Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
Not a member yet
1269 research outputs found
Sort by
Towards a healthier choice: Investigating no added nitrite beef sausage production using safe alternative approaches
Get PDFReplacing of sodium nitrite from meat processing is a new promising advance in clean label meat products. The current article explored the positive effects of total replacement of sodium nitrite with a combined antimicrobial and antioxidant mixture comprised of 400 ppm nisin (N), 25 ppm Nano sized zinc oxide (Z), 1% chitosan (C) and 1% roselle extract (R) on proximate and fatty acid composition, cooking loss, color analysis and sensory profile of beef sausage. Four types of beef sausage were prepared as following: NT sausage samples as control positive group containing 120 ppm sodium nitrite, NCR samples (400 ppm N, 1% C and 1% R), ZCR (25 ppm Z, 1% C and 1% R) and NZCR samples containing (400 ppm N, 25 ppm Z, 1% C 5and 1% R). The outcomes of the study displayed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.01) in proximate composition of control (NT) and reformulated (NCR, ZCR and NZCR) samples. Concerning fatty acid profiling, saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the predominant portions in all sausage types and oleic acid was the prevalent one, moreover, reformulated sausages exhibited lower SFA and higher MUFA and PUFA improving fat quality of reformulated beef sausage. A significant difference in cooking loss percentage was observed in NZCR sausage samples compared to other sausages. Noteworthy, cooked reformulated sausages kept their red color after cooking and their a* values were close to those of NT. Sensory assessment (odor, taste and overall acceptance) of reformulated sausages were higher than NT especially for NZCR that recorded the highest scores. Overall, our findings established that combination of antimicrobials (nisin and Nano sized ZnO), antioxidant (chitosan) along with Roselle extract (for red color enhancement) could be potentially applied as a possible nitrite replacer to produce healthier product free from sodium nitrite
Machine learning algorithms for clinical mastitis prediction in a dairy herd use automated milking system data
Get PDFBovine clinical Mastitis (CM) is the most important disease in the dairy industry affecting both animal welfare and farm profitability. Therefore, early and accurate detection of the disease is a valuable timely intervention. In this article, six different machine learning classification algorithms were compared to obtain a prediction model for early detection of the disease. These algorithms are Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Classification and Regression Decision Tree, and Random Forest. The algorithms are applied to the milk production of Holstein Friesian cows milked by an automated milking system using the dairy records and disease events. This includes 1493 cows with clinical Mastitis and 2387 healthy cows. The six models were evaluated based on five performance metrics criteria: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC). The accuracy rate ranged from 62% to 74%. The AUC is used to choose the best model. The Decision Tree algorithm and Gaussian Naïve Bayes scored the highest AUC of 71%. However, the Decision Tree algorithm is more stable with respect to other metrics (73% for accuracy and 64% for Precision, Recall, and F1-score). Hence, it can be considered the best predictive CM model with moderate accuracy. Out of the 15 input features, days in milk, age of the animal, lactation order, 305 days mature herd equivalent, and average daily milk yield were the only important features shared in establishing the Decision Tree model
Effectiveness of phytase and nonstarch polysaccharides-degrading enzymes on performance, bone mineralization, litter, and gene expression in broiler chickens fed nutritionally reduced diets
Get PDFEffects of dietary non-starch polysaccharides-degrading enzymes (NSPase) and phytase complex on performance, carcass, bone minerals, litter, and gene expression (IGF, IL-1β, IL-10, TLR-4, CPT1A) were determined in broilers fed corn-soybean nutrient-reduced diets. Totally, 1200 Ross-308 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 treatments, with 6 replicates of 50 birds each; (G1) a control nutrient-adequate diet without enzymes supplementation; (G2) received energy-reduced diet (-100 kcal/kg) with NSPase (100 g/ton Econase®) + phytase (100 g/ton Quantum Blue®; 5,000 FTU/g); (G3) received energy-reduced diet (-80 kcal/kg) with NSPase (250 g/ton Enziver®) + phytase (100 g/ton Phytonex®; 5,000 FTU/g); (G4) received as G3 diet with a 0.5% decrease in crude protein (CP). For all energy-reduced diets, the nutritional matrix of phytase with reductions of phosphorus (P) (0.15%), and calcium (Ca) (0.165%) was considered. Dietary NSPase and phytase supplementation to a low-energy diet significantly (P<0.05) enhanced body weights, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and litter quality (lowered nitrogen, phosphorous, and calcium excretion in broiler manure), with constant bone mineralization. No significant effects (P>0.05) on carcass or blood biochemistry. Energy and CP-reduced diet showed better feed intake, immune organ weights, and mineral bioavailability by decreasing Alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, upregulated gene expression of IGF-1 in muscles, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1B and IL-10), immune-related genes (TLR-4) in the liver, and (CPT1A) responsible for energy production. Conclusively, dietary NSPase with phytase compensated for up to 0.5% CP, 100 kcal ME/kg, and 0.15% and 0.165% units of Av.P and total Ca, with improving broiler performance and environmental impacts
Dose-dependent effects of phytase supplementation in the diets of Hubbard Broiler Chicks on production performance, economic efficiency, physical meat quality, and intestinal histomorphometry
Get PDFThe addition of microbial phytase is crucial for lowering the reliance on inorganic forms of phosphorus and enhancing the absorption of various minerals. The present investigation sets out to ascertain the optimal outcomes of dose-dependent phytase supplementation on production performance, economic efficiency, physical meat quality, and intestinal histomorphometry in Hubbard broiler chickens. A total of 270-days-old Hubbard broilers were distributed randomly among six groups. The experimental setup consisted of: Group 1 (G1) served as the control and was provided with standard basal diets, while G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6 were supplemented with standard basal diets containing 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200gm/ton of phytase, respectively. Weekly recordings of productive performance were conducted throughout the experimental duration. At the end of the study, specimens of both intestine and meat were collected from every pen. The best outcomes regarding body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were noted for G5 and G6. The economic appraisal revealed that G6 had the lowest feed costs per kilogram of body weight and the highest revenue and economic efficiency. Intestinal morphological examination supported these findings, showed that phytase supplementation significantly improved villi length and crypt depth, with the greatest enhancement seen in groups G5 and G6. Water holding capacity and shear force exhibited notable increases in G5 and G6. In conclusion, incorporating a higher dosage of phytase (200gm/ton) in broiler diets has the potential to decrease overall feed costs per kilogram of body weight gain, enhance growth performance, economic efficiency, and intestinal histomorphometry, and have no adverse effects on meat quality
Microbial contamination of meat at a low temperature storage: A review
Get PDFBeef, mutton, lamb, and camel are all high-quality protein sources in Egypt and around the world. Red meat with a protein content of about 20%, a high moisture content (75%), fat (5.2%), carbohydrate (1.5%), vitamins such as vitamin B complex, and minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, and phosphorus are important in human nutrition because they can meet a portion of man's daily needs for these nutrients. Low temperature storage of meat either at chilling or freezing conditions is very popular worldwide for the purposes of meat security, meat transportation, and overseas trade. However, the microbial quality of the meat at low temperature storage represents a challenging task for both the food safety and public health sectors. Â This review threw the light on the microbial status of chilled and frozen meat with a particular focus on the contamination of meat with Pseudomonas spp
Prevalence of intestinal helminths of the Silver grunt (Pomadasys Kaakan) and black finned sea bream (Spondyliosoma cantharus) fish collected from Kuwait
Get PDFClimate change has caused extensive changes to marine ecosystems in recent decades; this might lead to an increase in marine disease. Parasite infestation in silver grunt and black finned sea bream is still few. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminthes of 60 sample of Silver grunt and 60 samples of black finned sea bream species collected from Kuwait fish markets. The result revealed that the total infection rate in each species was 58.3% and 33.3% respectively. Â The endoparasite worms found in the intestine of Silver grunt were Procamallanus sinespinis which recorded the highest infestation rate 26.6% with intensity 2, followed by Aephnidiogenes senegalensis (25%) followed by Prosorhynchus indicus (18.3%) with intensity 4 for each, Anisakis physeteris and Aniskais simplex with infestation rate 11.6, 8.3%, respectively and intensity of 2 and 4, respectively. In addition, the endoparasite worms found in the intestine of black finned sea bream was Hysterothylacium fabri (8.3%). Histopathological examination of infested intestine showed necrosis, degenerative changes, and congestion of intestinal blood vessels
Molecular and immune-histochemical changes in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella and the protective effect of some anti-coccidial drugs
Get PDFChicken coccidiosis is an inflammatory disease caused by the apicomplexan protozoal parasite Eimeria. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines activate hepatocyte receptors in the liver, altering the production and release of numerous proteins known as acute phase proteins (APPs), which eradicate pathogenic germs, repair tissue damage, and promote health. These proteins have a significant impact on defense systems. The current investigation evaluated the levels of several acute phase proteins (haptoglobin (PIT54), ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen) in the blood, their gene expression in the liver as well as the immunohistochemistry changes in the caecum and bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected with E. tenella before and after treatment with two different anticoccidial drugs (diclazuril and toltrazuril). The obtained results revealed that E. tenella infection in chickens produced considerable activation of numerous APPs, including haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin. Furthermore, the challenged birds’ caecum showed a high sensitivity to CD4, CD8, and SIgA. Anticoccidial medicines such as diclazuril or toltrazuril could considerably lower such APPs indicators and immunohistochemical alterations. In conclusion, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin are considered as biomarkers for the APPs measurement in birds challenged with Eimeria. Moreover, diclazuril and toltrazuril are regarded as ideal anticoccidial medications to be used during chicken farming
Production and characterization of partially purified thermostable alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis SFL for blood destaining and dehairing applications
Get PDFMicrobial proteases have been preferred over animal and plant proteases because of their basic properties and ease of production. Bacillus subtilis SFL, an alkaline-thermal protease-producing bacterium was isolated from different sources of wastewater and identified using morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The 16S rDNA sequence has been deposited in GenBank with accession number OP714187. Partial purification of alkaline protease was performed by precipitation by 60% ammonium sulfate and ethyl acetate by the ratio (1:1) and column chromatography (gel filtration) by using a sephadex G-100. The optimum temperature and pH of the partially purified alkaline-thermal protease of Bacillus subtilis SFL was at 40°C and pH 8.0. Our results show that 40 g/l of meat extract and 12 g/l of xylose serve as the best nitrogen and carbon sources respectively for the production of this enzyme. The effect of tested metal ions indicated that Mg+2, Ca+2, Na+, Fe+2, Cu+2, Co+2 and Cd+2 inhibited the activity of the protease from Bacillus subtilis SFL. The crude and partially purified protease from B. subtilis SFL substantially degraded red blood cells, distained blood color, dehaired cow skin and decomposed cow hair
Cytological, hormonal, and ovarian hemodynamic alteration during the normal oestrus and split heat cycles in bitches
Get PDFHormonal levels, particularly progesterone (P4), could be used to predict the day of luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, which is important not only for optimum ovulation but also for the detection of some abnormalities such as split heat. This study aimed to determine cytological, hormonal, and ovarian vascularity changes in normal cyclic and split heat bitches during proestrus and estrous phases. Pluriparous females (n=40) were categorized into two groups as follows: Group A (n=35; with a normal sequence of oestrus cycle) and Group B (n=5; split heat females with a short duration of proestrus). Doppler and hormonal assessments were performed daily from day 0 until day 15. Compared to Group B, both ovarian arteries (OA) Doppler indices decreased in Group A, with the most significant decline occurring between days 7 and 12. While peak velocity (PSV; cm/sec) was elevated in Group A compared to its value in Group B. In Group A, estradiol (E2) levels were higher (P 0.05) than in Group B, with the most significant increase observed between days 7-12. Group A showed an increase in nitric oxide (NO) from days 8 to 12 with no change in split heat bitches (P<0.05). P4 levels were slightly elevated (P<0.05) until they reached 3.5±0.09 and 8.25±0.22 ng/ml on days 10 and 15, respectively. Nevertheless, bitches showed split heat in Group B, P4 level was low. In Group A, IGF-1 levels were elevated in the proestrus phase until day 9 (155.32±5.26) and in the estrous phase until day 15 (175.56±3.66) compared to other groups. In Group B, the dominance of small intermediate cells and RBCs on all days remained unchanged on all days, in contrast to Group A, where cornified cells began to dominate on day 15. In conclusion, these data suggested that the evaluation of ovarian hemodynamics, in addition to hormonal and cytological assessments, could be critical parameters not only for the optimum ovulation prediction by progesterone assay related to LH but also for the detection of any abnormalities such as split heat or irregular estrous interval
Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Captive Lions in Egypt
Get PDFA coprological survey was conducted to determine the types and prevalence of internal parasites in captive African lions (Panthera leo) in Egypt. Individual fecal samples were collected from 30 lions of different ages and gender from Giza Zoo and different circuses over a 1-year period. Young, aged lions were suffered from weight loss, lethargy, and mild decrease in appetite with mild gastrointestinal symptoms and vomiting with presence of adult toxascaris leonina in vomitus of 3 of them while adult ones show normal body condition without any symptoms. Fecal samples were subjected for macroscopic examination then examined using flotation and sedimentation techniques to assess the presence of parasite eggs and oocysts. The overall prevalence of helminth infections was 33.33% (10/30). Eggs of Toxascaris leonina were found in the feces of 6 (6/10, 60%) lions and Taenia species in 4 (4/10, 40%) lions. In conclusion, due to the increased number of lions in Egypt either for the purpose of acquisition or for work in show as in circus and in the zoo, therefore, diseases that affect lions must be taken into consideration. Parasitic disease is of veterinary importance for lions, but future work including other parasitic, bacterial and viral infections, epidemiology, disease distribution, line of prevention and control for each problem are required