Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Molecular detection of mcr-1 gene of Escherichia coli isolated from infected broiler chickens
Get PDFAvian colibacillosis is one of the most devastating diseases in chickens, resulting in high economic losses as well as high morbidity and mortality. Colistin is considered one of the most effective antimicrobials against colibacillosis. The recent discovery of mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) determinants in humans and animals raised serious concerns about its potential dissemination among bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the presence of mcr1 gene among E. coli isolates in broiler chickens infected with colibacillosis. As an experimental design was performed on broiler chickens after molecular detection of mcr-1 gene to explore the efficacy of neomycin as a hydrophobic antibiotic wither in the mcr-1 absence or its existence after oral inoculation of E. coli strains. . Results revealed the high prevalence of colibacillosis among broiler farms in addition to highly spread of colistin resistance among E. coli isolates either through isolation on specific colistin resistance medium or molecular detection of the mcr-1 gene. On other hand, by histological examination we observed that the presence of the mcr-1 gene among E. coli isolates improved the treatment efficacy of the hydrophobic antibiotic. As a result of the significant antibiotic resistance issues and high risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes to humans, the development of antibacterials only for animal uses without cross-resistance to existing antibiotics might afford a solution in the future. Although there is an increase in acquired antibiotic resistance genes, it is possible to take advantage of this phenomenon, which in turn led to an increase in the sensitivity of some other antibiotics. Therefore, we recommend studying pharmacokinetic of antibacterials and making the most of this widespread phenomenon
Detection and control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat products
Get PDFChemicals known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be found in foods that have been grilled or barbecued, especially meats. One hundred and twenty samples of meat products represented by roasted kofta, roasted meat, charcoal grilled kofta and charcoal grilled meat (20 of each) were collected randomly from different markets at Kalyobia governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were examined for determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Natural oils as lauryl oil, garlic oil and lemon oil with concentration (0.5%-1% 1.5%) were used to reduce fat pyrolysis by minimizing the amount of meat drips. The recorded results revealed that mean values of PAH4 was 10.35±0.89, PAH8 was 14.53±1.17 and PAHs was 16.49±1.33, respectively in untreated samples of charcoal grilled meat. Meanwhile PAH4 residual concentrations in samples treated with lauryl oil of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% were 13.7±0.6, 10.3±0.4 and 7.2±0.3, and with reduction percentages of 26.4, 44.5 and 61.2 %, respectively. Samples treated with garlic oil of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% showed PAH4 residual concentrations ere 12.1±0.5, 8.9±0.4, 5.5±0.2, with reduction percentages of 34.9, 52.2 and 70.0%, respectively. However, samples treated with lemon oil in concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% revealed that PAH4 levels were10.3±0.5,6.8±0.4 and 3.9±0.2, with reduction percentages of 45.7, 65.6 and 79.1%, respectively. It could be concluded that charcoal-grilled meat treated with natural oils decreased the levels of PAH4 in the examined samples. As PAH4 raises the risk of caner
Prevalence of camel trypanosomiasis in Gulf region: a systematic meta-analysis
Get PDFTrypanosomiasis in camels is a worldwide major clinical problem. The objective of this review was to present analysis of comprehensive studies on camel trypansomiasis in the Gulf region through meta-analytical investigation. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the rules of PRISMA. Data were extracted after complete search; then finally eligible articles were identified. Using comprehensive meta-analysis software program, the data were analyzed. The results of meta-analysis were effect size, confidence intervals (CI), heterogeneity, and publication bias. Out of 11837 camels in 19 accepted studies, 3179 were proved to be infected with T. evansi (26.85 %). At random, and fixed effects, the Z-value of -6.724 (P-value = 0.000) -30.349 (P-value = 0.000) was recorded, respectively. The Q-value (917.361), I-squared (98.038), and P- value (0.000) are the final heterogeneity variables. Additionally, the Tau-squared is 0.632 with a 0.403 Standard Error. Egger’s linear regression test for asymmetry did not indicate publication bias, Intercept (-4.95), 95% confidence interval (from -9.54 to -0.35), t-value (2.27), and df = 17.00. The 1-tailed P-value (recommended) is 0.018, and the 2-tailed P-value is 0.036. The outcome of Kendall’s tau with continuity correction (-0.29240), with a 1-tailed P-value (recommended) of 0.040 and 2 -tailed P-value of 0.080. Duval and Tweedie’s trim-and-fill method (no studies trimmed) resulted in an adjusted correlation from 0.32702 to 0.34658 (95% CI). In conclusion, the present results indicate that camel trypanosomiasis is a common infection in Gulf countries. Therefore, strict prevention and control policies should be formulated
A comparative study of follicular dynamics, hormonal profiles, ovarian measurements, and endometrial thickness between well-fed nulliparous and multiparous dromedary she-camels during the breeding season
Get PDFThe current study sought to determine whether well-fed nulliparous she-camels (NP, n= 8) aged 2:3 years could have the same pattern of fertility status similar to multiparous she-camels (MP, n= 13; aged 8 to 13 years). Ovarian follicular dynamics and associated hormones, ovarian measures and endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates were recorded during the period of 90 days (December–March). Every two days, the ovaries and uterus were scanned by ultrasound, and blood samples were taken. Results showed that the right ovaries were more active than the left ovaries. Ovarian length and width and endometrial thickness increased with follicles growth, and NP had longer ovaries (P<0.05) than MP she-camels and the opposite was found in the ovarian width, whereas endometrial thickness was less in NP than MP. MP had a higher mean number of emerged follicles (17.21±0.41 follicles) than NP (10.42±0.41 follicles). The mature phase duration was longer (P<0.05) in MP (11.89 days) than in NP (9.94 days). The duration of regression for DF and oversized follicles were 19.38 and 15.13 days in NP compared to 23.31 and 17.27 days in MP. Progesterone concentrations remained at the basal level throughout the follicular waves, while E2 and FSH concentrations were associated with the follicular growth, and the peak levels were recorded in the mature phase (56.88 and 7.766 vs. 62.58 and 9.017 pg/mL and mIU/mL in NP and MP, respectively). In conclusion, well-fed NP demonstrated fertility status comparable to multiparous she-camel
Estimation of Heavy Metal Contents in the Retailed Meat Products in Zagazig City, Egypt
Get PDFA significant source of high quality animal protein, vitamins, and minerals are meat products. However, during the course of production or during the life of the animals used to produce the meat for these businesses, heavy metals may be present in meat products. The amount of dangerous metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and trace elements like copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) that remain in such items is obviously unknown. In order to determine the residual Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations in three meat products, pasterma, luncheon and sausage, this study was carried out. Additionally, for Egyptian consumers, estimated daily intakes (EDI) and potential health concerns associated with consuming such meat products were calculated. The obtained results showed that the evaluated products were contaminated with the tested metals at varying rates. The highest Cd, Cu, and Zn contents and contamination levels were generally seen in pasterma. While Pb contamination rates at luncheons were highest. The maximum allowable limits for heavy metal residues were not exceeded in any samples. The calculated estimated daily intakes, hazard ratio, and hazard index did not identify any potential concerns related to Egyptian consumers' consumption of such meat products
Heavy Metals Residues in Bivalve Mollusks in Fayoum Province and their Potential Health Hazards
Get PDF   Bivalves Mollusks have a potential benefit which include protection from anemia due to its content of iron and vit B12 in addition they pose a threat in promoting the ability to be contaminated by different heavy metals residues as a result of mining, industrial production untreated sewage sludge. Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Cr are the main five toxic heavy metals that induce human poisoning. For evaluation of Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Cr residues in Bivalve Mollusks in Fayoum province and their potential hazards, a total of 64 random samples of Bivalve Mollusks (Callista Florida species) were collected from the fish markets of Fayoum City, (Wadi Elrayan), Egypt The results revealed that the mean residues of Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Cr were 0.75, 0.77, 0.089, 7.285 and 0.011 mg/kg/ww, respectively. All samples examined for Hg and  As exceeded the PML while Pb and Cd lied with the PML The collected samples were subjected to soaking in running water for 30 minutes; soaking in 5% acetic acid solution for 30 minutes and boiling with 5% acetic acid solution for 15 minutes .The heights reduction % of heavy metals residual levels were recorded after treatment in boiling 5% acetic acid treatment with the following reduction %; Hg (80%), Pb (67.6%), Cd (77.5%), As (44.35%) and Cr (75.76%). The assessment of Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) value was exceeded 1 which indicates a potential risk to human health and TR was > 1x10-4 which indicates a carcinogenic risk to the local consumers and will face high chronic risk if they consume Bivalve Mollusks on regular basis in their diet
Follicular, Luteal and Uterine Hemodynamics before and after Dominant Follicle Aspiration in Aged Mares
Get PDFTo study the effect of follicle aspiration on the follicular, luteal, and uterine dynamics and hemodynamics associated with estradiol and nitric oxide changes, five aged mares >18 years were granted from Police department due to aging were subjected to transvaginal dominant follicle aspiration (TVA) on Day 12 after ovulation (Day 0). Before TVA, three complete estrous cycles were studied. The three large follicles were tracked after spontaneous ovulation and follicle aspiration starting from the day of aspiration (Day 0) till Day 12 and Day 15 of the first and second estrous cycles following aspiration. Follicle number, diameter, antral diameter, area, antral area, color area, color area %, granulosa area, and granulosa color area % in relation to the diameter of the dominant and subordinate follicles were determined during the spontaneous estrous cycles. Follicle diameter, antral diameter, area, antral area, color area, color area %, granulosa area, granulosa color area %, CL color area % and uterine horns color area % in relation to days before or after follicle aspiration were determined during the spontaneous estrous cycles. Blood samples collected on the same day of ultrasound and Doppler assessment were used to assay estradiol and nitric oxide concentrations. Days after ovulation influenced Uterine horn area (P<0.05) and color area (P<0.05), CL color area (P< 0.05) and CL color area % (P<0.05), Estradiol (E2, P<0.0001), and Nitric oxide (NO, P<0.0001). Days after aspiration influenced follicle antrum (P<0.01), follicle circulatory (P <0.0001), CL diameter (P<0.05), CL area (P<0.05), and E2 (P=0.007). Aspiration influenced the follicle circulatory (P<0.0001) and CL color area (P<0.05) and tended to influence E2 (P>0.05). In conclusion, aspiration of the dominant follicle simulates spontaneous ovulation in aged mares. Day 12 after ovulation could be selected for aspirating the dominant follicle without disturbing the follicular dynamics and hemodynamics. Aspirated dominant follicle become a corpus luteum with 2-3 days after aspiration
Effect of Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against E. coli and Staph. aureus on Quality and Shelf Life of Minced Meat
Get PDFMetal nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention recently in several nanotechnology fields. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have attracted the most interest among metal nanoparticles due to their possible antibacterial impact, particularly in regulating the safety of meat and meat products. This study looked at how the quality and shelf life of minced beef were affected by antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against S. aureus and E. coli. So, minced meat samples were inoculated with S. aureus and E. coli and then exposed to various doses of ZnO bulk and nanoparticles, including 4 mM, 6 mM, and 8 mM then kept at 4 °C for 12 days, then E. coli and S. aureus growth and count were examined to assess ZnONPs action on them and on minced meat quality and shelf life. The findings showed that E. coli and S. aureus growth and count in minced beef were significantly reduced by ZnO NPs at 8 mM concentration. The findings suggest that ZnO NPs could be utilized as antibacterial agents and for shelf-life extension in food preservation
In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of the Efficacy of Phoxim and Deltamethrin against Life Stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown Dog Tick)
Get PDFInfestations of brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) are difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of phoxim and deltamethrin against R. sanguineus in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies, the evaluation involved the exposure of R. sanguineus adults, nymphs, and larvae to phoxim (1 ml/1000 ml) and deltamethrin (1 ml/1000 ml) observations were recorded for 24 hours, and the eggs were assessed and compared with a negative control tick group that had been exposed to water for 14 days, In vivo studies, twenty local dogs have been divided into four groups of five each: The 1st group was non-infested dogs; the 2nd group is infested untreated dogs; the 3rd group was infested dogs and treated with a therapeutic dose of phoxim; and 4th group was infested dogs and treated with a therapeutic dose of deltamethrin. Results revealed that phoxim was more effective than deltamethrin on adult of R. sanguineus, while deltamethrin appeared to be more effective than phoxim on nymphs and larvae of R. sanguineus. Both acaricides significantly inhibited egg hatchability of R. sanguineus with the same potency
Toxic Metal in Fish and Fish products: Accumulation and Human Health-A Review
Get PDFIn the aquatic environment, pollution with heavy metals is a major issue. Some of them are essential heavy metals because they play biological roles for aquatic organisms. Other heavy metals, however, are regarded as dangerous even at low concentrations. Heavy metal levels that are harmful may be caused by industrial, mining, and agricultural operations. Water contamination and changes to the physicochemical properties of the aquatic environment will result from this. The harmful toxic consequences of this pollution on fish raise questions about its possible impacts on human health. The most prevalent heavy metals are arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, which are systemic toxicants and have an impact on human health. These metals are classified as carcinogens by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the international agency for research on cancer because they cause organ damage even at low exposure levels. This review was created to contribute to the understanding of the environmental impact, toxicology, and consequences of heavy metals on fish