Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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An unusual case of ectrodactyly in a free-living European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus, Linnaeus 1758)
Get PDFThis report aimed to present a case of ectrodactyly in a free-living adult female Erinaceus europaeus. At radiography and post-mortem dissection, the right hind limb developed 2 digits and aplasia of 3 digits. No other abnormality was found in this case. Various teratogens may be responsible for occurring skeletal anomalies. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of ectrodactyly in this species
Impact of using phytase enzyme with different levels of calcium and phosphorus on broiler chickens performance, carcass traits and blood parameters
Get PDFA five week feeding study was carried out to assess the effects of phytase enzyme with different level of calcium and available phosphorus on Ross 308 broilers on performance, carcass traits and deposition of calcium and phosphorus on serum and tibia of broiler chickens. One hundred and sixty-eight one day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used. The birds were weighed and assigned to equal six treatment groups with fixed calcium to phosphorus ratio 2:1. Each two treatments have the same value of available phosphorus according feeding stage but one of them with supplementation of Hiphos GT (100gm/ton phytase enzyme unit FTU/Kg) and the other one without supplementation in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had four replicates and each replicate contains seven chicks. The results showed that phytase enzyme supplementation with available phosphorus 0.5% and 0.45% significantly elevated (P < 0.05) body weight, body weight gain and feed intake, and reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in starter period. All parameters in grower, finisher period and overall showed non-significant for all groups. Moreover, the highest significant value from all other groups in liver enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, founded in broilers fed the diet with phytase enzyme and available phosphorus 0.40% and without phytase enzyme in creatinine. Calcium value with available phosphorus 0.35% with phytase enzyme showed high significance. In Phosphorus we found that usage of phytase enzyme with available phosphorus 0.30% and 0.35% as same as 0.35% without phytase. In weight, eviscerated and dressing usage of phytase enzyme with available phosphorus 0.4% revealed the highest significant difference from all groups. Thigh, breast and drumstick value showed non-significant difference from all other groups
Impact of different levels of calcium and phosphorus in diet of broiler chickens on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters
Get PDFA five week feeding study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different levels of calcium, available phosphorus (AP) on broiler performance, carcass traits and deposition of calcium and phosphorus in serum and tibia of broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty two one day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used. The birds were weighed and assigned to equal nine treatment groups: three calcium to phosphorus ratios were used, 2:1, 1.75:1, and 1.5:1, there were three different values of available phosphorus for each calcium into phosphorus ratio according to the feeding stage. Each treatment had four replicates and each replicate contained seven chicks. The results showed that during starter stage, performance at available phosphorus 0.5% and 0.45% were significantly higher than that of 0.4% regardless of calcium levels for body weight, body weight gain and high feed intake, but during the finisher period, there was no significant difference between treatments. Treatment with Ca level 1.5 and AP 0.4% is the same result of treatment with Ca level 2 and AP 0.5%in all stages. Treatment with Ca level 1.75 and AP 0.35% showed the highest serum ALT, Ca and P measurements and non-significant changes in treatments with AP 0.4. AST and creatinine in treatments with AP 0.3% showed significant decreases compared to treatments with AP 0.4%. Increasing of Ca level and P availability resulted in decreased Ca levels in ash in all stages. Increasing P availability resulted in decreased P levels in all stages. Phosphorus availability 0.4% showed high significant differences from AP 0.3% in weight, eviscerated, dressing and breast. Drumstick and thigh in all treatments were the same except the high Ca level 1.5 with AP 0.35% and Ca level 2 with AP 0.3%, which showed the lowest significant difference from other treatments. It could be concluded that calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) utilization at low rate with low available phosphorus could be effective
Tissue culture-based preparation and validation of the turkey pox virus vaccine
Get PDFTurkey Pox Virus (TKPV) is one of avipox virus affecting poultry breeding causing many economic losses due to general skin lesion on the non-feathered area of the body (cutaneous form) and may be fatal in case of diphtheritic form. Turkey breeding in Egypt is getting a lot of attention lately so the disease of turkey get more concern, the most important disease that causes loses is (TKPV). The most effective way to control the disease is vaccination the birds with suitable vaccine protecting against the circulating virus therefor this study for production of TKPV vaccine. TKPV was isolated by inoculation of eleven day old embryonated chicken egg on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) then the egg adapted TKPV was propagated on chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) till adaptation at the 15th passage when titer was reaching to log 10 5.5 TCID 50/ ml . The adapted virus was transmitted to Vero cell line to produce the qualified vaccine. All quality control measures approved that the vaccine is ready to be used to control the TKPV disease in Egypt. C4L like gene expression was employed to evaluate TKPV virulence via Quantitative RT-PCR to ensure TKPV attenuation that begin from the 15th passage till complete attenuation at the 20th passage
Potency of a combined Peste des petits ruminants and sheep pox freeze dried vaccine
Get PDFÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Pest des petits ruminants (PPR) and sheep pox (SP) viruses represent a hazard facing the sheep population. The present work dealt with the preparation of a combined live attenuated vaccine that protects sheep against the two diseases. Successfully, combined Peste des petits ruminants and sheep pox freeze-dried vaccine was proven to sterile and be free from different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma contaminants; safe (as no atypical reaction either local or systemic in mice and sheep and did not affect close contact unvaccinated sheep) and potent (providing vaccinated sheep with high protective specific immunity against both causative viruses) for 6 months (the experimental period) suggesting that such immunity will remain to not less than one year. It could be recommended the use of such a vaccine to control the two diseases using one shot of vaccination saves time, effort, and cost.Â
Furan and cadmium combined treatment‐ potentiated renal damage: Role of oxidative damage
Get PDFFuran (FU) is a common food contaminant and environmental pollutant. While Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental contaminant that poses a risk to the health of humans and animals. The goal of the current study was to assess the combined effects of FU and Cd on the kidney of male albino rats. Five groups of rats were designed: Cr-water, Cr-oil, FU (16 mg/kg b.w), Cd (2 mg/kg b.w), and FU+Cd, rats were co-treated with both FU and Cd. All treatments were given orally for 30 days. Renal function testing revealed severe biochemical changes in the rats, indicating substantial tissue injury. In addition, there was a notable rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a fall in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Also, prominent histopathological alterations in renal tissues were noticed. Additionally, FU and/or Cd significantly up-regulated the expression profile of Kim-1, and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and iNOS). Meanwhile, Aqp1, and Aqp2 m-RNA genes expression were significantly downregulated along with significant upregulation of apoptotic proteins (PCNA). Intriguingly, the concurrent FU and Cd intoxication elicited additional extensive renal injury than their individual exposure
Quercetin or Rosmary extract mitigates Manganese chloride-induced Neurotoxicity through Regulation of DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation and alleviation of apoptosis in rats
Get PDFManganese (Mn) is a necessary trace mineral, but imbalanced levels in the body can lead to neurotoxicity. The neurotoxicity of manganese chloride (MnCl2) is associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration, oxidative damage and neuro-inflammation. This study was conducted to assess the neuroprotective effects of quercetin or rosemary extract on neurotoxicity induced by MnCl2 in rats. Twenty-eight male albino rats were separated into four identical groups. G1(normal control): Rats were provided with purified water. G2 (MnCl2): Rats were orally administered MnCl2 at a dose of 1/25 LD50 (59.36 mg/kg b.wt) five times a week for six consecutive weeks. G3 (MnCl2+ Quercetin): Rats were given MnCl2 (59.36 mg/kg b.wt) along with Quercetin (50 mg/kg b.wt/day). G4 (MnCl2+ Rosemary extract): Rats were given MnCl2 (59.36 mg/kg b.wt) along with Rosemary extract (200 mg/kg b.wt/day). Results indicated that a significant upregulation of HAT1, HDAC1, and Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) gene expression with Global DNA hyper-methylation were observed in brain of MnCl2 exposed rats. Meanwhile, Quercetin or Rosmary extract co-treatment with MnCl2 induce significant downregulation of HAT1,HDAC1 and PI3K expression with major Global DNA hypo-methylation in the brain of rats. Additionally, treating manganese-exposed rats with quercetin or Rosemary extract also resulted in the preservation of the brain's histological structure. This results suggest that quercetin and rosemary can modulate alterations in histone acetylation in rats brain cells when exposed to manganese through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. 
Making the most out of energy content in broiler diets using xylanase, emulsifier, and guanidinoacetic acid mixtures
Get PDFThis research endeavour examined several nutritional approaches aimed at optimising the energy content of the broiler diets using mixtures with distinct mechanisms of action in low metabolisable energy diet (LME). Within this context, the impact of various xylanase (Xyl), emulsifier (EM), and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) mixtures supplemented to LME diets were investigated on the following parameters: growth performance, energy and protein efficiency ratios, oxidative biomarkers, gene expression, and intestinal morphology. Seven hundred one-day-old (Ross 308) male-broilers were assigned to five experimental treatments (28 birds/replicate). The positive control group (PC) fed as breed-recommendations. A dietary change was made to the PC, where the dietary energy content was reduced by 200 kcal/kg feed, served as negative control group (NC). The other experimental diets were as in NC group, fortified with either Xyl+EM, Xyl+GAA or Xyl+EM+GAA. The results demonstrated a negative impact on the NC group’s productivity and biometric parameters compared to the PC group (p < 0.05). Combinations of Xyl+GAA or Xyl+EM+GAA were as effective as PC in term of growth performance (p > 0.05), but they were more efficient in terms of energy efficiency ratio (p < 0.05). In contrast to the PC group, The Xyl+EM group had lower protein efficiency ratio (p <0.05). The oxidative biomarkers, gene expression, and intestinal morphology of the NC groups supplemented with various mixtures were better than those of the PC group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the overall benefits in the Xyl+EM+GAA group were notable. It is possible to compensate for LME (-200 kcal/kg feed) by using Xyl+EM+GAA mixture
Evaluation of testicular outcomes following laparoscopic assisted orchidopexy in dogs
Get PDFCryptorchidism is a common congenital abnormality encountered in dogs. The commonly used treatment for this condition is orchiectomy or orchidectomy. Surgical placement and fixation of the cryptorchid testicle into the scrotum, referred to as orchiopexy, is used in humans. The treatment of cryptorchidism by orchiopexy in dogs is a controversial topic due to the hereditary nature of cryptorchidism in dogs. The present study was focusing for the first time on long-term monitoring of the testicular soundness and function following laparoscopic orchidopexy in young dogs (180 ± 14 days). Seventeen (n = 17) German shepherd young dogs (180 ± 14 days) were included in the study. All cases enrolled in this study underwent laparoscopic testicular descent and orchidopexy. Ten days postoperatively, the dogs were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound to assess the testicular blood flow. At age of 18 - 20 months, semen parameters were evaluated in all treated dogs. Clinically, the abdominal wounds were healed 3 - 4 days after surgery with complete absence of all signs of infection, pain or discomfort. Testicular volume (TV; cm3) and thickness of the mediastinum line (MT; mm) were within normal values (8.65 ± 0.25 cm3 and 1.11 ± 0.85 mm), with normal testicular blood flow. The mean values of semen parameters were (82.68% for individual motility and 90.35% for the percentage of live sperm). In conclusion, laparoscopic descent and orchidopexy can be utilized with keeping the normal testicular functions when performed at young aged dogs (180 ± 14 days)
Protective and therapeutic effects of empagliflozin in nephrotoxicity induced by 5-Fluorouracil in rats: Role of caspase-3, inflammation and oxidative stress
Get PDFEmpagliflozin (EMPA) is a glucose-lowering agent that is widely used for treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. This work aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of EMPA and NAC in treating nephrotoxicity caused by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in male Albino Wistar rats. 48 rats were divided into 6 groups: The first group used as negative control. The second received 20 mg/kg of 5-FU intraperitoneally for 6 days. The third group received 5-FU plus 10 mg/kg EMPA orally for 10 days. The fourth group received EMPA 10 days before the injection of 5-FU. The fifth group received 5-FU plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 40 mg/kg. The sixth group received 5-FU, NAC plus EMPA. Biochemical evaluation for urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and GSH and MDA in renal homogenate were done. Histopathological examination of kidneys was done with immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3. The nephrotoxic effect of 5‑FU was characterized by elevation of creatinine, urea, uric acid, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β with reduction of albumin and GSH. EMPA caused improvement in kidney status especially when used therapeutically or with NAC. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that EMPA caused a reduction in the expression of caspase-3. EMPA is an effective drug in cases of 5-FU induced nephrotoxicity. It is more effective when used as a treatment rather than a prophylactic strategy. The effect of EMPA is enhanced when combined with NAC. EMPA nephroprotective effect is mediated via antioxidant, antiinflammatory effects and by decreasing the expression of renal caspase-3.