Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Effects of encapsulated cardamom distillation waste extract and Lactobacillus plantarum on intestinal profile, protein digestibility, and growth of broiler
Full text linkThis research assessed the impact of incorporating encapsulated cardamom distillation waste extract and Lactobacillus plantarum (ECDWE-Lp) on small intestine profile, ileal protein digestibility, and broiler chicken growth performance. The study used 200 unsexed day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens in a fully randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions, each comprising 10 birds. Treatments were T0: basal diet (BD), T1: BD+0.3% ECDWE-Lp, T2: BD+0.6% ECDWE-Lp, and T3: BD+0.9% ECDWE-Lp. Parameters assessed included broiler performance, small intestine profile consisting of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform counts, intestinal pH, intestinal histomorphology (villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), VH/CD ratio), relative intestinal segment length and weight, and ileal crude protein digestibility. Data analysis used variance analysis and Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 5% significance. Results showed ECDWE-Lp significantly affected (P<0.05) daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, LAB and coliform totals (jejunum and ileum), intestinal pH, VH and CD (jejunum and ileum), jejunal VH/CD ratio, intestinal segment measurements, and ileal crude protein digestibility. The treatment did not significantly impact (P>0.05) duodenal LAB and coliform counts, duodenal VH and CD, or VH/CD ratio in duodenum and ileum. Adding 0.6% ECDWE-Lp improved small intestinal profile, ileal crude protein digestibility, and broiler performance
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk produced in Northern Jordan
Full text linkThis study aimed to assess contamination of raw milk with Staphylococcus aureus and to measure Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. Furthermore, it examined effect of region, month, and milk source on Bacterial Growth Rate (BGR) and Multidrug Resistance (MDR). Results show that sample distribution is affected by month, region, and milk source. E.g., the highest infection rate was recorded in March, with majority of samples concentrated in Qasabat Irbid. Furthermore, cow's milk dominated the samples, with majority of S. aureus growing. Meanwhile, distribution of MDR was not significant. Furthermore, region has a significant effect on BGR and MDR. The interaction of region and response reveals that effect of region differed depending on presence of MDR. Regarding laboratory results, MIC against S. aureus ranges from 1.00 for the most effective Azithromycin to 4.00 µg/mL for the least effective Fosfomycin. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the WHO classifications. Accordingly, antibiotics are ranked according to their importance and priority of use. CXM-AMC may top list as the most widely used and effective first-line drug. OT, DOX, and SXT follow, which are highly important. AMP and CEP are followed by GN, ENR, CIP, FFC, and FUR, with moderate importance. Finally, CEN, AZM, SPI, TY, N, CS, and FOS are of limited use in resistant cases. Therefore, the study recommends focusing on monitoring isolates of S. aureus. Antibiotics should be selected based on their MIC values. Therefore, priority should be given to using highly effective antibiotics as first-line, with less-needed reserved for resistant cases
Effectiveness of active turmeric components as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in chickens grown in poultry
Full text linkThis research aimed to ascertain the effect of adding turmeric flour to the feed on growth rate, protein intake, energy intake, carcass percentage, and fat around the abdomen. In this study, 100 Lohman strain MB-202 platinum broiler chickens of unsex were raised until it is seven weeks old. The present investigation takes an approach that is experimental using a completely randomly assigned design (CRD) that includes 5 treatments, each with 4 replications. The treatments in this study consisted of A (Feed with 0% Turmeric Powder), B (Feed with 1% Turmeric Powder), C (Feed with 2% Turmeric Powder), D (Feed with 3% Turmeric Powder), E (Feed with 4% Turmeric Powder). The parameters being studied are the percentage of carcass, abdominal fat, results showed that the addition of turmeric powder up to 4% in broiler chicken feed has a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on carcass percentage and a significant effect (P<0.05) on abdominal fat in broiler chickens. In conclusion, the addition of 1% turmeric powder yields the best results by producing a proportion of carcasses and reducing the ratio of abdominal fat. Meanwhile, the addition of 2% turmeric powder affects protein intake, energy intake, and growth rate
CMC-ase and β-Glucosidase activity of buffalo rumen cellulolytic bacteria isolates cultivated on a rice straw substrate at different incubation periods
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the activities of CMC-ase and β-glucosidase in buffalo rumen bacterial isolates cultured on a rice straw substrate at different incubation periods. The experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design with a 2 × 5 factorial pattern. The first factor was the bacterial isolate type (ST6 and ST8), while the second factor was the incubation period with five levels: T0 (0 days), T1 (3 days), T2 (6 days), T3 (9 days), and T4 (12 days). Each treatment was replicated four times. The observed variables were CMC-ase and β-glucosidase activities. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the interaction between isolate type and incubation period had no significant effect on CMC-ase activity (P > 0.05). Neither factor independently influenced CMC-ase activity (P > 0.05), with an average enzyme activity of 0.78122±0.238 U/mL. Similarly, the interaction effect on β-glucosidase activity was not significant (P > 0.05). The type of isolate did not affect beta glucosidase activity, but differences in incubation time affected beta glucosidase activity with the best results at 6 days of incubation (0.030221 ± 0.008 U/mL). In conclusion, the CMC-ase activity of buffalo rumen cellulolytic bacterial isolates cultured on a rice straw substrate is not affected by isolate type or incubation period, whereas β-glucosidase activity is influenced by incubation time
Effects of encapsulated Peperomia pellucida extract and Lactobacillus plantarum on intestinal bacteria, fat and cholesterol contents of meat in broiler chicken
Full text linkThe study looked at how adding Peperomia pellucida extract and encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum (PPELPE) affects the fat content, chemical makeup, and meat yield of broiler chickens. Researchers used 200 Ross strain broilers, 8 days old, weighing about 177.09 grams each. They used a randomized design with five treatments, each repeated four times, with 10 birds per group. The treatments were: T0 = basic feed (BF) without PPELPE, T1 = BF + 0.1% PPELPE, T2 = BF + 0.2% PPELPE, T3 = BF + 0.3% PPELPE, and T4 = BF + 0.4% PPELPE. They measured total bacteria (lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliforms in the ileum), ileum pH, fat digestibility, relative abdominal fat weight, and meat chemistry (fat and cholesterol) in the breast, femur, and tibia. Results showed that adding PPELPE significantly affected (p<0.05) total LAB, coliforms, ileum pH, fat digestibility, relative abdominal fat weight, tibia meat fat content, and cholesterol levels in breast and femur meat. However, it did not significantly change the fat content of breast and femur meat or the cholesterol content of the tibia. The study concluded that adding 0.4% PPELPE to the diet can increase total LAB and meat production while reducing total coliforms, ileum pH, fatty meat, tibia meat fat content, and cholesterol levels in breast and femur meat.
A bibliometric analysis of research trend on hypomagnesemia in calves
Full text linkHypomagnesemia, or low blood magnesium, is a significant metabolic disorder in calves and cattle, often leading to neurological symptoms and, if untreated, high mortality. Bibliometric analysis is an essential tool for assessing articles and other publications in literature. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of global trends research on hypomagnesemia in calves. By first of October 2025, the data were gathered from the WoS database (WoS). VOSviewer software was used to present the network among studies for each item under study, with an emphasis on the top ten outcomes for each item. Co-occurrence analysis, citation analysis and bibliographic coupling were performed. In total, 784 articles were included in the bibliometric analysis. The results revealed that author Timasheff, S was the most productive author (11, 1.4 %), and the publications in 2019 (n=27) were at the forefront. Regarding funding agencies, the National Institutes of Health, USA was in the front (n= 30) and the USA was the top nation in publications (n =148). The highest publications in WoS categories were collected from Veterinary Sciences (308, 39.28 %). Research articles were the most abundant form (n=705, 89.92 %). Citation analysis revealed that there were 12077 citations for the 784 articles on hypomagnesemia with an average citation of 14.47. Research related to hypomagnesemia in calves has grown in a fluctuating manner between 2016 to 2025. The results indicate that hypomagnesemia in calves is an important clinical problem in food animal practice and reflects its economic significance worldwide.
Production and economic performance of broiler farms at different altitude: A case study of Paranje partnership in West Java
Full text linkThe altitude of closed house poultry farms affects broiler chicken performance through changes in temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels. Although the closed house system is designed to stabilize the internal microclimate, the external environment influences the physiology of chickens at different altitudes. This study examined the effect of farm altitude on broiler performance and partner farmers' revenue within the Parenje partnership system in the West Java Province. This research was conducted using secondary data from the Paranje Partnership in West Java Province between 2022 and 2024. The data were grouped based on the altitude of the farm as follows: P1 (≤300 m), P2 (301–600 m), and P3 (>600 m). Each group consisted of 210 best performance records over three years, totaling 630 data points. The observed parameters included feed consumption, harvest weight, harvest age, depletion, feed conversion ratio (FCR), performance index (IP), and farmer revenue per chicken. The data were processed descriptively and are presented in the tables. The results showed that farms in P1 achieved the most efficient feed consumption, highest harvest weight, lowest FCR, and the highest IP and revenue. Conversely, farms in P3 recorded the lowest performance and revenue owing to environmental pressure. IP proved to be the main indicator of technical efficiency and was highly correlated with farmers’ revenue. The conclusion of this study is that the altitude of poultry houses affects technical performance and profitability of broiler production, with P1 being the best recommendation
Utilization of Papaya seed in anaerobic co-digestion with dairy cow manure on the bio-digester performance
Full text linkThis study examined utilization of papaya seed (PS) and the effect of pre-treatment in the form germination of PS and used it as a co-substrate with dairy cow manure (DCM) on the biogas digester performance. There were three digesters, namely, R1 (100% DCM), R2 (95% DCM and 5% non-germinated meal of PS), and R3 (95% DCM and 5% germinated meal of PS), which were run for three hydraulic retention times. The presence of PS as co-substrates of DCM can increase (p<0.05) methane production (L/kg substrate) by 195.01% at R2 and 211.08% at R3 compared to that in R1, and R3 resulted in 5.45% more methane production than that in R2. This enhancement was a significant increase in the biogas industry. Total ammonia nitrogen concentrations, pH values were close to the neutral levels, and the concentrations of volatile fatty acids were not significantly different (p>0.05) so that the digester conditions were optimum for the anaerobic digestion process. Therefore, germinated and non-germinated PS can be used as co-substrates with DCM to increase the methane yield, and germination can be considered as a method that can increase the methane yield of PS
Utilization of Terminalia catappa L. leaf extract and orange (Citrus cinensis) waste as natural feed additives to improve performance, productivity, and meat quality of broiler chickens
Full text linkFeed additives such as phytobiotic feed additives originating from local waste materials which are abundantly available can be used to support livestock productivity. One of the wastes that is widely available and can be used as a feed additive for poultry is Terminalia catappa L. leaf extract and orange (citrus sinensis) waste. This research aims to find local natural ingredients that are abundantly available and can be used as feed additives for broiler chickens. The research will be carried out in vivo on 252 broiler chickens with a design of 4 treatments and 7 replications with 9 chickens per replication. T0 (control, without administration of a mixture of extract and orange waste); T1 (Giving 3% mixture of Terminalia catappa L. leaf extract and orange waste); T2 (Giving 5% mixture of Terminalia catappa L. leaf extract and orange waste); and T3 (Administration of a 7% mixture of Terminalia catappa L. leaf extract and orange waste). Water and feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, IOFC, carcass traitt, meat moisture, meat crude protein and crude fat of broiler chicken were not significant (P > 0.05) among treatment. Phytobiotic feed additive from Terminalia catappa leave extract and orange waste in drinking water did not enhance performance, carcass trait, and meat quality of broiler chicken
Veterinary telemedicine: Current trends, benefits, and challenges in clinical practice
Full text linkTelemedicine has emerged as a key innovation in veterinary practice, particularly in response to the growing demand for rapid, efficient, and accessible animal healthcare in the digital era. Its applications encompass remote consultations, health monitoring, emergency triage, and owner education through digital platforms and mobile devices. This review aims to analyze current trends, benefits, and limitations of veterinary telemedicine, as well as evaluate its implications for the quality of clinical services. Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as “veterinary telemedicine,” “telehealth in animals,” and “remote veterinary consultation,” with a focus on publications from the past decade. The findings indicate that telemedicine significantly improves service accessibility, particularly for owners in remote areas, while enhancing time and cost efficiency. It also supports chronic disease monitoring, facilitates collaboration among veterinary specialists, and strengthens owner education. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including inconsistent regulatory frameworks, diagnostic limitations due to restricted physical examinations, technical barriers such as poor internet connectivity, and difficulties in building owner trust in remote services. In conclusion, veterinary telemedicine holds substantial potential to strengthen modern clinical practice by improving efficiency and access to care. The development of standardized protocols, integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), and targeted training for both professionals and animal owners represent strategic measures to address current limitations. Further research is warranted to assess its effectiveness, safety, and user satisfaction, thereby ensuring optimal and sustainable implementation in veterinary medicine