Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Rumen fluid profiles and environmental cost of production in weaned thin-tailed lambs given different levels of feeding
Get PDFThis study was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of feeding on rumen fluid profiles and environmental cost of weaned Thin-tailed lambs. As many as 21 weaned male lambs were allocated into 3 feeding levels in a completely randomized design. The treatments were low (4% BW; T1), medium (5.5% BW; T2) and high feeding level (ad libitum; T3). Each treatment consisted of seven replicates. This study showed that lambs fed T3 had highest dry matter intake (DMI; 7.9%BW; 1516g/d) than that of T1 and T2 which were significantly different (p<0.05). The digestibility was similar in all treatments (averaged 60.21%; p>0.05). Lambs fed T3 had higher acetate (112.86 mM), propionate (41.14 mM), and butyrate (31.30 mM) concentrations at 6h after feeding (p<0.05). There was no significant effect of feeding levels on ammonia concentrations of rumen fluid at (p>0.05). Microbial nitrogen production of lambs was not significantly different (averaged 2.69 g/d; p>0.05). Lambs given T3 had the highest ADG (202 g/d; p<0.05) and the lowest methane emission production per unit body weight gain (0.54 L/gADG; p<0.05). In conclusion, the rumen fluid ammonia and VFA in the lamb are stable at high feeding level. The environmental cost of lamb fattening is lower when the lamb is kept under a high feeding level (ad libitum)
Rapid detection of meat adulteration in chicken and rabbit meat based on spectra information by using a shortwave near infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy technique
Get PDFThe food industry is increasingly concerned about meat adulteration due to its detrimental effects on food safety and consumer trust. The rapid detection of adulteration in minced chicken and rabbit meat was the focus of this study, which examined the potential of shortwave near-infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy. Spectral preprocessing techniques, such as Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Savitzky–Golay derivatives (SG1, SG2), and smoothing, were employed to analyze adulterated samples at six substitution levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). The water-related (970, 1450, 1940 nm) and fat-related (1200, 1720, 2300 nm) regions exhibited distinct absorption features that varied systematically with the extent of adulteration. The separation of pure and mixed samples was clearly defined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) demonstrated robust predictive performance (R²cal > 0.90; R²pred ≈ 0.85–0.88) following preprocessing. Most misclassifications occurred between adjacent levels of adulteration, with a classification accuracy that surpassed 80%. These results indicate that SW-NIR spectroscopy, when applied in conjunction with suitable chemometric modeling, provides a rapid, non-destructive, and dependable approach to the identification of adulteration in rabbit and chicken meat. This is primarily due to variations in fat and water composition
Changes in water activity, free fatty acids, peroxide number, fat content, moisture content, color, and appearance of beef sausage with corn oil replacement and sodium erythorbate addition during storage period
Get PDFSausage is widely recognized as a popular processed meat product in contemporary society. The oil frequently used in emulsions is palm oil which is high in saturated fatty acids. To develop a healthier alternative, corn oil replacement process was implemented in the sausage formulation. This study aims to identify the changes in water activity, peroxide number, free fatty acids, fat content, moisture content, color, and appearance in beef sausage with corn oil replacement and the addition of sodium erythorbate during storage period. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software and presented in a two-dimensional line graph included with trendline, linear equation, and correlation coefficient (R2) to observe the changes in parameters over the storage period. The results indicated that the water activity of the sausage ranged from 0.716 - 0.791; free fatty acids ranged from 0.63% - 1.00%; peroxide number ranged from 0.012 meq/kg - 0.053 meq/kg; fat content ranged from 10.17% - 14.70%; and moisture content ranged from 11.86% - 15.26%. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the addition of sodium erythorbate into beef sausage inhibits the rate of fat oxidation during storage. This conclusion is supported by the changes in peroxide number, free fatty acids, and fat content that varied among treatments. Throughout the storage period, the addition of sodium erythorbate positively affected the oxidative stability of beef sausage with corn oil replacement
Insights on the utilization of protein alternative maggot (Hermetia illucens) and earthworm (Lumbricus sp.) as feed in poultry: A review
Get PDFThe poultry industry is continuously seeking sustainable, nutritionally balanced, and cost-effective feed ingredients to improve production efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. Maggot (Hermetia illucens) and earthworm (Lumbricus sp.) have emerged as promising alternative animal protein sources due to their high-quality protein, balanced essential amino acids, beneficial fatty acids, and bioactive compounds that support growth performance, gut health, and immune function in poultry. Their cultivation also utilizes organic waste substrates, contributing to waste reduction and the development of a circular bioeconomy. This review synthesizes scientific findings on the nutritional characteristics, processing methods, and practical applications of maggots and earthworms in poultry feed formulations. Literature analysis indicates that these alternative proteins can enhance feed conversion ratio, carcass quality, and overall production performance when incorporated at optimal inclusion levels. Nonetheless, variations in nutrient composition, potential microbial contamination, and limited consumer acceptance remain key challenges. Further research is recommended to develop standardized rearing and processing protocols, ensure feed safety, and evaluate long-term effects on poultry productivity and product quality
Relationship between virulence and antibiotic resistant genes in some Gram negative bacteria causing diarrhea in calves
Get PDFDiarrhea in calves is a multifactorial disease. It is the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in calves during the first three weeks of life, resulting in negative economic effects on the livestock industry worldwide. In the current study a total of 80 fecal samples from diarrheic calves were collected and bacteriologically examined. The results revealed that 72 out of 80 samples were positive for variety of Gram negative bacteria in percentage of 90%. Enterobacteriaceae were predominant, with the isolation of E. coli (37.5%) which serotyped to (O164:K, O125:K70 ,O86:K61, O111:K58 , O119:K69, O78:K80 and O44:K70) and Klebsiella oxytoca (33.3%), while Salmonella were in percentage of 9.7% and serotyped to ( S. Typhimurium, S. Montevideo, S. Mississippi and S. Infantis)other isolates included : protues sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundiiin percentage of 9.9%, 5.6% and 4.2%, respectively .There was a high level of antimicrobial resistance among isolates. All tested isolates salmonella and E. coli were multiple antimicrobial resistance. Virulence genes (invA, stn, bcfc) were detected in all tested isolates of Salmonella while (ompT (100%), papC (71.42%), astA (42.85%) were detected in tested E. coli isolates. Resistance genes (blaTEM (100%) and, TetA(A), Sul1) were detected in most tested isolates. This study highlights the significant level of multiple resistance to antimicrobials and its high relation with virulence in these pathogens, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and targeted treatment and stressing the dangers associated with the use of antibiotics on a random basis
Efficacy of pumpkin and onion essential oils against isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cheese: a comparative study
Get PDFGreater resistance to environmental aggressors, including resistance to antibiotics and other disinfectants is a characteristic of the Pseudomonas spp. Consequently, one of the current study's goals was to isolate Pseudomonas spp. from 165 cheese samples (55 each of Tallaga, Bramily, and Ras cheese) were collected from various dairy markets and shops in Assiut city, Egypt. The isolates were identified and tested for 16S rRNA, showing positive results. According to the collected data, pseudomonas spp. was found in 42.42% of the samples that were investigated, while pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 10.9% of the samples. Then, the effects of essential oils (EOs) of pumpkin (P) and onion (EO) on the viability of pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the prepared onion EO (OEO) and pumpkin EO (PEO) was detected. Tallaga cheese samples were produced utilizing the MIC of the two prepared Eos separately. The agar well diffusion method was used to assess the influence of EOs, and the results showed that the MIC for PEO and OEO was 0.39%. In conclusion, after Tallaga cheese manufacturing, the OEO proved to be the most effective against pseudomonas aeruginosa. with a count of 5 log10 at 0 h and <1 after the first week
Ameliorative effect of cinnamon and its nanoemulsion on quality of beef burger during refrigerated storage
Get PDFIn the present research, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and it's nanoemulsion was studied to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial effect against Salmonella Typhimurium artificially inoculated in beef burger stored at 4±1°C. The active phenolic compounds of CEO were studied using GC/MS analyses and the antibacterial activity of CEO and Nano-emulsion (CNE) against S. Typhimurium was determined and the result of MIC was 0.3%. The obtained results showed that the sensory properties of different treated burger samples during cold storage (4ºC) were enhanced by using CEO and CNE with different concentrations compared to the untreated (control) samples after 5 days of the storage period with significant difference (P-Value <0.05) by both concentrations of CNE. Moreover, during storage, pH and TBA values increased slightly, and the rise became more obvious for control on 7th day of the storage then spoiled. For samples incorporated with CNE (MIC2), which maintained accepted pH of meat up to 12th day of the storage. Regarding various treatments, the antibacterial effectiveness of CEO and CNE demonstrated a potential impact on the APC and overall yeast and mold count. Using natural antibacterial CEO could be the solutions reducing chemical preservation in fresh and refrigerated meat products. Cinnamon NE is a promising cost effective, innovative eco-friendly preservatives in meat production
A strategic plan to improve fertility rates after handling dystocia in Egyptian buffaloes
Get PDFThe study investigated how veterinarians' management decisions during dystocia affected postpartum fertility in buffaloes. Conducted from October 2020 to September 2023, the study examined 288 buffaloes out of 655 dystocia cases observed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt. Dystocia was evident in all the cases reviewed, as reported by the owners. After conducting vaginal examinations, the selected cases were identified to have fetal malposition (FM), incomplete cervical dilatation (ICD), or uterine torsion (UT). Out of the 288 buffaloes included in the study, 192 were chosen to test the research hypothesis. The first line of treatment for these animals involved either a cesarean section (n = 75), correction of fetal malposition (n = 35), management of insufficient cervical dilatation (n = 27), or detorsion of uterine torsion (n = 55). In the number of cases where the initial treatment was unsuccessful—such as fetal malposition (n = 20), incomplete cervical dilatation (n = 12), or uterine torsion (n = 20)—a cesarean section was performed as a secondary option to resolve the issues causing the failure of fetal expulsion
Cinnamon zeylanicum extract improves some metabolic disorders associated with polycystic ovary syndrome by modulating miR-21/SIRT-1/GSK-3β pathways
Get PDFPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a commonly occurring condition, influencing both metabolic and reproductive system-related functions. Hence, the objective of this research was to examine the possibility influence of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) on hormonal disorders, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation and some gene expressions in rats with PCOS pathogenesis. 50 female albino rats were classified into five groups: Control group: rats were received no medication. Induced PCOS Group: rats were treated daily with Letrozole at dose 1 mg/kg for 28 days. Metformin group: rats were given metformin at dose 150 mg/kg for 30 days after receiving Letrozole. Cinnamomum zeylanicum group: rats received Letrozole like group II and treated for 30 days with 200 mg/kg of the hydroalcoholic extract of CZ. Metformin + CZ group: rats given daily metformin and hydroalcoholic extract of CZ for 30 days after Letrozole administration. PCOS Rats exhibited a marked elevation of serum testosterone and LH hormone with a marked decrease of FSH hormone. A significant increase in insulin and glucose concentrations, augmented in TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations, upregulation of GSK-3β and miRNA-21 genes, and downregulation of SIRT-1 expression. Histopathological examination revealed multiple ovarian cysts with a notable absence of corpora lutea, increased stromal thickness, hyperplasia of the theca cells, and follicular arrest. Management of diseased rats with CZ extract showed noticeable improvement in all parameters. The findings indicate that cinnamonaldehyde in Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract has beneficial effects on hormonal imbalance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation underscoring its potential as a treatment approach for PCOS.
The crucial influence of nano-copper (nano-Cu) on rumen function, ruminant productivity, and reproduction
Get PDFThe requirements and factors that affect dietary requirements for various trace minerals and vitamins in ruminants remain poorly defined. Copper (Cu) is recognized for its pivotal role in the cellular osmotic balancing system, thereby contributing to numerous metabolic mechanisms in livestock. However, the provision is still often neglected to be given. Nanoparticle technology has emerged as promising approach to pursuit of optimizing the functionality and efficacy of feed mineral consumption. The objective of this article was to review the criteria and effects of supplementary feeding of nanomineral copper (nano-Cu) on rumen function, productivity and reproductive ability in ruminants. Additionally, the manufacturing process of nano-minerals was also briefly discussed that has not been widely published. The primary source of information reviewed for this article is published scientific literature