Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth in soil irrigated with wastewater in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt with a reference to the seasonal variation
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to assess the extent of parasitological contamination of soil irrigated with wastewater. Samples were randomly collected including soil, and water samples from which soils were watered. Samples were taken from different locations in Sharkia governorate, in the east of Nile Delta, Egypt. Such locations were irrigated from water canals, namely El-Ganabia, Sherwida, El-mahmodyia, El-Senety, and Saft Zerek. The samples were collected monthly during September 2021 to September 2022. More than half of the collected samples (60.7%) tested significantly positive for parasite contamination. The largest proportion of pollution was found in areas near the El-Senety Canal with a rate of infection (80%), whereas soil samples near the Moias Canal area had significantly the lowest (40%). 40.8% of positive samples had one parasite species, whereas 37.9% and 11.5% of positive samples were infected with parasites
Monitoring of Helicobacter pylori in chicken products
Get PDFA total of 200 samples of chicken products collected randomly from Quesna and El-Bagour in Menoufia governorate. The collected samples were represented by chicken breast, thigh, gizzard and liver (50 of each) and subjected to bacteriological examination for detection of Helicobacter species particularly, Helicobacter pylori. Further, the effect of L. rhamnosus culture to control such serious pathogen contaminating chicken products was studied. Helicobacter spp detected in 4%, 6%, 12% and 20% of breast, thigh, gizzard and liver, respectively and H. pylori represent 4%, 4% 6% and 10% from this examined samples, respectively. H. pylori inoculated chicken fillet (1×106 /g) which are not treated with  Lactobacillus rhamnosus (control +ve) showed increase in prevalence of H. pylori 1.0×106, 1.3×106, 1.9×106 and 2.4×106 at zero time, 1st day, 2nd day and 3rd day, respectively.  While chicken fillets treated with L. rhamnosus (1x106 /g) Effect on prevalence of H. pylori inoculated into chicken fillets with a reduction percent of 35%, 52% and 69% but  L. rhamnosus (1x107 /g) showed remarkable reduction of H. pylori prevalence with a reduction percent of 54%, 67% and 81% at 1st day, 2nd day and 3rd day, respectively. L. rhamnosus effected on virulence genes of H. pylori isolated from treated chicken fillet as L. rhamnosus (1x106/g) destructed cagA gene and L. rhamnosus (1x107/g) destructed cagA and vacA genes so using of Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture as a method of control has a good effect on prevalence of H. pylori and its virulence genes in chicken fillets and L. rhamnosus (1x107 /g) more effective than L. rhamnosus (1x106 /g).Â
Assessment the efficacy of some herbes in the prevention of steroid induced hepatopathy in dog
Get PDFMedicinal plants play a crucial role in the treatment and prevention of steroid- induced hepatopathy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of some herbes to reduce the steroid- induced hepatopathy. Twenty mongrel dogs were included in the experimental study. Dogs were divided into four groups each group consisting of five animals; Group I received dexamethasone, Group II received dexamethasone and concentrated milk thistle (silymarin), Group III received dexamethasone and L-carnitine, Group IV received dexamethasone and liquorice powder. Clinical, blood samples, ultrasound were done on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Haemato- biochemical analysis indicated a significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit value, a significant decrease in white blood cells count, a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and a significant increase in total protein and albumin levels in silymarin treated Group II, L-carnitine treated Group III and liquorice treated Group IV compared to Group I. Ultrasonography revealed an increase in echogenicity of liver parenchyma in hepatopathic induced dogs and returned to nearly normal in Group II and Group III. In conclusion, the medicinal plants have a potential effect in treatment and prevention of steroid induced hepatopathy
Evaluation the effectiveness of Chrysomya marginalis maggots extract in controlling land snail Theba pisana
Get PDF Maggots of some blowflies (Diptera: calliphoridae) are typically used in a wide range of medical and forensic applications. One of these flies is Chrysomya marginalis. This fly has not received attention in the researches in Egypt. Accordingly, we start to examine the effect of Chrysomya marginalis maggots extract on the land snails. Nevertheless, the effect of this extract on the environment is still under research. Thus, the present investigation was performed to determine the median lethal concentration of Chrysomya marginalis maggots extract (96-h LC50) and to evaluate the effectiveness of maggots extract in controlling land snails Theba pisana by measuring levels of biochemical, oxidative and antioxidant parameters and the analysis at the molecular level. The results showed that LC50 of maggots extract for T. pisana for 96 hrs was 235.5 g/l. 1/2, 1/4 and 1/10 LC50 (117.75, 58.875 and 23.55 g/l) values were chosen for sublethal studies for 28 days. The results indicated that aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were significantly higher, while total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) levels were significantly higher in maggots extract-exposed snail compared to the control. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly higher, while catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly higher in maggots extract-exposed snail as opposed to the control group. A significant down-regulation was noticed in gene expression levels of Cu-Zn SOD in the exposed group. On the other hand, exposure to tested extract caused significantly up-regulated gene expression levels of HSP 70 compared with the control group. In conclusion, Chrysomya marginalis maggots extract caused alteration in biochemical, and antioxidant activities and gene expressed changes
Effect of whey protein isolate on keeping quality and shelf life of minced meat
Get PDFMinced meat is a widely consumed and popular meat product, known for its high nutritional value. However, it is prone to contamination by a multitude of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this work was to improve the keeping quality and safety of chilled minced meat by using whey protein isolate (WPI) at different concentrations 1, 3, and 5% to assess their effect on the sensory attributes, chemical parameters (pH, total volatile nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid and amino acid content), and bacteriological status including total bacterial count, enterobacteriaceae count, coliform count, and staphylococcal count in minced meat stored at 4°C for 12 days, in addition, detection of some staphylococcal enterotoxins. The results showed that adding different concentrations of WPI improved the treated minced meat samples sensory qualities when compared to the control samples. WPI also improved the chilled minced meat's chemical properties by lowering pH, total volatile nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid values while raising the amount of essential amino acids when compared to the control group. Furthermore, WPI significantly reduced the bacterial counts. Among the different concentrations tested, 5% of WPI exhibited the most significant improvement in terms of sensory, chemical, and bacterial quality, surpassing the effects observed with 1% and 3% concentrations. Incidence of Staph. aureus in the control group and the minced meat treated with 1% and 3% WPI was 60%, 20%, and 20% respectively. However, no Staph. aureus was isolated from the treated samples with 5% WPI. In control samples, enterotoxins A, A+C, and A+D were detected in 20% of each of the examined samples, respectively; enterotoxin D was detected in 20% of sample treated with 3% WPI; enterotoxin A+C was detected in 20% of sample treated with 1% WPI. The study concluded that utilizing WPI as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial preservative for refrigerated minced meat can extend its shelf life up to 12 days, in contrast to the control group, which spoiled completely within 6 days of chilled storage
Effect of Jerusalem artichoke chitosan nanoparticles on shrimp popcorn shelf life and quality
Get PDFJerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a crop that basically originated in countries of central-eastern North America. The tuber of the plant contains inulin, a fructose polymer. The degraded product is called oligofructose which is extensively used in the food industry. In recent decades, chitosan nanoparticles (NPs), a potential polymeric and bio-based NP, have attracted a lot of attention. They have considerable promise as functional elements that enhance the application of antimicrobial activity in food packaging, as well as nanocarriers that encapsulate items like medications or active compounds, convey them to a specific region or site, and enable a controlled release. One option for extending the shelf life of food is nanotechnology, which makes it possible to create active food packaging that combines the qualities of antimicrobial agents and external barriers. In this case, we combine chitosan nanoparticles with Jerusalem artichoke plant. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to assess, by sensory, chemical, and microbiological tests, the effects of Jerusalem artichoke chitosan nanoparticles on the shelf life and quality of shrimp popcorn at different concentrations (0.02, 0.2, and 0.5%). Samples treated with Jerusalem artichoke chitosan nanoparticles saw a 12-day shelf-life extension at 4 ± 1 °C, but untreated samples only saw a 6-day shelf-life extension at the same temperature. On the other hand, the data obtained showed that during the storage period (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12) days, shrimp popcorn samples treated with 0.5% Jerusalem artichoke chitosan nanoparticles significantly reduced the total aerobic bacterial count (TBC), total coliforms count, and total yeast and mould count
Supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Amphora coffeaeformis nanoparticles (Am NPs) enhances the growth performance, redox status, digestion, immune responses, and defense against Aeromonas veronii
Get PDFA frequent species of microalgae in alkaline brackish, marine, and freshwater is Amphora coffeaeformis. It has a high concentration of physiologically active chemicals with antibacterial, anti-obesity, and antioxidant properties, as well as pigments involved in photosynthetic respiration, including as carotenoids and chlorophyll, that are effective in a range of medical applications. The current study sought to determine the effects of varying dosages of Amphora coffeaeformis nanoparticles (Am-NPs) incorporated diet on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which were weighted at 15±0.5 g and 9±0.5 cm in length, on growth performance, immunological, digestive enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activities, as well as histological examination of the intestinal villi and resistance to Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii). Four experimental groups (each with 80 fish) were run in duplicate. For four weeks, Amphora nanoparticles (Am NPs) at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/kg diet were added to the following three groups, while the first additive-free basal diet functioned as the control group. After the feeding trial, fish were exposed to an infection of pathogenic bacteria (A. veronii) with 9×108 CFU/ml. Supplementing with (Am-NPs) during the experiment period, specifically 7.5 g/kg diet (P˂0.05), significantly improved the following: immunological parameters such as liver Nitric oxide (NO) and plasma IgM and IgG; biochemical parameters such as liver tissue alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase, plasma lipase, and amylase; and growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, and length gain rate). The villus height, the villus height to crypt depth ratio and and the number of goblet cells were significantly (P<0.05) increase in the fish fed Am Nps especially at 7.5 g/ kg diet when compared with control group which had the lowest values. Additionally the supplemented groups showed a substantial (P<0.05) decrease in the crypt depth of the villus when compared to control group. Our results showed that the groups treated with Am-NPs had a relative percent survival (RPS) of 65-85% against the infection of pathogenic Aeromonas veronii bacteria, compared to a control group that had an RPS of 0%. In conclusion, Amphora coffeaeformis offers several advantages, the chief among them being that it is a significant food source. Additionally, it has a range of physiologically active substances with antibacterial, immunological, antioxidant, and biochemical properties that are used in numerous medicinal applications
Bovine fasciolosis in two Algerian slaughterhouses: Prevalence and assessment of liver suitability for human consumption
Get PDFFasciolosis, a hepatobiliary distomatosis affecting domestic ruminants and incidentally humans, poses a threat to both animal and public health, leading to substantial economic losses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered in Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, and to describe the morphological and histological changes in the liver. A total of 376 bovine carcasses slaughtered between July 2018 and April 2019 underwent post mortem inspection, and corresponding livers were investigated for fasciolosis according to conventional meat inspection procedures. Twenty-six livers, found to be affected with fasciolosis, were sampled at five different sites for histopathological analysis using both hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain methods. The overall prevalence was 6.9% (CI 4.4-9.5%). Gross changes related to bovine fasciolosis, including size, color, and consistency abnormalities as well as the worms’ migratory path and distomian cholangitis, were not observed in the majority of the affected livers. Additionally, the infestation degree was low in 56.5% of the fasciolosis-affected livers. In contrast, numerous histopathological damages, including infiltrations, degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis, were revealed in hepatic parenchyma, connective septa, portal region, and bile ducts throughout all the sampled liver tissues (P> 0.05). Hepatic involvement observed in both the acinus and portal lobule throughout their respective zones was quantified with a degree ranging from 25% to 100% (P> 0.05). Fasciolosis, a common disease in cattle slaughtered in Tizi Ouzou, induces irreversible hepatic tissue damage, thereby compromising the organoleptic and nutritional value of the liver, making it unfit for human consumption
Forms of avian reovirus in poultry production: An overview
Get PDFThis review article focuses on avian reovirus (ARV) regarding the virus characters, susceptibility and transmission, the different clinical forms, laboratory diagnosis, and preventive measures. Despite most of ARV strains are abundant and innocuous, they are responsible for many diseases conditions in poultry industry. The pathogenic ARV strains induce great economic losses including growth retardation, increasing culling rate, high mortality rate, immunosuppression, and increasing the carcass rejection rate at processing. Strains of ARV belong to the family Reoviridae and genus Orthoreovirus are non-enveloped and double-stranded RNA. Almost all of avian species are susceptible to infection especially at young ages. The virus rapidly spreads among flocks via the horizontal, vertical, and mechanical routes. The infection with ARV is mainly associated with arthritis/ tenosynovitis and runting stunting syndrome. However, other clinical pictures such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, and respiratory disease are also related to ARV infections. Laboratory diagnosis is based on isolation and characterization of the virus using conventional methods of detection. Nevertheless, recent molecular techniques are also regarded as suitable for the efficient diagnosis. Serological detection of specific ARV antibodies have been also applied. Adoption of hygienic measures and vaccination with live or inactivated vaccines are the most suitable methods for the prevention of field ARV infections
A systematic review on the seroprevalence and global distribution pattern of paratuberculosis in small ruminant and deer herds
Get PDFParatuberculosis, also known as Johne's disease, is a chronic wasting disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subs paratuberculosis (MAP) in ruminants. Paratuberculosis causes a significant reduction of milk production in the affected dairy sheep or goats and increase the cost of diagnosis, treatment, and culling of the infected animals. Paratuberculosis is currently recognised as a disease of major economic significance in cattle, sheep, goats, and wild ruminants globally. Recent reports also suggest that paratuberculosis affects wild ruminants and farmed deer. Despite the widespread occurrence of MAP, there are variations in the seroprevalence and global distribution patterns of disease among small ruminants and deer herds due to the influence of interacting epidemiological variables in different places. This systematic review aims to provide insights on the current global seroprevalence status and distribution pattern of paratuberculosis among small ruminants and deer herds. The review compiled, analyzed, and narratively synthesized 36 eligible research articles published between January 1, 2010, and January 31, 2024, from the SCOPUS and PubMed databases based on the 22-point Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. The average global seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in sheep was 14.02% (0.7–66.8), with the highest rate in Canada (66.8%) and the lowest in Austria (0.7%). Comparatively, the average global seroprevalence in goats was 18.44% (0.3–83), with the highest rate in Canada (83%) and the lowest in the West Indies (0.3%). The average global prevalence of paratuberculosis in deer was 14.76% (3.7–30.2), with the highest rate in Spain (30.2%) and the lowest rate in the Czech Republic (3.7%). This review revealed that Canada is a hot spot for both caprine and ovine paratuberculosis, and there were higher global seroprevalence rates in goats than sheep and deer. The lack of data on the seroepidemiology of paratuberculosis among small ruminant stock in Southeast Asia and other regions is a gap in our current knowledge of its distribution. Therefore, seroprevalence surveys of paratuberculosis among small ruminant and deer livestock are required to furnish information for planning suitable interventions in these areas