Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Assessment of the potential impacts of garlic and/or sage essential oils on quality enhancement of chilled tilapia fish kofta
Get PDFFish and fish products are highly nutritional food that spoiled rapidly. Moreover consumer needs for natural preservatives instead of synthetic ones have increased. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the natural preservation effects of sage (Salvia officinalis) and garlic (Allium sativum) essential oils on the shelf life, sensory attributes, chemical quality, and bacteriological quality of chilled fish balls (Kofta). It was found that shelf life and sensory attributes of those group treated with garlic 2%, sage 2%, and mixtures (garlic: sage) has increased till the 15th day of chilled storage compared to control group (untreated) that rejected on the 6th day of storage. Examined EOs showed marked antioxidant efficacy that delayed chemical deterioration of tilapia fish kofta. Moreover, antibacterial impacts of EOS were detected by reducing total bacterial counts, Psychrotrophic count, Pseudomonas count, Aeromonas count, and Staphylococcus count. It was concluded to that using EOs especially garlic and/or sage is a promising solution to overcome risk of chemical preservatives
Comparative Efficiency of Genetically Dissimilar and Heat Stable live Newcastle Disease Vaccines against Velogenic NDV-Genotype VII
Get PDFNewcastle disease virus (NDV) is accountable for causing one of the most contagious avian diseases in poultry, resulting in substantial financial losses worldwide. Both genotype I and II vaccines are commonly used for live NDV vaccination, particularly in broiler flocks. Recent years have witnessed a significant surge in the number of Newcastle disease outbreaks in Egyptian poultry broiler flocks, demonstrating the evolving nature of NDV infections and raising concerns regarding the effectiveness of existing NDV vaccination programs. In our study, a total of 200 one-day-old commercial chicks were divided into six groups, including unvaccinated group and five vaccinated groups. To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of commonly used NDV vaccines against the prevalent Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease Virus (vvNDV), The birds were administered live vaccines LaSota (Genotype II) and I2 (Genotype I) either as a single booster or a double booster after the initial priming with the HB1 vaccine. The comparative protective efficiency of all vaccine regimens assessment was based on clinical evaluation, observation of survival rates, and examination of viral shedding following vvNDV challenge. We also, evaluated the immune response to live vaccination by weekly monitoring of IgG specific antibodies’ levels in test sera.  Our findings validated that the use of multiple live NDV vaccines can offer protection against the clinical symptoms of velogenic NDV, enhance protective immunity, and reduce the virus shedding after a challenge. The inclusion of heat stable I2 vaccine could be precious in the view of earth heating and weather change
Hygienic measures of abattoir with reference to different disinfectants
Get PDFA crucial control point for good hygiene is the process of cleaning and disinfecting the slaughterhouse, the animals, the environment, and the hands of the workers. It is a crucial phase in the biosecurity process. By counting the aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, moulds, and yeasts, the current study was designed to assess the abattoir's contamination and its effects. A total of 120 samples were collected, including swabs from the floor, wall, workers' hands, animals' skin, and the outside of the carcass (20 samples/each). Results of aerobic plate count clarified that the highest mean value was recorded in the abattoirs' floors and walls (1.48x106±2.29x105, 9.54x105 ±1.44x105 respectively), which were then followed by the skin, hands of workers and the outer surfaces of the carcass (5.71x104±1.26x104, 5.39x104±1.15x104, 4.50x104 ±1.68x104 respectively). After using disinfectants, chloroxylenol was the most effective disinfection across all tested samples, with the best reduction percentage. The highest mean value of staphylococcus count was recorded in the hands of workers (1.95x105±1.03x105) had the greatest staphylococcus count, followed by the outer surface of the carcass and the skin (6.66x104 ±2.47x104, 6.47x104±1.22x104 respectively). The highest mean value of coliforms count was recorded on the outer surface of the carcasses 43.45±10.61 MPN/cm2, followed by the skin and the hands of the workers (33.90±8.27, 28.90±11.57 MPN/cm2 respectively. Several spp of coliforms were detected such as Citrobacter diversus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia. Staph. aureus was reported depending on coagulase test, the incidence of infection was higher in Carcass than in hands and skin. Moreover, Salmonella incidence was higher in the hands followed by carcass. The abattoir's air samples had high mean value of mould 25.93±2.83 compared to yeast 17.80±3.58 (cfu/plate/minute). Regarding mould, H2O2 showed the best reduction rate followed by chlorine. While regarding yeast, chlorine was the best followed by chloroxylenol. Results of microbiological examination of the collected samples reflected a clear state of contamination in abattoirs environment and the effect of disinfectants
Age, breed and sex are strongly correlated with personality traits in dogs
Get PDFDog personality research has a long history. By analyzing the most current experimental studies, we gave an overview of the theories and approaches used to research dog personality in this study. The last couple of years have seen a fair amount of research into dog personality using several methods. One of the methods employed in the study involves gathering data directly from dog owners through questionnaires to analyze the personality traits of the dogs, with the reported findings derived from these assessment tools. “The Dog Personality Questionnaire†(DPQ) was used in this study because, when all study results were considered, it was the most trustworthy questionnaire. The Dog Personality Questionnaire (DPQ) assesses dogs on 5 factors: Aggression towards People, Fearfulness, Aggression towards Animals, Responsiveness to Training, and Activity/Excitability. In this study, we tested the age, breed, and sex groups of a sample of 200 males and females’ dogs representing 22 different breeds from different breed groups living in dog farms in the greater Cairo region (Cairo, Giza, and Qalyubia cities) in Egypt. Our findings indicate that dogs exhibit variations in mean personality trait levels informed by their age group, breed, and sex. In conclusion, we found a strong correlation between dog age, breed, and sex
Analysis of the liver transcriptome in broiler chicken fed with dietary nucleotides and/or beta-glucan revealed enhancement in growth parameters, intestinal morphology, and some biochemical parameters
Get PDFThe experimental protocol aimed to assess the influence of nucleotides and/or β-glucan on the production performance, growth-related gene expression in the broiler chickens’ liver tissue, intestinal histomorphology, and some biochemical parameters. One hundred forty-four newly hatched chicks were categorized into four groups based on the supplements: a control group, a group supplemented with nucleotides (200 mg/kg diet), a group with β-glucan (1 g/kg diet), and a group with both nucleotides and β-glucan. The study's findings showed that, when compared to the control group, all dietary supplemented groups showed a substantial (P < 0.05) improvement in production parameters without having a negative impact on the general health of broilers. Additionally, the treatments positively impacted the expression of some genes associated with growth performance in the broiler chickens’ liver tissue, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone receptor (GHR). The supplemented groups also demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in intestinal histomorphology, characterized by increased villi length, crypt depth, and goblet cell number. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of nucleotides and/or β-glucan led to a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in total protein and albumin levels, with no significant effect on globulin, AST, and ALT. The conclusion can be drawn that adding nucleotides along with β-glucan to the diet led to enhancements in growth performance, the expression of genes related to growth (GHR and IGF-1), intestinal histomorphology, and certain biochemical parameters (specifically total protein and albumin).
 
Effect of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) on Salmonella Typhimurium, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFIn this study, Neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) bactericidal efficacy and inactivating capacity as a promising novel antimicrobial agent, green sanitizer and natural alternative to conventional decontamination techniques as chemical disinfectants was evaluated by using NEW with free available chlorine (FAC) at concentrations of 7.5 ppm (NEW 1%), 24 ppm (NEW 12%) and 49 ppm (NEW 25%) against food-borne related microorganisms and their biofilms. Our Results revealed that by 10 min of exposure to the sanitizer (NEW) with different concentrations, changes to the bacterial count, bacterial cell morphology, biofilms were evaluated by plate counting, minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC), Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) examination for the isolated Salmonella Typhimurium, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and S. aureus, respectively. Beside, modulation of bacterial gene expression by real time Polymerase Chain Reaction screening (RT-PCR) for methicillin- resistant gene (mecA) and Enterotoxin gene (seb) of S. aureus. It was shown from the results that Salmonella Typhimurium highest reduction percentage achieved was 99.9% after 10 min exposure to 12% and 25% NEW concentrations, while EPEC and S. aureus highest reduction percentages achieved were 99.8%, and 99.95% after 10 min exposure to 25% NEW concentration, respectively. The lowest reduction was detected by 59.5% for S. aureus treated with NEW 1% for 5 min. While MIC for NEW 25% was 12.25 ppm for EPEC and 24.5 ppm for each of Salmonella Typhimurium and S. aureus. TEM photos revealed that NEW has achieved a broad-spectrum bactericidal activity by causing changes and destruction in cell envelope and cytoplasm of all strains. RT-PCR showed downregulation of enterotoxin (seb) and resistant genes (mecA) of S. aureus. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that NEW as a green sanitizer is significant in reduction and elimination of the most food-borne bacterial contamination
Detection of aflatoxins and novel simple regimes for their detoxification in milk and soft cheese
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to detect AFs in milk and in the most popular cheese samples produced that were sold in New Valley governorate, Egypt. Trials were also carried out to find a simple, available way to counteract AFs in these products. Sixty samples of marketable milk and soft cheese (locally manufactured) were randomly collected from El-kharja markets, New Valley governorate, Egypt. Aflatoxin (AFs) was detected quantitatively in the samples by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. The positive results (tainted with AFs) indicated that 100% of the examined samples have level of Afs that exceed the allowable limit. Furthermore, locally manufactured soft cheese had higher AFs contamination than marketable milk. Additionally, the experimental trials to treat contaminated milk with microwave heating, Mish contaminated samples with lemon, and Kareish cheese with carbonated water revealed 9.4, 43.9, and 54.9% decline in Afs levels, respectively. It could be concluded that examined milk and milk products are frequently contaminated with AFs which exceed the allowable limits and every regimen that was employed to treat the contaminated specimen was helpful
Amelioratory Effect of Vitamin D3 on some Liver Function and Histological Alterations in Experimentally Obese Albino Rats
Get PDFObesity is a global public health issue. It is associated with a spectrum of liver abnormalities, like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Vitamin D3 on light microscopic changes in the liver, as well as hematology and some liver enzymes in experimentally overweight albino rats. Five groups of thirty-five male albino rats were formed. For three months, Control (C) group received a standard laboratory diet. Corn oil (CO) group received normal balanced diet and given orally 20 mg/kg corn oil daily. Vitamin D (D) group received normal balanced diet and orally treated daily with 5000 IU/kg of vitamin D3. Overweight (OW) group rats received high caloric diet. Overweight/ vitamin D (OWD) group received high caloric diet and treated with oral vitamin D3 5000 IU/kg daily. Liver weights of animals were recorded, blood samples for hematology, some liver functions, catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were collected. Liver samples were fixed in 10% formal saline then stained by H&E for histological examination. OW group had significantly higher liver weights, and liver function than CO group. Histologically, there was an increase of fatty degeneration in the OW group. However, OWD group was lower in all the measured and examined liver parameters than that of CO group in this study vitamin D3 supplement could ameliorate the abnormal changes in the hepatocytes induced by obesity
The effectiveness of protective measures against Streptococcosis and the immune responses triggered by the administration of live, live-attenuated, and killed vaccines were assessed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Get PDFThe objective of this project was to develop live (LV), live attenuated (LAV), and autoclaved killed vaccines (AKV). The development of the vaccine involves utilizing two well-characterized strains of Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), namely S. iniae 1 and S. iniae 2. S. iniae 2 was obtained from Department of Fish diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt while S. iniae 1 strain was gifted from microbiology department, Egyptian Drug Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Pathogenicity test and lethal dose determination were performed. To conduct the experiment, apparently healthy Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) of average weight 30±0.2g were divided into five experimental groups: T1 group, which served as a negative control and received saline; T2 group, which served as a positive control and received S. iniae 2; T3 group, which received an autoclaved killed vaccine for S. iniae 2; T4 group, which received a live attenuated vaccine for S. iniae 2; and T5 group, which received a live vaccine for S. iniae 1. At the end of the vaccination period, S. iniae 2 was introduced challenge to all groups. Serum samples were collected three weeks after vaccination to measure serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase. The findings demonstrated that the pathogenicity test reach 0 and 100% mortality rate for S. iniae 1 and S. iniae 2, respectively. Live attenuated vaccine had significantly higher protective rate than live vaccinations, while autoclaved vaccine had the best protective efficacy (88.2%). These results were confirmed through measurement some immune parameters as Serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase
Effect of implementation levels of biosecurity measures and genetic type on the epidemio-zootechnical characteristics of farmed Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13886930
No full textFish diseases and inbreeding are among the factors limiting fish production. The present study aimed to assess the effect of biosecurity measures implementation levels (BMIL) and genetic type on epidemiological and zootechnical characteristics in hatcheries, in order to contribute to healthy and sustainable fish farming. Crosses (Beninese males x Cameroonian females and Cameroonian males x Cameroonian females) were carried out between two strains of domestic broodstock. The epidemiozootechnical characteristics evaluated (mortality rate, prevalence of pathologies, fertilization rate, hatching rate, productivity and economic profitability) were subjected to descriptive statistics, Student's t-test and two-factor analysis of variance. The resulting larvae were distributed in duplicate to three hatcheries, in which biosecurity measures were selectively applied to obtain the desired BMILs (low, medium and high) for each hatchery. As results, the highest mortality rate (100%) was recorded in the hatchery where the BMIL was low, then decreased significantly in crossbreds for both medium and high BMILs. Apart from fish deformities, the prevalence of other pathologies (anorexia and abnormal swimming) decreased significantly with BMIL. The prevalence of pathologies was about two times significantly higher for the pure strain than for the crossbreds. Fertilization and hatching rates dropped significantly with BMIL, with hybrid cross recording the highest values. Productivity and economic profitability increased significantly with BMIL. Values were 16 and 2 times higher in crossbreds than in the pure strain for medium and high BMIL respectively. Overall, the increase in BMIL and the use of genetic types have improved the epidemio-zootechnical characteristics of Clarias gariepinus in hatcheries. Fish farmers need to focus on biosecurity measures and use crossbreds from the Cameroon x Benin cross for optimum production