Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Histological Detection of Unauthorized Herbal and Animal Contents in Some Meat Products
Get PDFThe quality assurance of meat products is very important for human health protection. In this study, 50 samples from burger, kofta, and sausage were examined histologically for the detection of adulteration. Histological sections from the three meat products were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Adulteration by unauthorized plant and animal tissues was detected microscopically. The results revealed that burger was adulterated with lung, heart, connective tissue, smooth muscles, cartilage, and plant tissues. Burger samples showed parasitic infection with sarcocystis within skeletal muscles. Kofta was adulterated with lung, connective tissue, smooth muscles, cartilage, blood vessels, and plant tissues. Sausage was adulterated with intestine, connective tissue, smooth muscles, cartilage, blood vessels, fat, and plant tissue. This study confirms the availability of histological examination in detecting adulteration of meat products and parasitic infection.Â
Compatibility of Some Commercial Meat Products with the Egyptian Standards Regarding Chemical Additives
Get PDFChemical additives were found to be the most widely used and least expensive flavouring and preservatives for meat products, but they must be used within safe-permissible levels to protect customers from any negative effects. With reference to the most recent updates of the Egyptian standards, this study examines the levels of nitrite, phosphate, ascorbic acid, and monosodium glutamate as examples of chemical additives in one hundred and sixty random samples of raw minced meat, beef burgers, sausages, and frankfurters (40 of each), which were collected from different supermarkets located in Shibin Elkom city, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. While nitrite was not found in the minced meat samples, out of the analyzed samples, 92.5%, 97.5, and 100% of the tested sausage, burger, and frankfurter samples, respectively, were within the permitted limits (PL) (≤ 100 ppm) regarding their nitrite level. Furthermore, when it came to ascorbic acid PL (≤ 500 ppm), 72.5%, 100%, 87.5%, and 100% of the minced beef, sausage, burger, and frankfurter samples were within PL, respectively. Additionally, 100%, 90%, 95.0%, and 97.5% of the analyzed minced beef, sausage, burger, and frankfurter samples fell below the acceptable range for monosodium glutamate level (≤ 5000 ppm), respectively. Furthermore, the tested minced beef and sausage samples had no phosphate, whereas 72.5% of the investigated frankfurter samples were within the PL, and all of the studied burger samples were outside the PL (≤ 0.3%). So, it is advised to continuously monitor the meat production market and carefully enforce the safety requirements.
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Complexities of Molecular Identification of γ-herpesviruses: Lessons from MCFV
Get PDFThe Herpesviridae family is subdivided into three subfamilies, namely α-herpersvirinae, β-herpesvirinae and γ-herpesvirinae. All members of the family are characterized by a common structure consisting of a large linear double-stranded DNA genetic core packaged into a proteic icosahedral capsid and further enclosed in a phospholipidic bilayer envelope of cellular origin. Herpesviruses are characterized, on one side, by a high stability of the genome during virus replication, however, on the other side by a high capability to change rapidly in response to natural evolutionary selecting pressure. Therefore, there is a continuous emergence and establishment of new viruses. In this contest γ-herpesviruses, whose contribution to disease outbreaks in wildlife population has often been underestimated, pose a serious problem due to their ability to cross species barriers, infect new hosts and give rise to newly emerged viruses or virus variants in reservoirs. The problem is exacerbated by the absence of vaccines and effective treatments, such as for Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in cattle or MCF-like diseases, caused by the Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viruses (MCFVs). MCFV can infect both livestock and wild animals sporadically, however when it does, it can cause clinical disease with important welfare implications, dramatic pathological changes and often has death as outcome. Due to the inability to isolate the majority of the γ-herpesviruses in vitro, their detection and characterization necessarily involve molecular methodologies aimed at diagnosing, identifying and resolving their phylogenetic origins and the evolutionary relationship with the host species. This information is ultimately necessary to improve the control of the disease spread, and to better identify the source of outbreaks, which can be seriously detrimental to zoological collections, especially for endangered species. This review provides an overview of the currently available methodologies applied for identification and characterization of MCFVs, critically describes benefits and disadvantages of these, recognises the gaps to be addressed and identifies future diagnostic opportunities
Clinicopathological Studies on the Effect of Nano Selenium Particles in Broilers
Get PDFThe reason for this research was to analyze the potential immune-stimulating and antioxidant properties of nano-selenium (nano-Se) in broiler chickens. The study utilized 150 one-day-old Cobb broiler chickens, which were arbitrarily allocated to six groups of 25 chickens every: G1 (control), G2 (0.3 ml nano-selenium/L water), G3 (0.5 ml nano-selenium/L water), G4 (E. coli 2 x 107 cfu), G5 (0.3 ml nano-selenium/L water and E. coli), and G6 (0.5 ml nano-selenium/L water and E. coli). Various immune response, antioxidant, and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. The results revealed that infected chickens had significantly lower levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) compared to the control group. Conversely, the infected chickens revealed a marked higher in interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IF-γ), and malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, infected and nano-se treated chickens exhibited a rise in IgG, IgM, IgA, GSH, GPX, SOD, and IL-4 with a notable decline in IF-γ, IL-2, and MDA relative to the infected group. These findings suggest that nano-se may play a significant role in immune response, antioxidant activity, and control and prevention of E. coli infections in broiler chickens. These results imply that nano-se may have a substantial role in strengthening the immune response, antioxidant activity, and management and prevention of E. coli infections in broiler chickens.Bottom of Form
 
Pathological and Clinical Pathological Studies on Some Immune Stimulant Drugs in Albino Rats
Get PDFA natural fermentation product called ivermectin (IVM), which is generated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, is a broad range of anthelmintic, pesticide, and antiviral. Several immune system functions are impacted by zinc. The goal of the current investigation was to determine how therapeutic doses of ivermectin and monozinc affected the liver, spleen, and lung in terms of histopathological changes, as well as the clinical results of lymphocytes, TNF, and γ globulin. Fifteen female white albino rats were equally divided into three groups, group 1 was assigned as a control, and group 2 received a therapeutic dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg BW/SC) with 18 mg of zinc per day orally for one month, and group 3 that received a double therapeutic dose of zinc (0.36 mg/kg BW/SC) orally for one month. The observed macroscopic histopathological changes in group 2 were enlargement of the livers with microscopical mild vacuolation of some hepatocytes with hyperplasia of Kupffer cells. Some areas of the liver showed necrotic changes. The lungs were congested and showed catarrhal pneumonia. The spleens were enlarged and congested, and showed microscopically, hyalinization of the central arterioles with an increase in the lymphocytes of the white pulp and hemorrhage in the red pulp. The histopathological changes in group 3 indicated congestion of the central vein and hepatic sinusoids with hemosiderin pigment and perivascular aggregation of mononuclear cells in the liver, while the lungs, microscopically showed mild catarrhal bronchitis, and the spleen showed hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicle of the white pulp ad reduction of the red pulp. The obtained results of the present study indicated that ivermectin with zinc act as immunostimulants for different cells responsible for immunity in the body tissue.
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HPLC- Ms/Ms-based Estimation of Oxytetracycline, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin Residues and Assessment of the Effect of Boiling and Frying on their Reduction in Table Eggs
Get PDFA total of 180 eggs (20 batches each represented by 3 eggs) of the farm, balady, and organic egg samples were collected in October 2021 from markets in Ismailia governorate, Egypt, and examined for detection of the oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin residues by using HPLC-Ms/Ms. The farm and balady eggs contained 20% with mean values of 69.95±1.78 and 43.6±2.65 ppb, respectively, and all of them were below the permissible limits and accepted. They contained 20% and 60% with mean values of 26± 0.21 and 39.58±5.58 ppb, respectively, and all positive samples were unaccepted. Both egg types were free from gentamicin residues, meanwhile, all organic eggs were clear from the three antibiotic residues under investigation. The study also revealed the distribution of oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin in albumin and yolk after oral administration and their residues in the 6th-day eggs were (750 and 500 ppb) and (500 and 319 ppb), respectively. The effect of boiling for 15 minutes on oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin residues in albumin and yolk was also investigated and showed a reduction% of (88 and 90) and (90.5 and 87.5), respectively. Meanwhile, the frying of whole eggs for 5 minutes reduced their concentration by 94.3% and 94.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the antibiotic residues in edible eggs are a serious risk that should be monitored, and it's significant to highlight the importance of efficient boiling and frying of eggs in reducing these residues and relieving their hazards to the consumer's health.
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Prevalence of Campylobacter Spp. in Marketable Milk and Some Milk Products in New Valley Governorate, Egypt
Get PDFThe current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in milk and milk products as well as the determination of isolated Campylobacter in Egypt's New Valley Governorate. 150 random samples of marketable milk (dairy farm and dairy shop) and some milk products: soft cheeses (Kareish, Domiati) and Ice cream (30 for each) were obtained from various locations in the New Valley Governorate. Campylobacter spp. were found in 6.6% of marketable milk from dairy farms. In addition, Campylobacter spp. were found in 3.3% of soft cheese samples (Kareish cheese). while they couldn't be detected in Domiati cheese samples. Moreover, Campylobacter spp. were found in 10% of ice cream samples. Campylobacter organisms were identified as C. coli (2%) and C. jejuni (2%) in marketable milk (dairy farm and dairy shop) and some milk products. In conclusion, Campylobacter species is detected in some milk and some milk products in New Valley governorate. So, restricted milk hygiene must be applied during milking, manufacturing, and marketing milk and its products. Â Â Â
Influence of Supplementing Parsley and Cilantro Extracts on Sensory Parameters of Soft Cheese with Highlighting on Their Antibacterial Impact
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The study was achieved to show the influence of supplementing different concentrations of parsley and cilantro extracts on sensory and microbiological parameters of soft cheese during 2 weeks of storage. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of both plants were determined. Also, a study of food poisoning bacteria survival in artificially contaminated soft cheese. The Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were sensitive to oil extract (0.5%) of both plants, while E. coli and S. Typhimurium were sensitive to methanol extract (5.0%) of cilantro based on MIC. The oil extract (0.5%) of parsley had a significant (p<0.05) improving effect on the sensory parameters of samples throughout storage. In E. coli and S. Typhimurium contaminated samples, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between samples with the oil extract (0.25% and 0.5%) of parsley and samples without extracts for pH value at end of the storage period. Based on the survival results, S. Typhimurium could not be isolated from all cheese samples with oil extract (0.5%) of cilantro on days 12 and 14 of storage, while E. coli count was reduced to 2.85 and 2.36 log CFU/g in cheeses with oil extract (0.25%) of parsley and cilantro, respectively. The S. aureus could not be isolated from all cheese samples with oil extract (0.5%) of parsley and cilantro from day eight till the end of the storage period. Results of the study recommended the use of these plants oil extracts to improve soft cheese safety and quality. This trial of the survival of food poisoning bacteria in the soft cheese supplemented by oil and methanol extracts of parsley and cilantro is one of the fewest studies, particularly in the Middle East
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Among Fresh and Heat-treated Meat Products
Get PDFThe emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica along the food chain has posed a public health concern worldwide. In the current study 180 samples of sausage, beef burger, cattle minced meat, buffalo minced meat, luncheon, and hot dog 30 of each type were chosen at random from supermarkets and butcher shops in Egypt's EL-Sharkia Governorate. The aerobic plate count (APC) mean values were 5.58± 0.26, 6.28 ± 0.35, 6.36 ± 0.45, 6.23 ± 0.41, 3.22± 0.28 and 3.08 ± 0.22 log10 CFU/g in examined sausage, beef burger, cattle minced meat, buffalo minced meat, luncheon and hot dog, respectively. The Salmonella detected in was 3/30 (10%), 5/30(16.66%), 6/30(20%), 5/30(16.66%) and 1/30(3.33%) in examined sausage, beef burger, cattle minced meat, buffalo minced meat, and luncheon respectively. The S. Typhi was the predominant among isolates (30%) followed by S. Kentucky (20%) then S. Typhimurium (15%) and finally S. Anatum (10%). The resistance was 100% for ampicillin, 80% for Kanamycin, 65% for erythromycin, 60% for amoxicillin and penicillin, and 55% for sulfamethoxazole. On the other hand, the sensitivity was 90% for gentamycin, 85% for norfloxacin, 75% for ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. To reduce the risk of Salmonella infection in the consumer population, a food safety program should be implemented during the processing of meat products.
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Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Some Food Products as well as Human Stool in Alexandria, Egypt
Get PDFThe goal of the current investigation was to test various samples of ready-to-eat food and human stool for EPEC. A total of 450 food product samples, including chicken paneeh, chicken burgers, chicken luncheons, beef burgers, minced meat, and kariesh cheese (75 each), and 100 human stool samples (60 from diarrheal people and 40 from healthy people) were randomly gathered from various supermarkets in the Alexandria province. To isolate and identify enteropathogenic E. coli, samples were examined bacteriologically. In addition, the recovered isolates underwent a molecular approach employing PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of four virulence indicators, and the antibiogram pattern of the isolates was established. It was found that the highest rate of isolation of E. coli was recorded in the examined samples of chicken paneeh (8%) followed by chicken luncheon and minced meat (5.3% of each), Kariesh cheese (4%) and lastly beef burger (2.7%). Concerning stool samples, the rate of isolation was 11.7% and 5% in diarrheic and apparently healthy individuals, respectively. Serotyping of the recovered E. coli isolates (n=21) from food samples revealed the detection of serotype O157:ð»7 (EHEC) (47.6%), serotype O111:H8 (EHEC) (23.8 %), serotype O26:H11 (EHEC) (19.0%), serotype O125:H21 (ETEC) (4.8%) and serotype O128:H2 (EAEC) (4.8%) while identified serotypes from stool samples (n=9) were O127:ð»40 serotype (EPEC) (33.3 %), O115:H83 serotype (EPEC) (55.56 % ) and O157:H7 serotype (EHEC) (11.1%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli strains to 11 antimicrobial agents was performed. The recorded results clarified that STEC isolated was found to be highly sensitive to Nalidixic acid (76.19%, 77.7%) and Doxycycline (90.5%, 88.89%), while it was moderately sensitive to Ampicillin (52.3%, 44.4%) and Erythromycin (47.6 %, 44.4%). Moreover, it was high resistance to Vancomycin (76.19%, 77.7 %) and cephalexin (81.0%, 77.7%) from food and stool respectively. The recovered E. coli isolates from the tested materials, either chicken products or stool, were effectively molecularly characterized using Real time PCR, which included the Stx1, Stx2, eaeA, and hylA genes. Despite the relatively low rate of isolation of enteropathogenic E. coli, it was determined from the data that retail food products in Alexandria pose a risk to human health. Â