Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Ameliorative Effect of L-arginine on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Cognitive Hypofunctions in Male Albino Rats
Get PDFThe present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of L-arginine (L-A) on cognitive hypofunctions induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Thirty-six male albino Wistar rats 10 weeks old (180 to 200g) were divided into 4 groups: Group I: received distilled water, group II received L-arginine (L-A) 500 mg/kg, group III received 2 mg/kg monosodium glutamate (MSG), group IV received L-arginine 500 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg monosodium glutamate by oral gavage for 10 days. Cognitive performance was assessed using novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. The relative brain weight of experimental rats was recorded. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the brain homogenate as oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and dopamine (DA) levels were estimated. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry to serotonin (S-2A) receptors and caspase-3 were performed. Results revealed that MSG can cause a decline in cognitive functions as evidenced by NOR and y-maze tests. Besides, it has a neurotoxic effect as evidenced by increasing MDA level and GPx activity, decreasing SOD and CAT activities, reduced DA level, histopathological alteration in the brain, decreased S-2A receptors, and increased apoptosis as demonstrated by promoted caspase-3. Treatment with L-A 500 mg/Kg BW ameliorated the neurophysiological effects of MSG through improving memory, decreasing MDA level, GPx activity, increasing SOD and CAT activities, increasing DA level, improving histoarchitecture of the brain, improving S-2A receptors and decreasing apoptosis ameliorating caspase-3 protein in the brain
Hair as a Medicolegal Evidence in Detection of Cannabis and Pregabalin residues
Get PDFÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Hair samples are one of the most important resources in the forensic analysis of crime scenes, often providing valuable information that can lead to the identification of a suspect or a victim. This study was conducted to HPTLC quantitative evaluation of Cannabis and Pregabalin residues in hair and serum. Â Thirty Wistar male rats were grouped into three groups; first group kept as negative control, second group (Cannabis group) administered Cannabis by gastric tube at a dose of 3 mg/kg b.wt.) and third group (Pregabalin group) administered Pregabalin by gastric tube at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.wt. daily for eight weeks. Results revealed that Cannabis and Pregabalin were both deposited in hair and serum compared with control groups. Using of hair samples is strongly recommended as routine test for pregabalin and cannabis abuse beside blood and urine tests
Disinfectant and Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in Chicks
Get PDFIn recent years there has been a dramatic development for multidrug-resistant and disinfectant-resistant bacteria in poultry farms, to investigate the current prevalence and losses associated with these phenomena, Samples from chicks were taken from 3 poultry stations A, B, and C beside broiler hatcheries (newly hatched chicks). Newly hatched chicks were monitored for Clinical signs, postmortem examination, and performance and mortality rate for one week old. All newly hatched chicks showed the appearance of gasped chicks with low vitality and the rates of gasping increased at the farm level with increased mortality from 8.8 %- 15.5% in the first week. Postmortem examination revealed the presence of nephritis with urate deposition in the ureter, air vasculitis with the appearance of a nodule, a large gall bladder, and a cecum with a greenish color. E. coli was recorded with a high percentage 57.4% followed by S. Typhimurium 8.2% and P.aeruginousa 4.1%. Clostin showed impressive results for treating isolated bacteria from chicks, while erythromycin, spiramycin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, bacitracin, streptomycin, followed by ampicillin, doxycycline, and gentamycin showed high resistance among isolated bacteria. Alarmingly, 88.9% (8/9) of the E. coli strains were XDR to different classes. In contrast, 11.1% (1/9) of the isolated E. coli strains were multi-drug resistant. One isolate of S. Typhimurium was PDR and another isolate was MDR. All of the P. aeurginosa strains were XDR to different classes. The previous results showed the risk of infection comes from the improper disinfection of the hatchery and how it is associated with losses in poultry farms and there is a need for the prevalence of the disinfection genes in hatchery bacteria
Microbial Status and Formation of Biogenic Amines in Salted Fish: A Study for Their Dietary Intake and Health Risk Assessment
Get PDFSalted fish is a common food type in Egypt that is consumed in certain occasions and celebrations. The manufacture process of the salted fish allows fermentation of different fish species. Therefore, there is a high chance for microbial growth and multiplication on such rich protein substrate, and decomposition of the amino acids to their biogenic amines (BAs) derivatives. This study was undertaken to estimate the formed BAs in three salted fish retailed in Egypt, named feseikh, sahlia, and salted sardine. In addition, microbial counts including total plate counts (TPC), total psychrophilic counts (TPsC), and total Staphylococcus aureus counts (TSC) were enumerated. Dietary intakes and health risks associated with the formed BAs were also calculated and discussed. The obtained results revealed formation of the BAs in all examined salted fish species. Feseikh had the highest BAs contents as well as microbial counts. In conclusion, although the calculated dietary intakes revealed no potential risks associated with the consumption of the salted fish, however this assumption should be handled carefully due to inter-individual differences in their immune-reactions to such BAs, particularly histamine
Food additives from classification to their use in the food industry: A review
Get PDFThe use of food additives in food production is inevitable in this modern world. Although only a safe amount of food additives is approved, their safety has always been questioned. At present, artificial synthetic food additives have gradually replaced natural food additives and many problems related to food additives, involve the abuse of food additives, excessive additives, or even toxic additives. Obviously, food additives can bring people great sensory enjoyment and commercial convenience, but they may also cause potential risks to human health. So, it is of high significance to conduct quantitative analysis on the content of food additives. According to their functions and the regulatory requirements of food additives, this review started with the classification, and functions of various food additives involving preservatives, sweeteners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, and gelling agents and the advantages and disadvantages of food additives usage
An updated investigation on the antenatal development of the thyroid gland in white New Zealand rabbit with morphometric analysis
Get PDFThe prenatal development of the thyroid gland was studied on 30 rabbit embryos and fetuses of both sexes. Their ages ranged between 9th days old till the day of birth. The thyroid anlage appeared as an endodermal thickening in the floor of the primitive pharynx at 9th days of gestation. At 11th days old embryos, the thyroid bud was connected to the pharyngeal endoderm by the thyroglossal duct which began to disintegrate at 12th days of gestation. The bilobation of primitive thyroid gland was exhibited with the beginning of isthmus organization at 16th days of gestation. The first evidence of follicular organization appeared at 20th days of gestation with many small follicles disseminated within the gland. The first morphological sign of functional differentiation of the thyroid gland appeared at 22nd days of gestation as PAS positive thick rim of pre colloid material in apical parts of the follicular cells in some follicles. Very few parafollicular cells began to scatter among follicular cells at 22nd days old fetuses. The definitive thyroid follicles storing vacuolated typical colloid organized at 28th days of gestation and stained somewhat strongly with Eosin and PAS
The role of biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in some neoplasms of pet animals
Get PDFCancerous tumors are one of the main problems that cause of deaths in pet animals. The objective of this paper is to describe histopathological features of some neoplastic masses with confirmation using immunohistochemistry in pet animals. Our study was done from May 2022 to August 2023 in Sharkia governorate, Egypt to correctly recognize 7 cases of pet animal neoplasms "5 cases of dogs and 2 queen case" based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The results revealed 2 cases of TVT in Penis with positive expressions for Iba2 and vimentin , 1 Case of Sebaceous adenoma in Hock joint of male dog skin, 1 case of hepatoid carcinoma in perianal glands of male dog with positive immunolabelling for CK7 , 1 case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in A 4-year old, male, Great Dane dog and 2 cases of queen with mammary gland adenocarcinoma with positive immunoreactivity for HER-2 and other mixed mammary neoplasm accompanied with sarcoma has positive staining for vimentin. It could be concluded that the histopathological evaluations by H&E stain is the backbone method for neoplasms diagnosis and using some biomarkers added a confirmatory tools for these diagnosis
Revolutionizing the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria: Phage and phage products as the leading armament in future: Review
Get PDFThe prevalence of bacteria that have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics has increased in recent years, posing a serious threat to public health. Some of these strains have proven almost immune to frequently used antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), for instance, is an example of a strain of bacteria that has become resistant to multiple medications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a report detailing the antibiotic-resistant diseases for which new and potent treatments are urgently needed. There has been a rise in interest in the potential applications of bacteriophage viruses that specifically target bacteria and eradicate them. Since they lack a metabolic system, these viruses must rely on bacteria for reproduction. It is estimated that bacteriophages are about 3 billion years old, making them one of the oldest and most common creatures on Earth. They are essential for keeping germs in check in circumstances where they naturally occur, such as in natural, unprocessed foods. The potential of bacteriophages to improve food safety is one area of increasing interest. Researchers employ animal models, such as invertebrate and vertebrate models, to examine the efficacy of medicines more swiftly and economically than human trials. The zebrafish is one example of a new model that could be used to investigate host-pathogen interactions in the future. Bacteriophage mixtures are being used by scientists as a means of more precisely treating specific infections and slowing the spread of antibiotic resistance
Rosuvastatin and Ezetimibe loaded PLGA: an investigation approach for the treatment of hyperlipidemia induced by Triton in male albino rats
Get PDFThis study aimed to develop and optimize the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Ezetimibe (EZE) and Rosuvastatin (RSV) combination using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs). To achieve this, in vivo Triton induced hyperlipidemia rats were used to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of the marketed products in comparison with their NPs. Results revealed that after 24 hours, Triton treated animals showed altered lipid profiles including significantly (P<0.05) high cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and Non-HDL-C and low HDL-C. They also exhibited an increase in the activities of ALT and AST enzymes, creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels and a decline in the total proteins and albumin levels indicating liver and kidney injuries. Triton also altered the glycemic control as evidenced by the increase in glucose and insulin growth factor. Administration of orally EZE+RSV and their loaded NPs significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the lipids alters after 15 days of treatment. This attenuation was continued up to 30 days in many evaluated parameters. They also were effective in partial preventing liver and kidney injuries and the glycemic controls. The effects of NPs were more pronounced that the marketed forms. In conclusion, and based on our findings, the efficiency and convenience of anti-hyperlipidemic activity of EZE+RSV nanoparticles were well demonstrated
Effect of Nigella sativa and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on Bacillus cereus isolated from meat and milk products
Get PDFBacillus cereus (B. cereus) is Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium not only associated with food-borne outbreaks but also responsible for spoilage of food products. Therefore, the aim of this study is to trying to control of B. cereus by safe nanoparticles and studies the antibacterial effects of Nigella sativa and green synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on B. cereus. The isolated strains of B.cereus from meat and milk products with detection of their virulence genes (nhe, cytK, hbl and ces) by PCR were used to assess the antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to investigate their properties which revealed that Nigella sativa NPs was 87.5 nm in size and cuboidal in shape, the polydispersity index, zeta potentials, viscosity and conductivity were 0.456, +15.9 mV, 0.877 cp and 58 uS/cm respectively, while Zinc Oxide NPs were 0.2484, -21.8 mV, 0.925 cp and 269 uS/cm respectively and their size was 67.8 nm and rhomboid in shape. Antibacterial activity was determined by using micro wells dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The MIC result for Nigella sativa NPs showed slight inhibition with the 30% concentration, while for Zinc Oxide NPs was 1.25 mg/ml. The morphological characters and changes of bacterial cells before and after treatment with nanoparticles were described by SEM. The Results show significant inhibitory effect of Zinc Oxide NPs than Nigella sativa NPs on B.cereus growth with distinctive destruction in its ultrastructure. SO, applications of nanoparticles in the meat and dairy industry will be a market trend to improve quality by their antibacterial effects and enhancement their shelf life