Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Feed intake, nutrient utilization and microbial protein production in local male lambs fed noni seed (Morinda Citrifolia)
Full text linkA study was carried out to investigate the utilization of dietary protein in lambs fed a diet supplemented with noni seeds (Morinda citrifolia). This study used 20 male lambs (aged 4 months and weighing 12±1.36 kg) kept for 150 days. The lambs were allocated into a completely randomized design with 4 treatments of diet and 5 replications. The treatments were T0 (100% basal diet); T1 (90% basal diet + 10% noni seeds); T2 (80% basal diet + 20% noni seeds); T3 (70% basal diet + 30% noni seeds). The diet and drinking water were given ad libitum. The parameters measured were dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), protein intake, protein digestibility, protein retention, Microbial Protein Production (MSP) and average daily gain (ADG). The results showed that inclusion of noni seed into the diet did not significantly affect (P>0.05) DMI (averaged 798.03 g/day), DMD (averaged 52.1%), protein intake (98.09 g/day), protein digestibility (averaged 74.88%), protein retention (averaged 73 %) and ADG (averaged 61.9 g/day). However, the treatments had a significant effect (P<0.05) on MSP; the lambs of T3 had the highest MSP (26 g/day) than those of T0, T1, and T2. The lambs of T0, T1, and T2 had no significant difference in MSP (averaged 17.5 g/day). In conclusion, the inclusion of noni seeds up to 30% into the diet improved Microbial Protein Production without a negative effect on protein utilization and lamb production. Therefore, the noni seed could be used as an alternative feedstuff for lambs
Potential use of phytobiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in livestock
Full text linkThe use of antibiotics as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the livestock industry has contributed significantly to increasing livestock productivity. However, overuse and unregulated use have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is currently a concern to world health. AGP is restricted by laws in many nations, which promotes the hunt for sustainable and efficient substitutes. Phytobiotics, which are derived from plants and include essential oils, extracts, and pure active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannins, have attracted attention due to their multifunctional properties. Phytobiotics work through a variety of mechanisms, such as immune system modulation, intestinal microbiota composition regulation, antimicrobial activity that stops the growth of pathogens, antioxidant effects that shield cells from oxidative damage, and stimulation of the secretion of digestive enzymes. According to scientific data, adding phytobiotics to pig, ruminant, and poultry feed can lower the prevalence of infectious illnesses while also increasing feed conversion efficiency, animal product quality, and production performance. Its efficacy is affected by the kind of plant, bioactive constituent content, extraction technique, formulation, and interactions with other feed ingredients. Despite the promising potential of phytobiotics, issues include production costs, heterogeneity in composition due to different plant sources, and standardization of raw material quality. Innovations in formulation, including the application of nanotechnology or mixes with organic acids and probiotics, offer chances to improve efficacy and stability. The livestock industry could use phytobiotics as a safe, sustainable, and eco-friendly antibiotic substitute in the post-AGP age if the right technology is applied and a scientific evidence-based strategy is taken
Environmental impact analysis of wastewater from Keudah slaughterhouse in Banda Aceh City
Full text linkThis study aimed to analyze the wastewater impact of Keudah Slaughterhouse in Banda Aceh City based on six parameters: pH, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, and oil and grease content. Furthermore, the analysis results were measured against wastewater quality standards regulated by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry number 5, 2014. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach that aims to describe the characteristics of wastewater impact based on the determined physical and chemical parameters. To increase data representativeness and control for natural variations that may occur over time, the sampling design was arranged based on a Completely Randomized Block Design, with sampling days as groups. Three different groups of days were randomly selected and on each day three wastewater samples were taken at the outlet point of Keudah Slaughterhouse. The results of this study showed that the COD level with an average value of approximately 277.19 mg/l exceeded the quality standard limit of 200 mg/l. Meanwhile, pH, TSS, BOD, ammonia, and oil and grease did not exceed the quality standard threshold. High COD levels in wastewater indicate high organic matter content and a suboptimal wastewater treatment installation system. The application of anaerobic biofilter systems combined with planted gravel filter technology is suggested as a potential strategy to reduce COD concentrations effectively. Overall, the findings highlight the need for improved wastewater management practices to minimize environmental pollution and promote sustainable resource management
Smart and biodegradable labeling system using Butterfly Pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Anthocyanin extract for monitoring of chicken meat freshness during chilled storage
Full text linkChicken meat is highly perishable due to its high water content, which fosters microbial growth and spoilage, reflected by increased pH levels. Smart packaging, particularly colorimetric indicator films, offers a solution by visually monitoring meat freshness. Fresh chicken breast fillets were packaged with biodegradable films made from chitosan–PVA and infused with butterfly pea flower anthocyanin extract, which was prepared using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction. The films were applied as freshness indicators and evaluated over 7 days of chilled storage through colorimetric analysis (Lab* values), total anthocyanin content, and pH sensitivity. Meat spoilage was assessed using Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVB-N), H₂S production, and the Postma test. The results showed that the anthocyanin content in the films decreased from 7.71 mg/L to 5.63 mg/L after seven days of storage. The pH, TPC, and TVB-N of chicken meat increased consistently during storage, reflecting spoilage and protein decomposition. The H2S and Postma test further validated the transition of meat freshness to spoilage. The meat remained fresh for 3 days, whereas a noticeable purple-to-green change of the smart label occurred on day 4 to 5. Colorimetric evaluation shows that freshness threshold pH (6.1) corresponded to L* < 9.98, a* > -0.22, and b* < 0.43. These results affirm the potential of butterfly pea flower anthocyanin-based films as effective, biodegradable indicators for monitoring chicken meat freshness
Molecular detection and macroelements changes in cattle infected with bovine ephemeral fever virus in Assiut Governorate, Egypt
Full text linkBovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a dangerous febrile viral disease that affects cattle and causes large financial losses. The aims of this study were to study clinical findings of BEF virus (BEFV) infection, identify certain risk factors and evaluate infected cattle's mineral changes. One hundred and seven cattle were used in this investigation. Whole blood and serum samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) had been employed for BEFV diagnosis. The observed clinical findings of BEFV infection in cattle were fever, respiratory manifestation (serous nasal discharge & cough), lacrimation, lameness, enlarged of superficial lymph nodes, drop of milk production, ruminal stasis, and recumbency. Of the studied diseased cattle, 43 (43%) of 100 whole blood samples showed molecularly positive results for G1 gene. The infection rate of BEFV had no significant variation by locality, age, sex, breed and season in the studied diseased cattle. Serum calcium level of confirmed BEFV positive samples was significantly lower (p<0.001) than serum calcium level in clinically healthy ones. The serum phosphorus and magnesium levels in BEFV infected cattle did not differ significantly (P<0.05) from that of clinically healthy ones. The importance of establishing efficient prevention and control strategies in Egypt must be emphasized in order to reduce the prevalence of BEFV infection in cattle
The microbiome of the digestive tract of ponies: Analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing
Full text linkThe study of the intestinal microbiome of ponies using 16S rRNA sequencing provided a deep insight into its structural organization, richness and ecological diversity. It was found that bacterial communities are characterized by high alpha diversity, a significant number of rare taxa, and the absence of dominance of individual species. The microbiome was dominated by four phyla — Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, Bacteroidota, and Actinomycetota, which accounted for over 90% of all reads. The presence of the genera Escherichia and Bacteroides may indicate transient changes or metabolic adaptation to environmental conditions. Analysis of β-diversity using the PCoA method revealed distinct individual differences caused by both internal (genetic) and external (ecological) factors. The similarity of microbiomes in animals with common housing conditions indicates a significant influence of diet, social structure, local microenvironment, and daily behavioural contacts. The predominance of rare taxa (according to Fisher's alpha and Rarity indices) emphasizes the ecological complexity, flexibility and stability of the microbial environment. Communities formed under natural grazing conditions proved to be more stable and adaptive. The results demonstrate the potential of microbiome monitoring for health diagnosis, feed optimization, probiotic strategy development, and prevention of intestinal dysfunction in ponies. Considering the microbiome as a complete ecosystem opens up new perspectives in veterinary medicine, particularly in the direction of personalised approaches to animal health maintenance. Further research considering the dynamics of the microbiota over time and the influence of seasonality may deepen our understanding of the relationship between the microbial profile, stress factors, and the physiological state of the animal
Comparative study on evaluating effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) supplementation on growth performance of broiler chickens
Full text linkUsing natural products is now more popular among the poultry industry to help broilers do better and stay healthy. This study aims to measure FI, BWG and FCR to see how turmeric and thyme supplementation affects the growth of broiler chickens. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) were tested to see how they affected body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). This study evaluates the effects of turmeric and thyme supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens. Twenty-four day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatment groups : Control (P0), Turmeric (P1: 6 g/kg), Thyme (P2: 6 g/kg), and Turmeric + Thyme (P3: 3 g/kg each). Growth parameters were recorded weekly over five weeks. Results showed that the Thyme Group exhibited the highest improvements in FI, BWG, and FCR, followed by the Turmeric + Thyme and Turmeric Group. Statistical analysis was initially conducted using ANOVA and Duncan’s Test with a significance level of 5%. Based on the results, supplementation with turmeric, thyme; and their combination resulted in enhancements in body FI, BWG, FCR when compared to Control Group. Thyme supplementation demonstrated the most pronounced effects on every growth parameter
Cryopreservation of Donggala bull semen in Andromed and CEP-2 diluents with the addition of egg yolk in different levels
Full text linkThis research aimed to know at the quality of Donggala bull semen after thawing, as an effort to preserve local genetic resources in central Sulawesi. This research used five Donggala bulls who had been selected according to their performances. This research employed two kinds of basal diluents Andromed an CEP-2), with five different treatments for each. The diluent formula treatments were as follows: A1 = Andromed without egg yolk, A2 = Andromed 95% + egg yolk 5%, A3 = Andromed 90% + egg yolk 10%, A4 = Andromed 85% + egg yolk 15%, A5 = Andromed 80% + egg yolk 20%, C1 = CEP-2 without egg yolk; C2 = CEP-2 95% + egg yolk 5%; C3 = CEP-2 90% + egg yolk 10% and C4 = CEP-2 85% + egg yolk 15% and C5 = CEP-2 80% + egg yolk 20%. The variables observed were motility, viability and abnormality of spermatozoa after thawing. Based on the research results, it showed that the quality of fresh semen from Donggala bull has a volume (6 - !0 ml ± 1.2), colour (milky white to yellowish white), concentration (927x 106 to 1410 x 106), with motility (70 to 85 %). Meanwhile, the quality of semen after thawing with the best motility was an average of 58.68 ± 4.46 using Andromed diluent + 15% egg yolk. For C3 diluent, the highest motility (44.2%) was in CEP + egg yolk 10% diluent. The conclusion of this research is that Andromed diluent could maintain the quality of Donggala bull semen after thawing
Addition of Cricket Flour (Gryllus sp.) in the ration to increase the essential fatty acid content in Mirah chicken eggs
Full text linkThe quality of chicken eggs is greatly influenced by the feed given to the chickens. Cricket flour (Gryllus sp) contains saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding cricket flour to feed on the content of essential fatty acids in Mirah chicken eggs. The Mirah chickens used in this study were 32 with an age of 8 months. The cage used in the study was a battery cage with a partition for each chicken. The cricket flour used was purchased online and comes from processed fresh crickets that are dried and ground into flour for feed mixture. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments. Each treatment was repeated 4 times and each replication with 2 Mirah chickens. The treatments used were 4 types, namely: P0 100% commercial feed, P1 Commercial feed + 4% cricket flour, P1 commercial feed + 8% cricket flour and P3 commercial feed + 12% cricket flour. The parameters measured were Daily Ration Consumption (DRC), percentage of Stearic Acid, Elaidic Acid, Linoleic Acid and percentage of Oleic Acid. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between treatments were continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on stearic acid but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on other parameters, with these results it can be concluded that the addition of cricket flour up to 8% can reduce stearic acid
Study of cinnamon leaf powder (Cinnamomum burmannii Ness ex. Bl) as a source of cinnamaldehyde on in vitro feed digestibility
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the effect of adding cinnamon leaf powder (Cinnamomum burmannii Ness ex. BI) as a source of cinnamaldehyde at different levels on in vitro nutrient digestibility, namely dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF) in the rumen, post-rumen, as well as total digestibility. The treatments consisted of a control diet (without cinnamon leaf powder) and rations supplemented with 1, 2, 3, and 4% DM feed, equivalent to cinnamaldehyde 16, 32, 48, and 64 mg/kg DM feed. A two-stage in vitro method was used for 48 hours to determine rumen digestibility and 96 hours for total digestibility, with three replications. The variables observed were dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, and crude fiber digestibility in the rumen, post-rumen, and total. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that increasing the level of cinnamon leaf powder up to 3% increased the digestibility of DM in the rumen, CP in post-rumen, and DM and CP in total, but if the level was added to 4% it would decrease the level of digestibility in the rumen and total digestibility. It can be concluded that adding of 3% cinnamon leaf powder, equivalent to cinnamaldehyde 48 mg/kg of feed DM, increase total DM and CP digestibility and protect feed protein from microbial degradation in the rumen