Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Multidrug resistance to antibiotics in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from bats on Lombok Island, Indonesia
Get PDFWild animals such as bats usually do not receive antibiotic therapy, however bats can have bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotics due to water contamination from pharmaceutical factory waste disposal, expired medicines that are thrown away carelessly, feces and urine that pollute the environment. This research aimed to look at cases of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bats on the island of Lombok, Indonesia. A total of 135 bat rectal swab samples were taken using sterile cotton buds. Isolation of E. coli bacteria using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media then looking at morphology and biochemical tests. The bacterial sensitivity test used the disk diffusion method using seven antibiotics, namely the antibiotics amoxicillin, ciprofloxacine, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, cefotaxime and azithromycin. The research results showed that from 135 samples tested, 97 samples were positive for E. coli. Samples that were positive for E. coli were tested for sensitivity, showing that 41 (41/97, 42.26%) samples were still sensitive to all tested antibiotics and 56 samples experienced resistance with the results of samples experiencing resistance to the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) as many as 40 samples ( 41.2%), amoxicillin (AML) 25 samples (25.7%), tetracycline (TE) 23 samples (23.7%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT) 21 samples (21.6%), ciprofloxacine (CIP) 14 samples (14.4%), gentamicin (CN) 1 sample (1%), and for cefotaxime (CTX) 0 samples experienced resistance (0%), and 15 samples experienced multidrug resistance. These results explain that bats in caves on the Indonesian island of Lombok act as transmitters of MDR E. coli to public health.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (5′ UTR and 3′ UTR) of HSP70 gene in some Western Sudan indigenous cattle
Get PDFHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are a considerable family of evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones that play an important role in protecting cells against cellular stressors. HSP70 is a sensitive, and superabundant gene associated with heat stress’s physiological adaptability. This research aimed to identify the polymorphisms in 5’ - 3’ untranslated regions (5’ UTR and 3′ UTR) of the HSP70 gene in western Sudan indigenous cattle. The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of Sudanese Red Fulani, Nyalawi, and Messeri cattle, and analyzed using the Sangar sequencing method. The results showed that the existence of 5 SNPs of g.802C>T, g.895C/-, g.1125A>C, g.1128G>T, and g.1204T>C at 5’ UTR and one SNP of g.64T>G at 3′ UTR. The moderate polymorphic informative content (PIC) and highest effective number of allele values were detected in SNP of g.895C/- (1.97) and g.64T>G (1.88) in Sudanese Red Fulani and indicated that these SNPs are highly polymorphic. The deletion of Cytosine (g.895C/-) and G (g.64T>G) alleles were the most frequent while the (--) and (GT) genotypes were the most frequent among these cattle. The chi-square (χ2) test revealed that the genotype frequency for the HSP70 gene disagreed with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p>0.05). This research is the first study concerned with HSP70 polymorphisms in Western Sudanese cattle. Thus, the results concluded that the HSP70 gene in (5’ UTR and 3′ UTR) in all studied cattle was polymorphic. The 2 SNPs of g.895C/- and g.64T>G are useful molecular markers to assist selection for thermal adaptation in Sudanese cattle breeds
Organochlorine pesticide residues in some marketed fish species in Egypt
Get PDFFish can be considered as an ideal food as it contains high protein content, minerals, vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are characterized by their low cost, severe toxicity against a wide array of pests, long duration of action and stability in the environment. OCPs have been used for many years in African countries, particularly in Egypt. Despite being outlawed everywhere, OCPs are still being used illegally. One of the main responsibilities of the food safety and public health sectors is to guarantee the safety and wholesomeness of such food products before they are made available to the general public. In order to determine the residual OCP contents in retailed tilapia, catfish, mullet, saurus, and pagrus, this study was conducted. The obtained results in the current investigation revealed the detection of OCPs at 80%, 50%, 20%, 15%, and 15% in the examined catfish, tilapia, mullet, saurus, and pagrus, respectively. Different OCPs were detected at variable concentrations; however, such concentrations were within the established permissible limits in Egypt. In conclusion, OCPs are still detected in different aquatic species and residual concentrations can be detected in different fish species retailed in the Egyptian fish markets. Therefore, it is highly advised to continuously check for OCP residues in fish
A case of sterility associated with SRY-negative 64, XY in Egyptian Arabian mare: cytogenetics, molecular and hormonal analyses
Get PDFInherited disorders are one of the reasons of infertility and economic losses for the equine industry. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities is rising due to the use of sex chromosome linked molecular markers. Here, a rare sterile five-year-old Arabian mare with XY male chromosomes is presented. The phenotype was corresponded to female with normal external genitalia. By transrectal ultrasound, there were hypoplastic ovaries and aplasia of uterine horns. Chromosome analysis was accomplished on blood samples using conventional, and G-banding techniques and confirmed by PCR and hormonal analysis. Although the karyotype (2n = 64, XY) revealed a typical male arrangement, it was SRY gene negative and amelogenin gene positive for X and Y chromosome. Hormonal analysis showed slight estrogenic activity of the ovary, but low progesterone and anti-mullerian hormones levels. In conclusion, this case of sex reversal mare (SRY-negative 64, XY) was recorded using cytogenetic, genetic, and hormonal analysis. Cytogenetics and molecular screening could be used as a fast approach for reproductive disorders evaluation in equine to save money, effort, and time of breeders
Efficacy of Moringa oleifera, lactoferrin and Syner-tox in counteracting aflatoxin effects in broiler chickens
Get PDFThe main strategy in poultry production, is the elimination of mycotoxin adverse impacts. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of Moringa oleifera (MO), Lactoferrin (LF), and Syner-tox (ST) in preventing the adverse impact of aflatoxin (AF). 180 eight-day-old broiler chicks divided into nine equal groups (20 each) as follows: Gp1 served as normal non-treated group, Gp2 served as AF non-treated group, Gp3 served as AF + MO treated group, Gp4 served as AF + LF treated group, Gp5 served as AF + ST treated group, Gp6 served as AF + MO + ST treated group, Gp7 served as AF + LF+ ST treated group, Gp8 served as AF + MO + LF treated group, Gp9 served as AF + MO + LF + ST treated group. The used dose of AF was 0.25 mg/kg diet, MO was 3 g/kg diet, LF was 250 mg/kg diet and ST 0.5 ml/liter/5days/week for 4 weeks. A significant reduce in growth performance, many hematological indices, and free amino acid along with modification in antioxidant markers. Conversely, increase in serum nitric oxide, liver and kidney biomarkers and malondialdehyde in liver contents with histopathological changs were observed in AF non-treated. The supplementation of MO, LF and/or ST showed strong antioxidant properties. Furthermore, these treatments enhanced the chickens' immune systems and restored all histopathological alters recorded in AF non-treated Gp. Therefore, the use of MO and LF the elemination of aflatoxins in poultry feed is suggested as it is cheap and safe.
In vivo and in vitro assessment of the anti-mycoplasma activity of Curcumin nanoparticles and their impact on health and performance of broiler chickens
Get PDFGlobally, the poultry production industry is growing at a rapid pace. Mycoplasma is a disease that causes an enormous financial loss to the poultry farming industry. Lately, there have been reports of avian mycoplasmosis resistance to multiple antibiotics especially macrolides. Thus, the purpose of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of curcumin nanoparticles (Curcumin-NPs) against Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in vitro and in vivo as a possible alternative for antibiotics. In vitro investigations were used to determine the curcumin-NPs' minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) versus MG and MS. To conduct in vivo research, 216 birds were divided into nine groups, each consisting of 24 birds in triplicate and 8 birds apiece. The groups were as follows: G1 was given an MG challenge; G2 received an MG challenge and 0.5% curcumin-NPs; G3 received an MG challenge and 1% curcumin-NPs; G4 MG challenged and treated with tilmicosin, G5 challenged with MS; G6 infected with MS and supplied with 0.5% curcumin-NPs; G7 infected with MS and supplied with 1% curcumin-NPs; G8 received an MS challenge and treated with tilmicosin and G9 were the control negative group. The conclusion is that Curcumin-NPs demonstrated in vitro anti-mycoplasma activities; adding 1% curcumin-NPs to the drinking water for five days was a much more potent treatment than adding 0.5% curcumin-NPs and tilmicosin for the control of MG and MS infections in broiler chickens; the treated birds showed improved lipid profiles, better FCR, body weight gain, and a noticeable decrease in the sternness of clinical manifestations as well as lesions score. Additionally, a notable enhancement in renal function (urea & creatinine), hepatic enzymes (ALT & AST), and antioxidant status (Catalase, GSH, and MDA). There has also been a notable advancement in lipid profile. For five days, the use of 1% curcumin-NPs in the drinking water is advised as a secure and efficient treatment for avian mycoplasmosis in broiler chickens
Impact of adding nano-selenium on the quality of diluted buck semen preserved by cooling during summer and winter
Get PDFBucks reproductive performance can be improved by artificial insemination technique, that affected by many factors the most important one is semen quality, which is affected by the methods of semen preservation cooling and freezing. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of adding different concentrations of antioxidant as Nano-selenium to the diluted buck semen during preservation by cooling in both summer and winter seasons. Eight mature healthy Zaraibi bucks were used in the study. Semen samples were collected by an electro- ejaculator twice per week during summer 2021 (August, September) and winter (January, February). Samples were pooled and diluted by extender then divided to experimental groups: Group 1: Nano-selenium: 100 μL / 100 ml and Group 2: 200 μL / 100 ml.  Then the groups cooled for measuring some semen parameters and seminal antioxidant activities after 1 h from adding and at 8 hours then every 8 hrs up to 64 hr. Nano selenium 200 μL / 100 ml has a favorable impact on diluted buck semen during cooling preservation during summer and winter
The use of ractopamine as a feed additive: A review
Get PDFRactopamine hydrochloride is a β-adrenergic agonist that increases growth, feed efficiency, and fat deposition. Because of its ability to increase muscling, average daily gain, efficiency, and carcass weight, ractopamine hydrochloride has been used as a feed additive growth enhancer. Ractopamine is also a member of the phenylethanolamine class of chemicals, which is used as a feed supplement in meat-producing animals. This review threw the light on the use of ractopamine to improve weight gain and as a feed addition. Furthermore, the potential negative health effects of ractopamine were explored
Prevalence of bacteriological and parasitological causes of diarrheic calves in middle Egypt
Get PDFNeonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), is one of the prime fundamental health issues facing the cattle industry, and has resulted in significant economic losses. This study aimed at detection of the enteric pathogens in diarrheic calves. Another objective was to correrlate the existence of isolated enteric pathogens to the age and seasonal distribution of diarrheic parasitic and bacterial infections among calves. The bacterial isolates were identified biochemically and serologically. Moreover the samples were examined macro and microscopically to investigate the internal parasitic causes of diarrhea. Also, for Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts were diagnosed using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Out of 364 collected fecal samples, a total bacteria isolated was 356 and identified as 131 Escherichia coli (35.99%), 90 Salmonella enterica (24.72%); 50 S. typhimurium (13.73%) and 40 S. dublin (10.99%), 35 Citrobacter diversus (9.61%), 24 Klebsiella pneumonia (6.59%), 20 P. vulgaris (5.49%), 19 P. penneri (5.22%) and 37 Staphylococcous aureus (10.16%). Regarding the parasitological findings; Toxocara vitulorum was 19.8% (72 out of 364), Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were found in 26.9% (98/364), Cryptosporidium spp. was 29.4% (107 out of 364) and Giardia spp. infection was 14% (51 out of 364). In conclusion, NCD problem is a multifactorial in which bacterial and parasitological causes were the prime causes. Thus, regular monitoring and efficient treatment of bacteriological and parasitological causes of NCD are highly recommended
Competence of Panax ginseng on Male Fertility in Cypermethrin Exposed Rats
Get PDFThe rising occurrences of male reproductive disorders, as decreased semen (quality and quantity) and testicular cancer, are of great concern for animal production. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the toxic impact of cypermethrin on the fertility of male rats. Other goal was using the Panax ginseng as androgenic drug for reducing the negative impact of cypermethrin poisoned rats. In the results, oral LD50 of cypermethrin in mature male rats was found to be 374.633 ±12.187 mg/kg. Based on that, thirty-two adult male rats were equally divided into four groups. Group (1) served as –ve control; group (2) treated with 0.1% Panax in feed and kept as +ve control; group (3) orally dosed 1/40 LD50 of cypermethrin; and group (4) intubated the same dose of cypermethrin and panax admixed with diet for 60 days. The results demonstrated that cypermethrin generated obvious disorders in male fertility as evidenced by a significant decrease in the blood testosterone, LH and FSH hormones, testes weights, sperm count and motility, and live sperm percentage. Sperm cell abnormalities were significantly elevated in cypermethrin poisoned rats compared. Although the group treated by cypermethrin with panax showed a lesser effect. Cypermethrin intoxication showed sever alteration in fertility indices and fetal values. Histopathological examinations on the testes, seminal vesicles, and prostate glands served as confirmation for all findings. A positive control group didn’t significantly differ as compared to a negative control. Otherwise, it recorded the best results in percentage of motile and live sperm, especially drops of sperm cell abnormalities. Results concluded that involvement with cypermethrin caused overt defects in male reproductive function, which were cured by administering the androgenic drug Panax