Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Application of sodium caseinate and Aloe vera gel coatings as novel technologies to improve the sensory and physicochemical quality indices of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during chilled storage
Get PDFIn the current study, tilapia fish fillets were preserved by the application of natural coats (sodium caseinate and Aloe vera gel) to investigate their effects on the organoleptic and physiochemical attributes of fish fillets kept at 4°C for 7 days. The results revealed that the A. vera gel coat possessed lower pH and higher scavenging activity than caseinate. The application of both coats on fish fillets led to an improvement in all sensory scores when compared to the control, as its scores became unacceptable on the 5th day of chilling, whereas the coated groups remained acceptable until the 7th day of storage. Moreover, coating of fish fillets resulted in increased moisture and redness (a*) values and decreased fat, ash, TBARS, TVBN, cooking loss, shear force, lightness (L*), and yellowness (b*) values compared to the control group. When comparing the two applied coats, A. vera gel application was accompanied by an enhancement in all examined parameters compared with the sodium caseinate coat, although the protein of fish fillets was enhanced mainly by coating with sodium caseinate. Therefore, coating fish fillets with sodium caseinate or A. vera gel can easily be used by food processors as a novel technique to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of fish fillets
Nutritional and physiological influences of dietary supplementation of garlic oil on alleviating heat stress impact in broiler chickens
Get PDF This study evaluated impact of dietary supplementation with garlic oil (GO) on growth performance and alleviation of heat stress (HS) impact in broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments, each with six replicates of 10 birds. Treatment one (-Control) was offered a basal diet (BD) and raised under thermo-neutral temperature throughout the experiment (42 days), while Treatment 2 (+Cont) received BD throughout the experimental period, and raised under thermoneutral temperatures during the experiment weeks, but subjected to HS during the fifth week. Treatments 3 and 4 were exposed to the same HS during the fifth week and fed a BD supplemented with 5 g GO/kg, and 15g GO/kg throughout the experimental period. Compared to the thermoneutral control, the heat-stressed control displayed a lower growth performance, in terms of decreased feed intake, higher feed conversion ratio, higher mortality, altered serum metabolites, and lower antioxidative activity. Both GO treatments resulted in deteriorated growth performance compared to the thermoneutral control and relatively worse than the CHS control (P > 0.05). The GO treatments reduced serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde concentrations, but enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity compared to HS control. The two GO treatments exhibited significantly higher villus length/crypt depth ratio than the thermoneutral control. In conclusion, GO treatments displayed poor growth performance results, but enhanced the serum antioxidant properties under the study conditions
Molecular investigation and potential risks associated with Streptococcus equi infection in horses with upper respiratory tract infection
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to conduct molecular investigation and potential risks associated with Streptococcus equi infection in horses with upper respiratory tract infection. For this aim, sixty-nine horses were used (50 diseased and 19 apparently healthy). Horses under investigation were subjected to clinical examination and bacteriological investigation of nasal swabs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmatory identification of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi came to match the isolation percentage on its selective medium. For Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, sodA and seeI genes were detected at molecular weights of 235 bp and 520 bp, respectively. There was a significant (P value <0.05) association between breed, use, vaccination, number of affected animals in the premises, over-crowding and climatic conditions and the isolation frequency of Streptococcus equi subspecies Equi infection. The highest percentage of isolation was recorded in Arabian horses (32/53; 60.4%) compared with other breeds (21/53; 39.6%). Horses kept for racing or showing revealed higher isolation percentage (32/53; 60.4%) compared with draft horses that showed isolation percentage of (21/53; 39.6%). Vaccinated horses also showed a higher rate of isolation (29/53; 54.7%), compared with non-vaccinated ones (24/53;45.3%). The results of the present study highlighted the potential risk factors associated with S. equi subspecies equi in horses with upper respiratory tract infection. The present finding may support the authorities to construct strict preventive measures for this infection
Organochlorine pesticide residues in buffalo meat, liver, kidney, milk, and kariesh cheese
Get PDFHigh-quality animal protein, vitamins B1, B6, and B12, as well as minerals like zinc, selenium, and iron, can all be found in buffalo meat and milk. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been widely utilized for many years because of their long duration of action, low cost, and toxicity against a variety of pests. Despite being outlawed everywhere, OCPs are still being used illegally. One of the main responsibilities of the food safety and public health sectors is to guarantee the safety and wholesomeness of such food products before they are made available to the public. In order to determine the residual OCP contents in retailed buffalo meat, liver, kidney, milk, and kariesh cheese, this study was conducted. The obtained results in the current investigation revealed the detection of OCPs at 75%, 40%, 25%, 60%, and 80% in the examined buffalo raw milk, kariesh cheese, meat, kidneys, and liver. Different OCPs were detected at variable concentrations; however, such concentrations were within the established permissible limits in Egypt. In conclusion, OCPs are still in use in Egyptian agricultural activities and residual concentrations can be detected in the meat, offal, and dairies. Therefore, it is highly advised to continuously check for OCP residues in foods with both animal and plant origins. Additionally, it is strongly advised that farmers become more aware of the negative consequences of OCPs
Amelioratory Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Origanum majorana on some Liver Function and Histological Alteration of the Liver in Experimentally Obese Rats
Get PDFObesity’s dangers are becoming more widely recognized around the world. Obese people are more likely to develop a variety of serious diseases, including fatty liver. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Origanum majorana on light microscopic changes in the liver, as well as hematology and some liver enzymes in experimentally obese albino rats. Four groups of twenty-four male albino rats were formed. For three months, the control group was fed a standard laboratory diet and received saline orally by gavage tube. Obese rats were given a high-fat diet. The marj group received 20 mg/kg of aqueous extract of marjoram via gavage tube. The obese/marj group received the same treatment as the obese group and received 20 mg/kg of aqueous extract of marjoram daily via gavage tube. The liver and visceral fat weights of animals were recorded, blood samples for hematology and liver functions were estimated. Liver samples were fixed in 10% formol saline then stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin for histological examination. Obese animals had significantly higher liver, visceral fat weights, and liver function than the control group. Histologically, there was an increase of fatty degeneration in the obese group. However, the obese group that received the aqueous leaf extract of Origanum majorana was lower in all the measured and examined liver parameters than that of the control group. In this study the aqueous leaf extract of Origanum majorana may ameliorate the obesity induced abnormal changes in the hepatocytes
Design, development and evaluation of veterinary transdermal film of Azadirachta indica extract for treatment of mastitis
Get PDFMastitis is an infectious disease condition resulting in inflammatory reaction which occurs when a large number of leukocytes migrate into the mammary gland. Mastitis causes significant financial losses for the global dairy industry. The present study aimed at development of transdermal film comprising of Azadirachta indica extract for treatment of mastitis, which is economical, safe and will not emerge multidrug resistance amongst pathogens. Azadirachta indica extract was prepared by sonication method. The extract was evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Transdermal films with Azadirachta indica extract were prepared with ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl acetate then subjected for the physical characterization, drug content, in vitro dissolution, tensile strength and antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of extract displayed 5mg/ml. Based on quantification of azadirachtin by UV spectrophotometer 100 mg of extract was incorporated in each transdermal film. Transdermal films of Azadirachta indica extract possessed desirable physical properties, and exhibited the drug release of 91.54% in 8 hours. Transdermal film of Azadirachta indica showed sensitivity with a zone of inhibition of 19mm, 16mm, 19mm and 22mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Data obtained revealed that transdermal films of Azadirachta indica extract exhibited good drug release profile and desirable physical properties, with good antibacterial activity. The present work reveals that transdermal film of Azadirachta indica extract can be considered for the treatment of mastitis
Contamination of chicken meat and edible offal commercialized at retail in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt by Enterobacteriaceae
Get PDFChicken meat and its edible offal have a high biological value and act as a good substrate for different types of bacteria implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks. Therefore, a total of 150 random samples of chicken (Breast, thigh and edible offal, 50 of each) were collected from different outlets, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt to be examined bacteriologically. The obtained results revealed that the mean Enterobacteriacae count was 3.73±0.07, 4.02±0.10 and 4.34±0.12 log10 CFU/g in breast, thigh and edible offal samples, respectively. E. coli was isolated from 12(24%), 15(30%) and 20(40%) of breast, thigh and edible offal samples, respectively, five different serotypes were identified (O157:H7, O158:H19, O128:H2, O26:H11and O55:H7) and the isolated E. coli strains were resistant to penicillin (100%), while the resistance was 72.3%, 65.9%, 51.1% and 51.1% to sulphamethoxazol-trimethoprim, oxytetracyclin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin, respectively, meanwhile, all strains were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 22(14.67%) of the examined samples with a prevalence of 5(10%), 7(14%) and 10(20%) in breast, thigh and edible offal, respectively, serological identification revealed five different serotypes (S. typhimurium, S. entritides, S. lindenberg, S. infantis and S. kentukay), and the isolated Salmonella spp. were resistant to penicillin and sulphamethoxazol-trimethoprim (100%), meanwhile, the sensitivity was 100% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin
Molecular determination of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli recovered from broiler chickens
Get PDFThis study was carried out to detect the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains in Cobb, Sasso, and Balady breeds of broiler chickens using conventional techniques and to evaluate the in-vitro susceptibility of the isolated strains to different antimicrobials. Besides, the presence of some virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of E. coli strains was molecularly investigated. A total of 400 samples including liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and intestine were collected from freshly dead, diseased, and apparent healthy chickens in Damietta city, Damietta governorate, Egypt. The samples were subjected to conventional isolation and biochemical identification of E. coli and the results revealed a total prevalence of 20.5% (82/400) with the highest isolation rates from freshly dead breeds of chickens. The serological typing showed presence of O86:K61 and O26:K60 E. coli types. The results of the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test of 82 E coli strains revealed high degrees of resistances to cephradin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and doxycycline. The virulence genes including phoA, iss, and tsh were detected in 15 of E. coli strains with percentages of 100%, 33.33%, and 13.33%, respectively. Moreover, the results showed presence of blaTEM, sul1, and mcr1 antimicrobial resistance genes in 15 of E. coli strains with a percentage of 33.33% for each gene. In conclusion, E. coli strains are still circulating in chicken flocks causing economic loses and they are resistant to most of the commonly used antimicrobials. Thus, adopting effective intervention strategies and better management systems are very critical to reduce E. coli-related hazards linked to poultry
The cross-talks between Spirulina, Lagenaria siceraria and glucocorticoids: A review
Get PDFIt is the most comprehensive and abundant source of nutrition found in nature. Spirulina contains an assortment of nutrients that are not found in any other source. The algae is rich in prophylactic and therapeutic nutrients, including proteins, minerals, B-complex vitamins, γ-linolenic acid, and superoxidants including β-carotene and vitamin E. Additionally, it contains trace elements and several bioactive compounds that have yet to be fully investigated. Spirulina exhibits a multitude of beneficial and therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and antidiabetic effects, due to its apparent capacity to stimulate the entirety of human physiology. It seems that the consumption of Spirulina also stimulates the development of intestinal microflora. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) is more commonly referred to in Hindi and English as lauki and bottle gourd, respectively. As a vegetable, both the aerial parts and fruits of this plant are frequently ingested. In India, China, European nations, Brazil, the Hawaiian island, and other regions, it has been historically employed medicinally due to its cardiotonic, general tonic, and diuretic attributes. Oil, fruits, leaves, stem, and seeds of Lagenaria siceraria have been utilized historically to treat skin maladies, diabetes, ulcer, piles, colitis, insanity, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. Pectoral, emetic, sedative, purgative, cooling, diuretic, and antibilious are all properties of the fruit purée. Corticosteroids are among the effective treatments for several medical conditions. On long-term administration, adverse effects including osteoporosis, cataract formation, and muscle atrophy are widely acknowledged and have significant implications for public health. There are numerous reports available that address specific adverse effects. In this review, we would like to throw the light on the medicinal uses of spirulina, and Lagenaria siceraria, and the adverse health effects of corticosteroids
Quality indicators of broiler chickens' meat under the influence of gadolinium and lanthanum orthovanadate nanoparticles
Get PDFNanotechnology is successfully used to ensure food quality, to enrich food with minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, and to improve the organoleptic properties of food. Nanoparticles of rare earth elements – gadolinium and lanthanum orthovanadates – have prospects for use in growing broiler chickens to improve meat quality, since their introduction in a therapeutic dose (0.2 mg/L of drinking water – on average, chickens received 0.09 (0.13-0.05) mg/kg body weight) for 10 days led to an increase in the mass fraction of protein and a decrease in the mass fraction of fat (gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles) and an increase in the mass fraction of dry matter during the administration period, along with an increase in the mass fraction of protein and ash (lanthanum orthovanadate nanoparticles and a mixture of gadolinium orthovanadate and lanthanum orthovanadate nanoparticles), which increases the energy value of meat