Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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A comparative study on the cardiopulmonary protective effect of propolis versus coenzyme Q10 on paclitaxel-induced toxicity
Get PDFPaclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most commercially and clinically effective chemotherapeutics, but its toxicity causes significant problems with its administration. Consequently, it was intended in the current research to explore the potential activity of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and propolis against PTX-induced cardiopulmonary damage. Thirty male albino rats were divided equally into six groups: control group; given saline, CoQ10 group; given CoQ10 (100 mg/kg b.wt daily), propolis group; given propolis (200 mg/kg b.wt daily), PTX group; given PTX (7.5 mg/kg b.wt i.p.), CoQ10+PTX group; given CoQ10 (100 mg/kg b.wt daily) before PTX (7.5 mg/kg b.wt) and propolis+PTX group; given propolis (200 mg/kg b.wt) before PTX (7.5 mg/kg b.wt). All treatments were received for 4 weeks. The PTX group had significantly higher serum concentrations of CK-MB and LDH. This result was concomitant with histopathological changes that represented by cardiac necrosis and degeneration together with congestion, edema and hemorrhage in the heart. Lung injury induced by PTX was characterized by perivascular hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltrates, bronchiolestenosis, hyperplasia and/or desquamation of the bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar emphysema, congestion, interstitial edema and fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels walls. Besides, pulmonary fibrosis was confirmed by Van Gieson stain. Immunohistochemical staining for IL-1β revealed positive immunoexpression in heart and lung tissue. Treatment with CoQ10 and propolis ameliorated the cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by PTX indicated by improved microscopic picture of heart and lungs, serum biochemical parameters and decrease IL-1β immunoreactivity in heart and lung tissues. In conclusion, CoQ10 could be the best choice to counteract the cardiopulmonary toxicity produced by PTX exposure
Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes among MDR and XDR Avian Pathogenic E. coli
Get PDFOne of the most costly diseases is avian colibacillosis. Virulence genes determine E. coli pathogenicity. This study was undertaken to explore the existence of some virulence-associated genes and resistant configurations of Escherichia coli recovered from broiler chicks. Thirteen E. coli isolates were exposed to an investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility profile against 17 antimicrobial agents that exhibited the highest resistance found against amoxicillin, florfenicol, penicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate, tetracycline, meropenem, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol in the percentage of 100%, 100%,100%, 92.3%, 76.9%, 69.2%, 61.5%, and 61.5%, respectively while the isolates exhibited highest sensitivity found to fosfomycin, imipenem, azetronam and ciprofloxacine in the percentage of 100%,92.3%,76.9% and 69.2%, respectively. Moreover, the thirteen E. coli isolates were exposed to the revealing of some virulence genes (iss, omp-T, hlyF, iroN, iuta, iucD, papC, cva, astA, tsh, and irp2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that the percentages rates were 84.6, 76.9, 76.9, 76.9, 61.5, 53.8, 38.4, 30.7, 23, 15.3 and 15.3%, respectively. A significant correlation between most antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes and virulence genes in E. coli isolates. Antimicrobial use in chickens should be reasonable to prevent antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, according to our findings
Bacteriological Quality of Retailed Chicken Meat Products in Zagazig City, Egypt
Get PDFChicken meat products have a high biological value; they are good sources of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Despite this high biological value, these products act as a good substrate for different types of bacteria and have been implicated in many foodborne disease outbreaks. Therefore, a total of 60 random samples of chicken meat products (nuggets, luncheon and pane, 20 of each) were collected from Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt for bacteriological examination (Aerobic Plate Count, Staphylococci count, Pseudomonas count, determination of most probable number of Coliform and E. coli.). The obtained results revealed that the mean aerobic plate counts were 5.18±0.19, 4.88±0.20 and 4.73±0.29 log10 CFU/g; Staphylococci counts were 2.96±0.20, 3.14±0.21 and 3.32±0.16 log10 CFU/g; Pseudomonas counts were 2.17±0.30, 2±0.28 and 2.34±0.21 log10 CFU/g; most probable numbers of Coliforms were 3.37±0.11, 3.83±0.27 and 3.64±0.30 log10 CFU/g; and most probable numbers of E. coli were 2.14±0.17, 2.56±0.30 and 2.64±0.25 log10 CFU/g in the examined nuggets, luncheon and pane, respectively. According to the Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality (EOS), the examined chicken product samples were 10(21.67%), 9(15%), 28(46.67%), 49(81.67%), 31(51.67%) and 30(50%) accepted for aerobic plate count, Staphylococci count, S. aureus, Pseudomonas count, Coliform and E. coli, respectively. In conclusion, the examined chicken meat products revealed unsatisfactory hygienic measures. Therefore, strict hygienic practices should be adopted during processing of chicken meat products to improve the bacteriological quality of such products
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Glycine Amino Acid on Performance, Growth Genes Expression and Immune Status of Broiler Chickens
Get PDFA total number of 360, day old male broiler chicks were divided into four groups (90 birds each), then each group was subdivided into three replicated (30 bird each), birds were allocated as follow; G1) served as control which fed on the basal diet only (corn-soya based diet) without any dietary treatments, G2) was fed on basal diet fortified with 0.25% glycine from premix, G3) was fed on basal diet fortified with 0.17 % glycine and G 4) was fed on basal diet fortified with 0.08 % glycine from premix. During the observation period (35 days), mortalities and growth performance parameters were weekly recorded as well as, serum samples were collected for detection of antibody titer against (NDV) vaccine. At the end of the trial, the carcass weights, breast muscle & thigh muscle yield, internal organs weights as well as, immune organs weights (spleen, bursa, and thymus) were recorded. Also, liver samples were collected and subjected for RNA extraction to detect IL6, IL1B as inflammatory response indicators, Myogenin, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) as muscular structure indicators and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) as an antioxidant capacity indicator by using (real-time PCR). The result revealed that, at day 35, the BW, BWG, FI were significantly elevated in G2. G2, G3 and G4 showed better gene expression of Myogenin, IGF1and GSH-Px comparing to G1. Moreover, they appeared the lowest genes expression of IL6 and IL1B. In conclusion, addition of glycine to broiler diet, improves their productivity, increase the muscular structure, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve immune response
Dose Dependent Cytotoxicity Effect of Doxorubicin on Breast Cancer Cell Line (AMJ13) Proliferation: in Vitro Study
Get PDFThe purpose of the current investigation was to identify the dose-dependent effect of doxorubicin on the proliferation of the AMJ13 cell line. The AMJ13 breast cancer cell line was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of the medication doxorubicin. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated using the Methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Doxorubicin's IC50 value, which ranged from 162.2 to 308,3, was 223.6. Doxorubicin inhibited the proliferation of AMJ13 cells to a greater or lesser extent at concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.2 g/ml (58.8%, 46.4%, 32.3%, 23.8%, 11.3%, and 0.896%). respectively.The percentage of cytotoxicity (CT) After 72 hours of treatment, doxorubicin inhibited MCF7 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, with a CT% of 90% at a dosage of 50 M. To sum up, doxorubicin displays strong cytotoxicity against the AMJ13 breast cancer cell line. It could be concluded that the effect of doxorubicin on the proliferation of theAMJ13 is dose dependent. In addition, morphological changes and apoptosis significantly enhance the inhibition of growth.
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Some Food Products and Human in Alexandria, Egypt
Get PDFThis study was carried out in Alexandria Province for a period of 12 months from November 2021 to October 2022 in the laboratory of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University for isolation and molecular identification of Salmonella from some food products of animal origin as well as humans. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the identified bacterial strains was assessed. A total of 450 food samples, comprising chicken paneeh, chicken burger, chicken luncheon, minced meat, beef burger, and kariesh cheese (75 each), were randomly gathered from. In addition, a total of 100 human stool samples have been obtained from 60 diarrheal individuals and 40 apparently healthy ones. Isolation of Salmonella from food samples on XLD clarified that the recovery rate was 12, 8, 5.3, 13.3, 9.3 and 5.3 % for Chicken paneeh, Chicken burger, Chicken luncheon, Minced meat, Beef burger and Kariesh cheese, respectively (40 isolates) while biochemical identification showed that the detection rate was 9.3, 5.3, 5.3, 8, 5.3 and 4% from the same samples, respectively (28 isolates only). Moreover, the molecular identification revealed the detection of 11 isolates only. Finally, the serological identification of 11Salmonella isolates clarified the presence of S. Enteritidis, S. Haifa, S. Inganda, S. Tamale, S. Typhimurium and S. Shangani with various rates. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella strains (n=11) isolated from food products revealed that Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against the tested isolates (90.9 %) followed by Doxycycline (72.73 %) while Cephalexin was the least effective antibiotics as it was noticed that 100% of isolates were resistant. On the other hand, Isolation of Salmonella from the stool samples on XLD (43 isolates) clarified that the recovery rate was 53.3 and 27.5 % for diarrheic and apparently healthy individuals, respectively while biochemical identification tests showed that the detection rate was 25 and 10 % for diarrheic and apparently healthy individuals, respectively (19 isolates only). In addition, the molecular identification of isolates revealed the detection of 16 isolates only. Finally, the serological identification of Salmonella isolates (n=11) recovered from food products clarified the presence of S. Enteritidis, S. Haifa, S. Inganda, S. Typhimurium, S. Montevideo and S. Tsevie with various rates. Finally, antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella strains (n=11) isolated from stool samples revealed that Vancomycin and Doxycycline were the most effective antibiotics against the tested isolates (93.75 %) while it was noticed that 100% of isolates were resistant to the remaining antibiotics (Ampicillin, Cefotaxim, Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin and Tetracycline)
Prevalence, Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing and Molecular Characterization of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Clostridium perfringens in Fish
Get PDFFish is one of the most widely advertised foods, and Egypt is now recognized as a significant global fish producer. Human and animal intestinal illnesses and significant histotoxic illnesses are caused by foodborne microorganisms as Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). This study was directed to monitor the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of some virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of multidrug-resistant C. perfringens recovered from fish. A total of 300 samples were collected from gills and intestine of Catfish, Tilapia and Dennis. Bacteriological examination was conducted, the obtained C. perfringens strains were tested for antibiogram, PCR screening of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The investigated samples showed C. perfringens prevalence of 48.3%. C. perfringens isolates were resistant to several antibiotics as clindamycin (90%), cefprozil (80%), novobiocin (80%), aztreonam (80%) and erythromycin (80%). While, isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid (90%), ofloxacin (90%), chloramphenicol (90%) and rifampicin (80%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) C. perfringens was detected in 80% of tested strains. PCR proved that the obtained C. perfringens strains were carrying the virulence genes: cpa, cpb and cpe in a prevalence of 60%, 40% and 10%, respectively. As well, bla and ermB antibiotic resistance genes were detected in C. perfringens strains in a prevalence of 100% for both genes. In conclusion, C. perfringens isolated from fish was multidrug- resistant (MDR) bacteria and was harbored cpa, cpb and cpe virulence genes and bla and ermB antibiotic resistance genes. The development of MDR C. perfringens is conceived as a public health threat
Virulotyping and Antibiograms of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Calves Suffering from Diarrhea
Get PDFEscherichia coli is an important cause of diarrhea in calves and has negative economic effects on the livestock industry worldwide due to high mortality and reduced growth rate. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of E. coli in 120 fecal samples from diarrheic mixed-sex neonatal calves, molecular detection of virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance testing. The high occurrence of E. coli (90/120; 75%) was detected in diarrheic calves. The molecular detection of virulence genes (iron, papc, asta, iuta, omp, hyl and iuc) showed that the high occurrence of astA (78.8%), iucD (66.6%), and papC (64.4%) genes in examined strains, while only 19 strains devoid of virulence genes. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli isolates showed absolute resistance to ampicillin (100%), followed by streptomycin (95.5%), tetracycline, sulfonamides, gentamycin and chloramphenicol (77.7% each). In the other hand, strains revealed high rates of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (80%) and enrofloxacin (77.8%). The multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains were determined as 77.7% (70/90) and the most identified antimicrobial resistance patterns in 31 strains was C, S, CN, N, TET, AM, SXT. Also, the identified antibiotypes had MAR index values ranged from 0.1 to 0.9. The results of current study indicate the importance of routine monitoring of E. coli isolated from diarrhetic calves to reduce the transmission to humans and animals as well as to select the most appropriate antibiotics. The antibiograms in our study emphasizes the risks associated with the random use of antibiotics.
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Efficient Bioreduction of Sulfate from Industrial Wastewater Effluents Using Enterobacter cloacae emr69
Get PDFThis study aimed to isolate and characterize sulfur reducing bacteria from industrial wastewater and soil to remove sulfate. A total of 14 sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) isolates were recovered from industrial wastewater and contaminated soil. Interestingly, bacterial isolate emr69 was selected as the highest sulfate reducer. Correspondingly, emr69 was characterized phenotypically and identified genotypically based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Enterobacter cloacae and deposited in Gen Bank database under accession number OR472728. The maximum sulfate reduction by E. cloacae emr69 against 2000 ppm (SO4-2) was 95% which obtained by adjusting the medium at pH 6 and growing the bacterium at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. The study suggests using of E. cloacae mr69 as a promising SRB for bioreduction of sulfate in industrial wastewater treatment
Effect of Vitex agnus castus L. Extract in Carp Fish Infected with Vibrio anguillarum
Get PDFThis work studied in vitro; the antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) extract against V. anguillarum, its minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) and detected its bioconstituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis besides evaluated its effect in vivo in carp either alone or combined with antibiotic to prevent or treat V. anguillarum infection. A total of 180 fish were divided into 6 groups; G1: negative-control, G2: V. anguillarum infected-control, G3: infected-(marbofloxacin (MAR) 10 mg/kg body weight), G4: infected-(VAC 1gm/kg ration), G5: infected-(VAC 1 gm/kg + MAR 10 mg/kg) all treatments lasted 7 days and G6: prophylactic treated-(VAC 1 gm/kg/30 day) then challenged. Results of scanning electron microscope revealed changes in bacterial morphology and loss of flagella by VAC where its MIC and MBC were 1.95 and 15.63 mg/ml respectively. Growth performance and survival rate improved in all treated groups in this descending order (G6, G4 then G5). All treatments significantly increased total protein, albumin, globulin, superoxide dismutase and decreased aspartate and alanine aminotransferases activities, malondialdehyde, urea and creatinine than G2 and mostly near to G1 in this ascending order (G3, G4 then G5). In G6, VAC protected carp from the infection and improved growth, survivability and most of blood parameters. MAR residue in fish musculature needed 4 days as a withdrawal period to be less than the maximum residue limits (MRL), while combination of VAC with MAR decreased it less than the MRL from the 1st day post treatment. Finally, VAC had a considerable antibacterial activity against V. anguillarum in both prevention and treatment assays. It can be used either alone or adding with MAR