Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Comparative therapeutic effects of tilmicosin phosphate and amoxicillin on clinical outcomes and hematobiochemical variables in buffalo calves with acute respiratory disease: A randomized clinical trial
Full text linkAcute respiratory disease (ARD) in buffalo calves is a major health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in developing countries. It contributes significantly to calf morbidity and mortality, affecting productivity and economic returns in livestock farming. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of tilmicosin and amoxicillin for the treatment of the acute respiratory disease in buffalo calves. For this purpose, 18 buffalo calves were randomly assigned into two treatment groups (9 each). Group 1 was treated with subcutaneous injection of tilmicosin phosphate at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight, and Group 2 was treated with amoxicillin LA at a dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight. Buffalo calves were examined clinically and clinical index scores were recorded before treatemt and at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Additionally, hematological and biochemical investigations were done for each calf. Calves of group 1 showed significant improvements in their clinical index scores (p < 0.01), and a reduction of total leukocyte count in comparison with group 2. However, there was a significant increase in RBCs count, hemoglobin and MCHC% (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the serum globulin and copper (p < 0.05) in group 1 in comparison with group 2 after 14 days post-treatment. However, haptoglobin showed non-significant variation. Moreover, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio showed a significant increase in tilmicosin treated group in comparison with amoxicillin treated one. The results of the present study indicate superior efficacy of tilmicosin for treatment of acute respiratory disease in buffalo calves. More investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of tilmicosin on specific microorganism in this locality
Effect of sex ratio and different egg storage duration on fertility, hatchability, and normality of Kedu chicken eggs
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the effect of the Kedu chicken sex ratio and egg storage duration on fertility, hatchability, and normality of day-old chicks (DOC). Using 288 eggs from 12 hens and 6 roosters, researchers tested three SR groups (SR1=1:3, SR2=1:4, SR3=1:5) and two SD groups (SD1=3 days, SD2=7 days). Data were analyzed using one-way classification and N-way classification with the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software package Ver 6.12. The results showed that that with 3-day storage, SR2 had the highest fertility (89.58%), followed by SR1 (77.08%) and SR3 (72.91%). For 7-day storage, fertility was similar across SR groups (72.91%, 72.91%, and 70.83% respectively). Hatchability peaked at 82.18% (SR3) for 3-day storage and 81.11% (SR2) for 7-day storage. DOC normality was highest in SR1 (97.62%) and SR3 (97.22%) with 3-day storage, and in SD1 (88.69%) with 7-day storage. Analysis of variance showed that storage duration and sex ratio had no significant effect (P>0.05) on fertility, hatchability, or DOC normality. The conclusion of this study is that the optimal sex ratio can be achieved using SR3 (1:5), and the most efficient storage period can be achieved using LP1 (3 days)
Characteristics of production, reproduction, and sperm quality in Kedu chickens
Full text linkKedu chicken is an Indonesian native breed that exhibits promising potential as a layer chicken. This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance, reproductive performance, and sperm quality of Kedu chickens to determine their utilization and selection as superior breeding stocks. Ten roosters and twenty hens were used as samples, and data on body weight, egg weight, day-old chick (DOC) weight, hen day egg production (HDP), fertility, hatchability, DOC normality, and sperm quality were collected. The mean body weights of male and female Kedu chickens were 2395.7 ± 396.8 g and 1667.5 ± 177.86 g, respectively. The average egg weight was 43.52 ± 5.17 g, and the DOC weight was 29.19 ± 4.18 g. The HDP reached 68.89%, demonstrating excellent performance. Egg fertility was recorded at 77.43 ± 4.64%, while hatchability was 79.5± 4.1%. The DOC normality rate was 88.21 ± 8.42%. Semen volume of Kedu roosters was 0.34± 0.16 ml with a pH of 7.04±0.67, and sperm concentration was 3.02±0.43 billion/ml. Individual motility reached 63.06±10.3%, and sperm viability was 56.67±25.88 minutes. However, the sperm abnormality rate was 22.22±4.81%, indicating the need for strict selection of superior males. These results suggest that Kedu chickens have good potential as a source of superior local poultry breeds; however, improved reproductive management and genetic selection programs are necessary to maximize their performance
Molecular and epidemiological aspects related to bovine papular stomatitis in large ruminants in Assiut governorate, Egypt
Full text linkBovine papular stomatitis (BPS) is a widespread epitheliotropic viral disease affects ruminants of all ages and considered a serious risk to public health. In Assiut governorate, there is little information on BPS despite their financial losses. Thus, the goal of this study was to confirm diagnosis on a molecular base, describe the clinical findings of the disease, and study the relationship between some factors that may play a role in the spread of the disease. The present investigation was conducted on 39 cattle and 11 buffaloes that belonged to different villages in Assiut governorate, Egypt. Whole blood and oral lesions swabs samples were taken for laboratory testing. Semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (semi-nested PCR) had been used for detection of BPS virus (BPSV). The viral DNA was detected in 32 cattle and 8 buffaloes. The result of clinical examination indicated that the clinical signs of BPS were oral (ulcers in gum, palate, papillae & tongue), commissure, muzzle, and nostrils lesions with one or more of other clinical signs such as fever, diarrhea, enlarged superficial lymph nodes, corneal opacity, respiratory distress and skin lesions in studied animals. Studying the effect of some factors on the spread of the disease revealed that the prevalence was significantly higher in middle areas of the governorate than in other areas. To lower the prevalence of BPSV, it is recommended to avoid eating hard hay and reeds that cause small abrasion in oral cavity and aid increasing frequency of BPSV infection
Cross-contamination risks and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) strategies in the meat industry: A Review
Full text linkThe meat industry plays a vital role in supplying animal protein; however, it also carries a high risk of cross-contamination, which poses a significant threat to food safety. Cross-contamination can occur at multiple stages of the production chain, including slaughtering, cutting, processing, storage, and distribution, with primary sources stemming from infected animals, contaminated equipment, workers, and the surrounding environment. The consequences include a higher incidence of foodborne diseases, substantial economic losses due to product recalls, and a decline in consumer confidence. To mitigate these hazards, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system is internationally recognized as a science-based and preventive approach. This review discusses the fundamental principles of HACCP, including hazard identification, determination of Critical Control Points (CCP), and the mechanisms of monitoring, verification, and documentation. Furthermore, it explores HACCP implementation across various meat commodities (beef, poultry, pork), highlights differences in application between developed and developing countries, and examines key factors influencing its effectiveness, such as regulatory frameworks, worker training, and the availability of production facilities. Despite persistent challenges—such as implementation costs, limited human resources, and low hygiene awareness technological advancements, including IoT-based sensors, rapid detection methods, and blockchain traceability, offer promising opportunities to strengthen HACCP systems. Integration with other standards (ISO 22000, GMP, SOP) and the move toward a digitalized, smart meat processing industry further reinforces HACCP as a pivotal strategy to ensure food safety and enhance the global competitiveness of the meat industry
Effect of pickling process by using rosella powder-tea proportion on pidan yolk color, proximate value, pH, and vitamin A content
Full text linkPidan (fermented salted eggs) is preservation method using alkaline and tea-based pickling solutions to extend the egg shelf life and develop unique sensory properties. Nutritional facts showed that pidan has benefit for eyes health due to its vitamin A content. This study aimed to get more insight the effect of rosella powder–tea (RP-T) proportion in the pickling process toward yolk color, proximate value, pH, and Vitamin A content of the Pidan. Samples are made by soaking a number of duck eggs for 40 days into the pickling solution containing various percentages (0,25,50, 75, and 100) of roselle powder toward tea portion. The results showed the proportion of RP-T significantly influenced the pidan yolk color, proximate value, and vitamin A content. Single portion of tea or roselle treatment showed a similar lightness on the pidan yolk, while various proportion RP-T reduced the lightness (P < 0.05). The presence of roselle decreased the redness and yellowness yolk (P < 0.05). There was no effect of RP-T proportion to proximate value except protein content that was getting higher caused by roselle presence (P < 0.05). The Optimum level of pidan vitamin A was reached by 75% roselle (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of roselle as a functional ingredient in pidan production, supporting the development of nutritionally enriched traditional food
Effectiveness of feed additive mixture on performance, gut health and antioxidant status of broiler chicken
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of a feed additive mixture of noni (Morinda citrifolia) leaf extract, citric acid, and Lactobacillus acidophilus (NCL) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, duodenal villi height, duodenal crypth depth, and body weight gain. A total of 200 broiler chickens aged 8 days, with an average body weight of 213.875 ± 8.9 g. The experimental design employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, five replications, and 10 broilers per replicate (T0: drinking water only; T1: drinking water + 1% feed additive; T2: drinking water + 2% feed additive; T3: drinking water + 3% feed additive). Administration of NCL through drinking water significantly (P<0.05) increased SOD levels by 1% and 2%. The administration of feed additives via drinking water significantly reduced (P<0.05) MDA levels in T2. Treatments T1, T2, and T3 showed significantly higher (P<0.05) villus heights than the control group (T0), while no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed among T1, T2, and T3. The greatest crypt depth was recorded in T2, whereas the smallest crypt depth was noted in T0. The feed additive mixture (NCL) led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight gain of broiler chickens. In conclusion, combined effects of phytobiotics, acidifiers, and probiotics in NCL can be an effective additive feed approach to improve antioxidant status, gut morphology, and growth performance in broiler chickens
Effect of adding fermented cabbage waste extract to starter feed pellets on the performance of pre-weaning FH calves
Full text linkStarter feed accelerates reticulo-rumen development in pre-weaning calves, but proper care is crucial to reduce the risk of diarrhea. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding fermented cabbage waste extract (FCWE) to starter feed on calf performance. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments (T0: SF without FCWE; T1: SF + 2% FCWE; T2: SF +4% FCWE and T3: SF +6% FCWE) and 5 replications. The materials used were 20 pre-weaned FH calves (initial body weight 39 + 4,35 kg), yellow corn ground, soybean meal, rice bran, molasses, mineral mix, cabbage waste, sugar and salt. Feeding trial was done 8 weeks. Starter feed is given twice a day after milk is given, while forage and water are given ad libitum. The parameters measured were dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), rumen VFA and NH3. The data DMI and ADG were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan’s test, while rumen VFA and NH3 were analyzed with descriptive analysis. The result indicated that there was no significant effect of treatment on dry matter intake, but there was significant effect (P<0.05) of those on average daily gain. Rumen VFA-NH3 is in accordance with standards. In conclusions, starter feed with 6% FCWE improves pre-weaning calf performance and is recommended as the best formula
Effect of use of chia seed flour (Salvia hispanica l.) and carrot flour (Daucus carota l.) at different levels on physico-chemical and organoleptic qualities of chicken sausages
Full text linkThe objective of this research was to evaluate the physical, chemical, and organoleptic qualities of chicken sausages with chia seed flour and carrot flour fillers with different substitution levels. The study design used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications and the treatments included 0% chia seed flour and 0% carrot flour (L0), 3% chia seed flour and 0.75% carrot flour (L1), 6% chia seed flour and 1.5% carrot flour (L2), 9% chia seed flour and 2.25% carrot flour (L3), and 12% chia seed flour and 3% carrot flour (L4). The research data were analysed using analysis of variance and if there was a significant effect, it was analysed further using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The findings showed that chicken sausages with filler substitution of chia seed flour at 12% and carrot flour up to 3% had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on water, protein, fat, and collagen content. The content of protein, fat, and collagen of chicken sausages increased with the use of 9% chia seed flour and 1.5% (L2) carrot flour compared to the control group. The L2 treatment produced the same physical and organoleptic quality compared to the control. The results of the study concluded that the use of 6% chia seed flour and 1.5% carrot flour can improve chemical quality while maintaining physical and organoleptic quality so that it can be applied to making chicken sausages
Grading performance of three-year-old Etawa Grade Buck based on semen quality at The Central Java Artificial Insemination Center, Ungaran
Full text linkThis research aimed to evaluate and rank (grading) individual Etawa Grade buck with the best semen quality at three years of age based on volume, odor, color, viscosity, potential of hydrogen (pH), mass motility, individual motility, abnormality and concentration. The materials used were the semen of six three-year-old Etawa Grade buck at the Central Java Artificial Insemination Center, Ungaran. Semen collection equipment, as well as tools and substances for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, were used in this research. Artificial vagina techniques were used for semen collection. Data analysis used the One Way ANOVA method and the Kruskal-Wallis method, then the grading of superior buck is determined by breeding value. The results of the semen quality evaluation namely, the average volume, pH and motility were significantly different (P<0.05), whereas color, viscosity, odor, mass motility, abnormality and concentration were not significantly different (P>0.05). The total breeding value based on the semen quality of each buck from the highest are Garjito (45), Luhung (44), Ardhani (44), Sahasika (44), Bayanaka (43), and Adinata (42). The most superior and best performing three-years-old Etawa Grade buck based on breeding value assessment judged by semen quality is Garjito