Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Differences in processing methods on hedonic, physical quality, and fat content of chicken floss
Get PDFChicken floss is a processed product of chicken meat that has a long shelf life. Frying is the most used method in the production of chicken floss; however, it often leads to a product with high fat content, which may raise health concerns among consumers. Consequently, alternative techniques such as oven and air frying are being explored to develop a healthier version of chicken floss without compromising its sensory appeal. This study investigates the impact of three different cooking methods (oil, air, and oven frying) on the consumer acceptance, physical properties, and fat content of chicken floss. By comparing these techniques, the research aims to identify a healthier yet appealing alternative to traditional frying methods. The observed parameters included fat content, water activity (aw), color (lightness (L*), red-green axis (a*), yellow-blue axis (b*) values), and hedonic attributes such as aroma, color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The results showed that the cooking method significantly (p<0.05) affected fat content, water activity, and color parameters of the chicken floss. The oil frying method produced chicken floss with a yellowish-brown color, the highest aw value, and the highest fat content (23.06%). In contrast, air frying resulted in the lowest aw (0.55) and fat content. The oven frying method produced a lighter-colored product with fat content between the other two treatments. Hedonic analysis indicated that the panelists equally well accepted products from all three processing methods. Air frying and oven frying represent viable alternatives for health-conscious consumers, providing a promising reduction in fat content
Assessing the effectiveness of livestock waste management training in promoting technology adoption among farmers
Get PDFLivestock waste is an environmental challenge that has the potential to provide benefits if managed effectively. However, suboptimal waste management in various regions of Indonesia indicates a need for targeted training programs for farmers. This study investigated the key factors that affect how farmers adopt livestock waste management technologies after participating in training programs. A quantitative research approach focusing on causal relationships is employed using training and adoption theories. Interviews and online questionnaires are administered to 240 participants from the Animal Husbandry Training Centre in Songgoriti, Batu. The collected data were analyzed using linear regression to assess the effects. The factors examined in this study include research progress, business scale (number of livestock), type of livestock, age, farming experience, education level, and family size. The results of the study indicate that technology adoption is significantly influenced by three main factors, namely training effectiveness, farm scale (number of livestock), and type of livestock. In contrast, age, farming experience, education level, and family size do not significantly affect the adoption of waste management technologies
Incorporation of green-synthetized ZnONPs in chitosan coating on the internal quality of chicken eggs
Get PDFChicken eggs as one of nutritious food have limiting shelf life. Incorporating ZnONP derived from green synthesis methods using plant extract in composite coating with chitosan might help extending the chicken eggs shelf life. The research involved the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via ethanolic Menta piperita extract, incorporation in chitosan then followed by coating application on chicken eggs. The coated eggs were stored for 6 weeks. The coating treatments include chitosan 1%; chitosan + ZnONP 0.05%; chitosan + ZnONP 0.1% and control. Parameter observed involved weight loss; Haugh Unit, egg yolk index, pH, air sac diameter and microbial test. The results indicated that The ZnONP derived from ethanolic Menta piperita extract, which contained 96.69 ± 0.06 mg EAG/g phenol, yielded relatively homogenous nanoparticles ranging from 50.38 to 99.87 nm. The integration of ZnO nanoparticles into the chitosan matrix as a coating material can reduce egg spoilage, thereby extending their shelf life. Egg coated over six weeks storage showed that the chitosan-based coating reduced the weight loss, enhanced the Haugh units value, and egg yolk index and maintain pH compared to control. Incorporation of ZnONP in chitosan did not enhance coating performance significantly compared to chitosan itshelf
Screening leptin gene target for PCR-RFLP and heterosis value in crossbred cattle
Get PDF Crossbreeding enhances the genetic potential of livestock, with Brahman Cross cattle excel in adaptability, while Belgian Blue crossbred and Galician Blonde Crossbred exhibit superior growth. This study aimed to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations in the leptin gene, identify appropriate restriction enzymes, evaluate heterosis effects, and assess the association with growth traits in Brahman Cross, Belgian Blue crossbred, and Galician Blonde crossbred cattle. A total of 115 cattle were genotyped, consisting of 10 Brahman Cross, 20 Galician Blonde Crossbred, and 85 Belgian Blue crossbred. Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted. Amplification DNA of the leptin gene were performed using PCR method. The SNP analysis revealed that Belgian Blue crossbred has highest SNPs (17 SNPs) than Galician Blonde crossbred (9 SNPs) and Brahman Cross (10 SNPs) from a total of 25 SNPs. The BmgBI restriction enzyme was spesific for Belgian Blue Crossbred genotyping, and HindIII restriction enzyme was selected as a candidate marker for genotyping bethween Brahman Cross, Galacian Blonde crossbred, and Belgian Blue crossbred. The association of genotype and growth trait in Brahman Cross cattle was not significant. The TC genotype in Belgian Blue crossbred showed superior growth traits at birth, weaning, and one year of age. Meanwhile, the CC genotype in Galician Blonde crossbred was associated with better performance than the other genotypes. The heterosis analysis revealed that Belgian Blue crossbred displayed a higher heterosis effect compared to Galician Blonde crossbred. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations from this study contribute to a better understanding of variation in crossbred cattle in Indonesia. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic structure of the leptin gene and lay the foundation for marker assisted selection strategies
Utilization of Indigofera zollingeriana in layer feed on egg production and quality in Indonesia: A mini review
Get PDFIndigofera zolingeriana (IZ) is a nutrient-rich plant. It is rich in macronutrients, several minerals, and vitamins. This makes indigofera suitable for use as a feed ingredient or supplement for poultry. This review article aimed to collect and provide information on several research findings that use indigofera leaf meal as part of poultry feed. The methods used in this review article are literature review and descriptive method, which is a systematic and explicit method to identify, evaluate, and develop research results and ideas generated by researchers. The addition of indigofera leaf meal to poultry rations can affect egg production and egg quality. These include the number of eggs, egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, eggshell weight, and yolk score. The addition of indigofera leaf meal by 2% to 10% in feed can increase feed consumption and egg weight in layer. Several research cases reported that all indigofera leaf flour administration had a good effect and could maximize the benefits of indigofera leaves as feed, supplements and additives to increase poultry egg production and fertility
Porang flour functions as a plant-based hydrocolloid to improve technofunctional and sensory properties in duck meatball processing
Get PDFThe application of plant-based hydrocolloids in processed meat products has gained increasing attention due to growing consumer demand for clean-label and functional food ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of porang flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as a natural hydrocolloid on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of duck meatballs. Duck meatballs were prepared with varying concentrations of porang flour (0, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%) and compared with a control sample using agar powder as a binder. The results showed that the addition of porang flour led to a slight, non-significant increase in water content, while significantly improving cooking yield and water-binding capacity, particularly at 2% and 2.5% concentrations (p < 0.05). Texture profile analysis revealed that the porang flour enhanced hardness and cohesiveness without affecting springiness or adhesiveness. Sensory evaluation indicated that chewy texture improved significantly with higher porang levels, while other organoleptic attributes such as umami taste, fishy smell, and brown color remained unaffected. Hedonic testing showed moderate to high acceptance across all treatments, with no significant differences among formulations. Porang flour has shown significant promise as a clean-label binding agent in the production of duck meatballs, enhancing yield, water retention, and texture while maintaining sensory quality. These results endorse the application of porang flour as a functional, plant-based hydrocolloid for creating sustainable and consumer-friendly meat products
Effects of encapsulated Peperomia pellucida extract on growth performance, health status, and protein digestibility of broiler under high stocking density
Get PDFThis study examined how adding Peperomia pellucida extract affects growth performance, health status, and protein digestibility of broiler under high stocking density. A total of 290 Ross strain broiler chickens, each 8 days old and weighing approximately 205.63 ± 2.65 g, were used in this study. Their diets included yellow corn, rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal, limestone, premix, lysine, and methionine. This study used a random design with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were: T0 (normal space with 10 bird/m2 without Peperomia pellucida extract (PPE) or encapsulated Peperomia pellucida extract (EPPE)), T1 (high stocking density/HSD with 16 bird/m2 without PPE/EPPE), T2 (HSD with 16 bird/m2 plus 0.4% PPE), and T3 (HSD with 16 bird/m2 plus 0.4% EPPE). They measured the total lactic acid bacteria, coliforms, small intestine pH, oxidative status (malonylaldehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), protein digestibility, and performance (feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio). They used analysis of variance at a 5% significance level and Duncan's test when treatment effects were significant (p<0.05). The results showed that adding PPE or EPPE to the diet significantly affected (p<0.05) the total bacteria, pH of the small intestine, oxidative status, protein digestibility, and performance of broiler under high stocking density. The study concluded that adding 0.4% EPPE to the diet can improve small intestine bacteria, maintain oxidative balance, and boost protein use and performance in broiler under high stocking density
Evaluation of Medinilla speciosa fruit as natural feed additive for poultry through inhibition, resistance and antioxidant capacity tests
Get PDFThe study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of encapsulated Medinilla speciosa extract against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella, pH and bile salt resistance and antioxidant capacity (total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidants) in vitro. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, while freeze drying technique was done using freeze dryer. The main ingredients used were encapsulated Medinilla speciosa fruit extract (EMSFE) and maltodextrin solution (MS). The research design used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The levels of encapsulated Medinilla speciosa fruit extract included concentrations L-=100 (MS), L+=100 (EMSFE), L1=25 (EMSFE): 75 (MS), L2 = 50 (EMSFE): 50 (MS) and L3 = 75 (EMSFE): 25 (MS). Parameters measured included Escherichia coli and Salmonella inhibition, pH and bile salt resistance and antioxidant capacity (total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidants). Data were processed using variance analysis at 5% real level, if significant effect, Duncan test was conducted at 5% level. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of encapsulated Medinilla speciosa extract had a significant effect (p<0.05) on Escherichia coli and Salmonella inhibition, pH and bile salt resistance and antioxidant capacity (total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidants) in vitro. It was concluded that Medinilla speciosa extract encapsulated with a concentration of 75%:25% (L3) is able to pass through exposure to pepsin-HCl and bile salts and has a high inhibition zone against pathogenic bacteria and a mixture of Medinilla speciosa extract and maltodextrin solution can be used as a natural feed additive for poultry
Meta-analysis: Transport stress in goats alters body weight patterns across breeds and genders
Get PDFGoat farming relies on sustainable reliable production systems to ensure an economically favourable supply of products. One of the major challenges to goat farming systems is the stress induced by transportation that leads to loss of considerable body weight. This meta-analysis study aims to explore the gender-specific and breed-specific responses to transportation stress in goats. The analysis relies on 25 study observations with various breeds and conditions. By use of Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs), and effect sizes, the study explores the breed and gender-specific responses. The overall SMD for body weight is observed to be (–1.158; 95% CI: –1.645 to –0.671; p < 0.001). The Sub-group analysis for breed-specific response showed the breed Boerka (SMD = –3.401) and Anpera (SMD = –1.491) experienced the most weight loss, while Osmanabadi goats were largely unaffected. Gender differences were also evident, with females (SMD = –2.692) showing more pronounced weight loss than males (SMD = –0.855). These findings can help to improve the transportation strategy and overall animals welfare
Hematology profile of Pengging duck (Anas javanica) in starter period in response to Lactobacillus Salivarius I-11 probiotics as a feed additive and an alternative to replace antibiotics
Get PDFThe study was conducted with the purpose of studying the hematology profile of Pengging Duck (Anas javanica) in starter period given with probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius I-11 as feed additives as an alternative to replace antibiotics. The completely randomized design with 4, 5 replications and 10 units. There were 200 DOD male Pengging Ducks that are classified into 4 different treatments, that were: Treatment P0= Control, P1= Antibiotics, P2= 1 ml Probiotics Lactobacillus salivarius I-11; P3= 2 ml Probiotics Lactobacillus salivarius I-11. The parameters were duck blood profiles (in terms of the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit) and lymphocyte cell types (lymphocytes, heterophil and heterophil-lymphocytes ratio). Statistical analysis showed that control ducks had significantly lower amounts of erythrocytes, leucocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit (P <0.05) than those that were given antibiotics and probiotics. The result of statistical analysis showed that duck treated with Lactobacillus salivarius I-11 had percentage of lymphocyte cell and ratio of real lymphocyte heterophil (p < 0.05) lower than the control treatment group, but it is not significantly different in comparison to the antibiotics treatments. Providing I ml of Lactobacillus salivarius I-11 probiotics as feed additives can replace the use of antibiotics in ducks during the starter period which was observed from their hematological profile