Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Influence of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract and synbiotic supplementation on mitigating stress of broilers subjected to high stocking density.
Get PDFEnvironmental factors such as stocking density can cause stress and negatively affect the physiological status and meat quality of broiler chickens. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of increased rearing density on the growth performance, stress, fear levels, meat quality and liver histopathology of broilers as well as suggesting a use of different supplementations that may be helpful to reverse such adverse effects. Three hundred sixty one day-old cobb broilers (44.0 ± 5.24 g live-weights) were randomly distributed to 24 replicate pens to create two different stocking densities (D10 and D15 bird/m2) with the different supplementation treatments: 1) 10 birds/m2/pen (without any treatment, control, "CD10"), 2) 10 birds/m2/pen (moringa aqueous extract treatment "MAED10"), 3) 10 birds/m2/pen (synbiotic "SynD10"), 4)15 birds/m2/pen (without any treatment control SD15 "CD15"), 5) 15 birds/m2/pen (moringa aqueous extract treatment "MAED15"), 6) 15 birds/m2/pen (synbiotic "SynD15"). Results of the current study revealed that there was a significant increase in the overall experimental period body weight gain (P<0.01) with increasing density without affecting feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio. High stocking density resulted in significantly increased corticosterone (P>0.001), altered brain monoamines, deteriorated some carcass quality parameters and declined liver health. Additionally, it was concluded that moringa aqueous extract (MAE) and synbiotic (Syn) supplementation have a significant effect in reversing the catastrophic effect of high stocking density (SD) with minimal effect at the lower density groups
Molecular detection of blaTEM gene for encoding extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) on Escherichia coli isolated from deer feces in Indonesia
Get PDFAntibiotic resistance is a serious global health threat and broad-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobactericeae (ESBL) are major contributors. This research focuses on the presence of Eschericia coli as a producer of ESBL in the fresh feces of deer. This study aims to gain deeper insight into ESBL sourced from deer. 129 fresh stool samples were collected. A total of 89 samples came from the East Java region and 40 samples came from the East Nusa Tenggara region. Identification were carried out which was then followed by PCR. We found 9 positive samples of ESBL-producing E. coli containing the blaTEM gene as the ESBL encoding gene. 33 samples (25.28%) were positive for E. coli. 8 isolates (24.24%) were multidrug-resistant, East Java (6 isolates) and East Nusa Tenggara (2 isolates). All isolates of multidrug-resistant E. coli 7 isolates were ESBL positive (87.5%) and also contained the blaTEM gene. The presence of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates have been confirmed in deer. Deer should be considered as a source of MDR and ESBL transmission for public health. The conclusion of this study is to reveal the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli originating from deer. The importance of this cross-sector collaboration to monitor antimicrobial resistance
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida in cattle and buffaloes
Get PDFPasteurella multocida (P. multocida) infection is considered one of the highly contagious diseases causing pneumonia in bovine with devastating economic setbacks globally. Recently, inappropriate usage of antimicrobial in treatment and control makes P. multocida resistance to the most prescribed veterinary antibiotics. The current study aimed to detect P. multocida in apparently healthy and diseased (170) cattle and (174) buffalo in four Egyptian governorates, defined some of epidemiological aspect, phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance of P. multocida strains. The overall prevalence in examined cattle and buffalo was 21.2%. The highest infection was in young male (41.5%) in Cairo governorate (24.5%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test of P. multocida isolates showed high prevalence of multi-drug resistance to more than one antimicrobial group as high resistance was recorded against Penicillin-G, Ampicillin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but sensitive to cefquinome. The antimicrobial resistant pattern was confirmed by detection of four antimicrobial resistance genes (tetH, ermX, blaROB1 and aphA1) in four phenotypically drug resistance isolates. The four isolates revealed positive results for resistance genes by PCR assay except one isolate was negative for ermX gene. The result confirms the necessity of reliable use of antimicrobials to avoid the development drug resistance and decrease the economic losses in animal production
Antibacterial effect of the probiotic candidate isolated from kishk sold in Upper Egypt
Get PDFKishk is a traditional dry fermented dairy product prepared from a mixture of salted sour butter milk or yoghurt with wheat grains. Goal was to evaluate the microbiological quality, together with isolation and identification of LAB from kishk and assessed their protective effects against E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. One hundred samples of kishk were randomly obtained from farmers’ houses and food stores in the Assuit province, Egypt. Total viable count and, total yeasts and molds were performed by plating the samples on selective media. Further, LAB were isolated on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar and identified by biochemical tests. The antagonistic effect of the obtained LAB was evaluated against two of foodborne patogens (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in vitro using well diffusion method and in vivo after inoculation in cow’s milk. The average count of total bacterial counts and, total yeasts and molds were 8.13 ± 0.09 and 2.92 ± 0.16 log10 CFU/g, respectively. On the basis of phenotypical examination, LAB were identified and classified into three groups of LAB namely Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Lactococcus. Notably, LAB had more inhibitory activity against against E. coli in comparison to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. However, there was no changes in the mean count of the tested organisms versus control group after inoculation in milk. This study discovered that kishk contain LAB bacteria that have antagonistic properties on E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, kishk could be a useful candidate for the human health
Molecular detection of some antibiotic resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from bovines subclinical mastitis
Get PDFAntimicrobial drug resistance is considered an urgent major global public health threat facing humanity. With the rise in the prevalence and severity of both fatal and crippling illnesses, this crisis will have a catastrophic effect on human society. It doesn’t only affect public health but also causes serious problems in the dairy industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and detection of Escherichia coli that produces extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis cases. Escherichia coli was detected in 26 out of the 100 subclinical mastitis cases. The antibiotic sensitivity revealed that 10 from 26 isolated Escherichia coli were multidrug resistant. The isolates were most frequently resistant to amoxicillin (AMX) at 53.85 %, ampicillin (AMP) at 46.1%, cefotaxime (CTX) at 42.3% followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) at 38.5 %. All the 26 Escherichia coli isolates were tested for Extended Spectrum b-lactamase by using the disc diffusion method, and the same 10 multidrug- resistant isolates were positive for Extended Spectrum b-Lactamases. All ten multidrug resistance and Extended Spectrum b-Lactamases Escherichia coli isolates were identified genetically by the PhoA gene and were found harboured b-Lactamases antibiotic resistance genes blaTEM 100%, blaCTXM 90%, blaSHV 80%, and ampC 80% respectively. The obtained results showed that phenotypic detection of 10 multidrug resistance and Extended Spectrum b-Lactamases isolates were agreed with genotypic molecular detection of b-Lactamases antibiotic resistance genes
Effect of Artemisia extract on Argulus coregoni and Lernaea cyprinacea infestation in carp fish
Get PDFDifferent concentrations of artemisia extract were experimentally tested to treat Lernaea and Argulus infestations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish with different methods. A total number of 210 carps (50 ± 10 g) were collected from private farms at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, and divided into 7-groups in triplicate: G1 negative-control (apparently healthy carps), G2 positive-control (infested carps with Lernaea and Argulus), G3: infested carps treated with dipping in a NaCl solution (5g /L for 5 min. for 3 consecutive days), G4-G5: infested carps treated with dipping in a solution of artemisia extract with concentration 50% and 60% respectively, for 5 minutes, then fishes were accommodated at a recovery tank and inspected for 10 min., G6-G7: infested carps were placed in aquarium supplied with artemisia extract (3 mg/ L and 6mg/L respectively, for 15 consecutive days). The results revealed that artemisia extract had a noticeable positive effect on survival, recovery of infested carps and the parasitic elimination% which increased proportionally with increasing the concentration of the extract, whereas the best results were obtained at G5. Also, there were an improvement in serum biochemical parameters (increased total protein, albumin and globulin with reduced AST, ALT, creatinine and urea), which were proportionally improved with increasing both concentration and the duration of exposure to the extract, (especially at G7). Gross and histopathological examination and alterations of skin, gills, liver and intestine also revealed a noticeable improvement to the normal in the groups treated with artemisia extract in comparison with G2 especially G6 and G7. Consequently, application of artemisia extract is a safe and optimal method for treatment of Argulus and Lernaea parasitism in cultured carp
L-arginine ameliorates acute ocular toxicity induced by cisplatin administration in rats: role of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Get PDFCisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapeutic agent employed as a therapy for different solid tumors. CP elicits many negative side effects including ocular toxicity. L-arginine able to increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in the bloodstream. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective impact of L-arginine against ocular toxicity of cisplatin through its anti-inflammatory action. Forty male rats were utilized in this experiment. The treatment protocol duration lasted for one week. The rats were divided randomly into four equal groups, as follows: the normal control group (G1) received a single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, Cisplatin-administered group (G2) received single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin in a dose (10 mg/kg body weight), Cisplatin + L-arginine-treated group (G3) received i.p. injection of cisplatin in a dose (10 mg/kg b.wt.) followed immediately by i.p. injection of L-arginine in a dose (10 mg/kg b.wt.), and L-arginine-treated group (G4) received intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg b.wt. L-arginine. The protective effect of L-arginine was assessed through histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in ocular tissues. Cisplatin-administered group revealed corneal neovascularization, stromal inflammatory infiltration, corneal epithelial hyperplasia, and endothelial degeneration. Sclera revealed vascular congestion and inflammatory infiltrates. There were congested blood vessels, apoptosis, and a decrease the ganglionic cells number in the retinal tissue. Ciliary body had epithelial necrosis, congestion, and hemorrhage. These pathological changes were attenuated to be mild in the cisplatin + L-arginine-treated group. The intensity of the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS appeared weak and significantly decreased in G3 compared to G2. The obtained data validate that Co-treatment of cisplatin with L-arginine cause a reduction in histopathological ocular damage through its anti-inflammatory effect
Impact of pH and temperature on bacteriocin activity and plantaricin C gene expression of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the effect of different pH (7 and 4) and temperatures (4 and 40°C) on bacteriocin activity and plantaricin C (plnC) gene expression of Lactobacillus plantarium. Six strains of L. plantarum were used in these trials. The bacteriocin activity was measured after the different treatments by well diffusion test using indicator bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7). Moreover, the plnC gene expression was determined by real-time PCR using 16S rRNA primers for universal bacteria and plantacirin C primers. The results declared a significant difference between the different pH and temperatures. In addition, the downregulation of plnC gene expression in pH 4. The upregulation of the same gene was applied to 40 ºC during bacteria incubation. Also, there is no correlation between the bacteriocin activity and plnC gene expression after applying different pH and temperatures in L. plantarum bacteria
Evaluation of the subconjunctival injection of Hesperidin with or without olive oil on the healing of alkali burn corneal ulcer in rabbits
Get PDFCorneal ulcers represent an anxious problem in animals and humans. The alkali burn corneal ulcer is severe and may be associated with damage to most of the corneal structure. The healing of the corneal ulcer is mainly complicated by the impairment of vision. The striving to find a new therapy that promotes the healing of corneal injuries with the maintenance of the power of vision is the main aim of most studies. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hesperidin with or without olive oil after its deposition under conjunctiva on the healing of induced alkali burn corneal ulcers. For carrying out the study, 18 New Zealand albino rabbits were included. They were divided into three equal groups. Group I (control) received 0.5 ml of normal saline 0.9% under the bulbar conjunctiva 5 times at one-week intervals. Group II (H) received 0.5 ml of hesperidin nanovesicles subconjunctivally 5 times at one-week intervals. Group III (HO) received 0.5 ml of nanovesicles of hesperidin with olive oil under the bulbar conjunctiva 5 times one week apart. The right eye of animals was subjected to induction of corneal ulcer using 1% NaOH before the commencement of treatment. The left eye was used as a negative control one. The animals were examined clinically (lacrimation, neovascularization, pus formation, corneal perforation, measurement of corneal ulcer), and with fluorescein test staining every week just before each treatment. The animals were examined on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36 post corneal ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, the treated and nontreated eye samples were collected for histopathological and electron microscopy examination. The results showed an improvement in the total clinical score in groups H and HO especially in the fifth week, while the control group displayed increasing in the inflammatory process of the injured eye throughout the time of experiment. There was a significant difference between both of H and HO groups and the control group in the third, fourth, and fifth weeks. The results of the histopathological and electron microscopy revealed the superiority of hesperidin with olive oil over hesperidin alone in promoting the healing of corneal ulcers (p= 0.045). The current study concluded that the subconjunctival injection of hesperidin with or without olive oil has a beneficial and promoting effect in the healing and regeneration of alkali burn corneal ulcers in rabbits. Moreover, subconjunctival injections can ensure long-term drug maintenance compared to topical methods, which in turn saves time and energy
Effect of duck hatchery waste supplementation as an alternative protein source on growth performance, and income over feed cost of hybrid ducks
Get PDFDuck hatchery waste is an alternative feed ingredient for protein sources in poultry. This study aimed to determine the effect of duck hatchery waste supplementation on growth performance, and income over feed cost of hybrid ducks. A total of 120-day-old male hybrid ducks (body weight: 61.4 g ± 4.9) were randomly divided into three treatments (4 replicates per treatment, 10 ducks per replicate). At 0-14 days of age, ducks were fed the same complete feed in all treatments. After 14 days of age, ducks were fed an experimental diet until 35 days of age. The treatment feed consists of a basal diet (P0), basal diet with 8% hatchery waste (P1), and basal diet with 16% hatchery waste (P2). Supplementation of 8% and 16% duck hatchery waste increased accumulated feed consumption and body weight gain of hybrid ducks on day 35 (P<0.05). However, feeding duck hatchery waste did not affect the feed conversion ratio of hybrid ducks on week 5. In contrast, supplementation of duck hatchery waste decreased the FCR of hybrid ducks at weeks 3 and 4. Furthermore, the inclusion of duck hatchery waste in the duck diet increased revenue generation from duck sales and also increased the IOFC value. In conclusion, supplementation of duck hatchery waste can increase feed intake and body weight gain, duck sales and IOFC value of hybrid ducks