Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
Not a member yet
1269 research outputs found
Sort by
Existence and control of some heavy metals in chicken breast meat and giblets
Get PDFHeavy metals are toxic residues that exert harmful effects because of their accumulation in the biological tissues. This study aimed to investigate the fitness of chicken breast meat, gizzard and liver for the human consumption in relation to their heavy metal residues. In addition, biodegradable effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the heavy metals concentrations in chicken fillet samples was assessed. Lead, cadmium and arsenic concentrations were investigated in a total of ninety random samples of raw chilled chicken meat, gizzard and liver (30 of each), which were collected from poultry slaughter shops in Benha city, Qalubiya governorate, Egypt by the atomic absorption technique. Furthermore, in vivo degradable effect of L. rhamnosus on heavy metal residues in chicken fillet was investigated during refrigeration storage. Liver samples had significant higher levels of heavy metals than gizzard and meat, with the incidences of 56.7%, 46.7% and 16.7% for lead, cadmium and arsenic, respectively. Moreover, 28.9%, 24.4% and 28.9% of the examined samples were unfit for human consumption based on their heavy metal contents, and in accordance with the respective Egyptian standards. In addition, L. rhamnosus had a significant reduction effect on arsenic, cadmium and lead with the reduction (%) of 56, 71.5 and 82.6% at the end of the experiment, respectively. Accordingly, regular investigation of heavy metals levels in commercial meat products and their feed stuffs is recommended. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus showed promising diminishing effect on heavy metal accumulation in meat products, where advanced research on its effect on the environment is recommended.
Effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on some pathophysiological alterations in induced hyperlipidemic male Albino Rats
Get PDFObesity alters lipid profile, blood glucose, liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and hormonal balance. Fennel has shown anti-obesity effects in preliminary studies, but its role in ameliorative metabolic complications of obesity needs further research. This study assessed the provisional influences of fennel extract against high-fat diet-provoked metabolic deviations in rats. Forty male albino rats were allocated into standard diet control, obese control, low dose fennel (100 mg/kg) and high dose fennel (300 mg/kg) groups. Obesity was triggered by 4 weeks of high-fat nourishment. Fennel extract was applied orally for 6 weeks. Parameters considered were body weight, lipid profile, blood glucose, liver enzymes, anti-oxidant status, thyroid hormones, leptin, and hepatic insulin receptor gene expression. Fennel significantly diminished body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, liver enzymes, glucose, and leptin while increasing HDL-cholesterol, anti-oxidant enzymes, and thyroid stimulating hormone compared to obese controls. Histological examination has shown alleviation of fat accumulation and intracellular changes in the liver. Insulin receptor gene expression was also significantly increased by fennel extract. This study demonstrated that fennel extract reverses obesity-induced metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and histopathological change in the liver of rats. The hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-oxidant, and hepatoprotective properties of fennel may be beneficial in managing obesity-associated metabolic complications
Ziziphus spina-christi extract alleviate Cisplatin induced hepatorenal toxicity in rat via oxidative stress and apoptosis modulation
Get PDFCisplatin is famous, effective anti-cancer drug but has some adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. This work was planned to assess the protective effect of Ziziphus spina-christi oil extract against Cisplatin induced hepatorenal toxicity. A total of 24 male albino rats divided into equal four groups for 14 consecutive days. G1(control), G2(ziziphus spina-christi), G3(cisplatin), G4(cisplatin+ ziziphus spina-christi). Cisplatin treated rats showed increase serum of AST, ALP, ALT, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, urea, creatinine concentrations and decreased total protein and albumin concentration. Furthermore, cisplatin treated rats significantly increased the MDA level and decreased both of CAT and SOD levels in hepatic and renal tissue compared to control. Administration of Ziziphus spina-christi oil extract orally at dose of with once intraperitoneal IP at 10th day of experiment renormalized cisplatin hepatorenal damaged group by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Both of histopathological and immunohistochemical (TNF alpha) examination showed good changes, recorrection after using of Ziziphus Spina-Christi oil extract orally
Clinical and histopathological assessment of the combined therapeutic effect of Curcumin Nanoparticles and PRP on the cutaneous wound repair in rats.
Get PDFSkin wound healing is a complex biological process in which the replacement of dead tissue by a vital one takes place. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical and histopathological modalities of Curcumin nanoparticles and (Platelet-rich plasma) application on excisional skin wound healing activity. Under complete aseptic conditions full-thickness (10 mm) artificial uniform skin wounds were created on the back of twenty anaesthetized male rats (divided into four groups; Control (Group A), Curcumin treatment (Group B), Platelet-rich plasma treatment (Group C), and Curcumin - Platelet-rich plasma treatment (Group D). Tissue sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, PAS, and Crossman trichrome for histopathological evaluation of the wound healing properties following the curcumin and PRP topical treatment. Significant skin regeneration including wound closure and histopathological healing was better in Curcumin nanoparticles and PRP treated groups compared to the control untreated one through better reepithelization and coaptation between the epidermis and dermal layers, more vascular angiogenesis, less inflammatory reactions, healthy granulation tissue and better collagen fibers density in the dermal layer. The obtained results proved an effective external therapeutic use of both Curcumin and PRP on cutaneous wound healing progression
Isolation and genetic diversity of fowlpox virus circulating in chicken flocks in Egypt
Get PDFFowlPox virus (FPV) was detected in eight chickens suffering from a diphtheritic lesion on the oropharynx and trachea with nodular skin lesions around the unfeathered parts in two Egyptian governorates (El-Sharkia and Ismailia governorates) during summer 2023. A variety of serological and molecular methods were performed for identification and characterization of the virus. on specific-pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs via chorio-allantoic membranes (CAM), the distinguishing focal pock lesions were detected on CAM. Concerning electron microscopy, FPV appeared as enveloped quadrangular brick shaped Avipoxvirions. The neutralizing antibodies level against FPV were detected in all eight samples. Serum neutralization test showed a neutralization index of ≥ 1.6 in all serum samples, meanwhile ELISA test displayed an S/P ratio of ≥ 1.5 in the affected chickens. Notably, two positive FPV samples were sequenced then submitted to the GenBank (Sharquia-1 and Ismilia-2 with accession numbers; OR920788-OR920789). The phylogenetic tree construction based on the fpv167- (P4b) gene of FPV revealed high nucleotide identity with Elsharqyia_FWPV1, Elsharqyia_FWPV2 and Fowlpox-AN5, FWPVN, FWPVD (Egyptian isolates) with nucleotide identity percentage 100%, 99%, 100%, 99%,99%; respectively. Likewise, FPV isolates were of low homology with VSVRI-Vac (vaccinal strain) with 88% similarity. In context, the local recent our strains can be applied in vaccine production for appropriate vaccination programs in Egypt
Estimation of the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against induced Clostridium perfringens infection in broiler chickens
Get PDFA serious infection in avian species can be caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). Because of the harmful consequences that antibiotics have on public health, reducing their usage in the animal industry is a major global concern. As an alternative to antibiotics, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used more and more recently to target bacteria. Zinc oxide (ZnO), one of these NPs, exhibited antibacterial activity even at low concentrations. Consequently, at 14 days, 75-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were separated into 5 equal groups (15 birds each divided into triplicate, 5 bird per replicate). The groups were calssified as G1, G2, G3, G4 & G5. G1 was infected with C. perfringens type A; G2 was infected & given zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs); G3 was infected with C. perfringens & given doxycycline as an antibiotic; G4 received ZONPs continuously for 35 days; & G5 was the negative control. For two successive days, 4×108 colony forming units (CFU) of C. perfringens type A/mL/bird were given orally to birds in infected groups. ZONPs in the treatment groups received a total dose of 150 µg/bird. Bird performance is measured for 35 days, & data is gathered on body weight (BW), feed conversion (FC), feed conversion rate (FCR), clinical signs score, & mortalities. Moreover, immune organ indices & the microbial loads in the caecum & intestine were assessed. Remarkably, BW improvements (P < 0.05) were noted in ZONPs treated group & ZONPs / C. perfringens infected group, in contrast to those in G1. Compared to G1, treatment with ZONPs lowered the colonization of C. perfringens in the caeca & intestine, lessened the severity of clinical symptoms, & decreased mortality. Thymus, bursa, & spleen relative weights varied considerably (P < 0.05) between treatment groups. When ZONPs were administered alone or in conjunction with infection, the spleen’s relative weight was considerably (P < 0.05) larger in treated birds than in control & antibiotic-treated birds. In conclusion, ZONPs positively affect the BW & FCR, improve the relative weight of immune organs, & can decrease the C. perfringens count in the intestine, positively impacting performance, general health, & gut health integrity. However, ZONPs also reduce the population of gut microbes. On the other hand, birds that received antibiotic treatment showed adverse effects on a few metrics. Therefore, more investigation into the use of ZONPs in broiler diets and their safety for the health of humans and avian species is still advised
Electron microscopic studies on the nervous layer of the eye in donkeys
Get PDFThe microanatomy of the donkey eye is important to understand because pathological disorders affecting them are relatively common. The current study aimed to document the cellular components of donkey's retinae using light and electron microscopic studies. Ten donkey retinae were dissected and processed for semi-thin sections and electron microscopic studies. The photoreceptor layer was made up of the outer and inner segments of rods and cones. The outer segments were filled with invaginations of cell membranes that form stacks of membranous disks. Shed discs of photoreceptor outer segments could be seen in the photoreceptor layer as well as near the Müller cells. The inner segments of cones were conical in shape, while those of rods were slim rod-shaped. Both were filled with long thin mitochondria and free ribosomes. Three rows of photoreceptor cell nuclei made up the outer nuclear layer. The rod nuclei had more electron-dense chromatin than those of the cones. There were two rows of cell nuclei in the inner nuclear layer that represent the following four cell classes: horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and Müller cells. Bipolar cells constitute the bulk of the inner nuclear layer. They were elongated in shape and had thick branched dendrites. Amacrine cells were in the inner face of the INL. It could be observed within IPL and known as displaced amacrine cells. Muller glial cells were irregular elongated in shape with many cytoplasmic processes. They were distributed in the INL among the bipolar cells. Müller cells were observed in the inner plexiform layer, the ganglion cell layer, and the nerve fiber layer. In conclusion, this study characterized the detailed cytological organization and ultrastructure of the healthy donkey retina. which maintains the fundamental laminar architecture characteristic of other mammalian retinas, and consists of 10 distinguishable layers. When compared to previously described retinal morphologies in domestic species, some distinctive characters were observed in donkey retinal cells
A study on the prevalence of multidrug resistant food poisoning Salmonella spp. in camel meat and offal with a reduction trial using organic acids
Get PDFCamel meat is an important source of red meat and essential amino acids in Egypt and other Arab countries. This study aimed at investigation of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the camel meat and offal (liver, and kidney) retailed in Zagazig city, Egypt. Besides, antibiogram of the recovered Salmonella spp. was screened. In addition, a reduction trial for Salmonella loads in the prepared camel meat ball using organic acids such as acetic and lactic acids or their combination. The obtained results revealed isolation of Salmonella spp., at 20% (12 out of 60 samples). With the highest prevalence in the liver (30%), followed by kidney (20%), and muscle (10%), respectively. Salmonella spp., that were isolated were identified serologically as S. Enteritidis (33.33%), S. Typhimurium (41.66%), S. Virchow (8.33%), and S. Apeyeme (16.66%). The recovered species showed marked multidrug resiatance with the highest resistance against erythromycin, oxacillin, clindamycin, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid. The use of acetic, lactic acids and their combination could significantly reduce Salmonella load in the camel meat samples. In conclusion, the use of organic acids, particularly a combination of acetic and lactic acids (1:1, 2%) is of a particular importance in reducing Salmonella load in the camel meat
The role of nuclear factor kappa B signaling in the therapeutic effect of tadalafil against dexamethasone-induced gastric ulcer in rats
Get PDFGastric ulceration is a common gastrointestinal ailment with serious consequences that can lead to serious illness or even death. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of tadalafil (TAD) and dexlansoprazole (DLP) in treating stomach ulcers caused by dexamethasone (DEX) in male albino Wister rats. Thirty male albino Wister rats were divided into 5 groups (6 rats each): control group received normal saline, positive control group received DEX 5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 7 days, the third group received DLP 30 mg/kg/day orally after DEX, the fourth group received TAD 5 mg/kg/day orally after DEX, and the fifth group received DLP and TAD orally after DEX. Persistence and prevention of ulcers, pepsin activity, mucin content, and histopathological changes were evaluated after each trial. Reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in gastric homogenates. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were also measured. Treatment with either TAD or DLP alone significantly reduced ulcer index (U.I.), pepsin activity, TNF-α, IL-10 and MDA with significant rise in mucin content, PGE2, NO, GSH, and improved the histological alteration compared to DEX group. When TAD and DLP were administered together, there was a more notable decrease in U.I., pepsin activity, gastric MDA, TNF-α, and IL-10 with concomitant more significant increase in mucin content, NO content, and PGE2 production compared to the TAD or DLP groups alone. Compared to each medicine alone, TAD and DLP together have promising therapeutic potential in preventing stomach ulcers caused by DEX
Pathological studies on some marine fish parasites in Egypt
Get PDFMarine fish is an important source of high-quality, yet relatively cheap animal protein in the Egyptian’s diet. Although most parasitic diseases might not cause direct losses of fish, it has deleterious effects on their weight gain and marketability and weaken the fish's immune system paving the way for more serious secondary infections. In this study, we recorded the most common parasitic infestations in marine fish in Egypt in the period between winter 2019 to summer 2021 and described their associated pathologic effects. Four hundred fish from seven different fish species (Mugil cephalus, Pomadasys incisus, Gilthead sea bream, Pagrus Pagrus, Morone labrax (sea bass), thunnus thynnus and Caranx crysos) were randomly collected from the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Out of the 400 examined fish, 197 (49.25%) infestations were recorded. The isolated parasites were a crustacean, two cestodes, and a nematode and were morphologically identified as follows: Ceratothoa oestroides, Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, Tetraphyllidean larvae and Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum). Among the infested fish, the highest prevalence of infestation was recorded by Ceratothoa oestroides (43.65%) followed by Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (31.98%) and Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (24.37%), and the lowest prevalence rate was recorded by the Tetraphyllidean larvae (15.74%). The pathologic macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with each type of infestation are described underscoring the importance of continuous search for and application of possible safe control measures for marine fish parasites to spare the fish industry the detrimental effects of these infestations.Â