Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Nanoparticles based drug delivery system: Recent development in treatment of some chronic diseases
Full text linkIn recent years nanotechnology has proven that nanoparticles acquire a great development in medical applications. Its combination with therapeutic drugs overcomes the limitations of free therapeutics. Further, these systems can deliver drug to specific tissues and provide controlled release therapy. This targeted and sustained drug delivery decreases the drug related toxicity and increases patient’s compliance with less frequent dosing. Recently, there are several outstanding applications of nanomedicine in the treatment of various chronic diseases. The current review presents an updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano-based drug delivery systems. This article emphasize the type of clinically used nanoparticles as well as their current delivery strategies for specific diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer, diabetes Meletus and osteoarthritis
Meta-Analysis: The effect of using fertility hormones with single ovulation synchronization and double ovulation synchronization methods on reproductive traits in dairy cows
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive parameters of dairy cows treated with reproductive hormones using the single ovulation synchronization (ovsynch) and double ovulation synchronization (double ovsynch) methods. This study used 33 article journals with parameters estrus percentage, ovulation percentage, corpus luteum formation percentage, pregnancy rate, conception rate and progesterone level. The article journals used of latest 35 years from 1990 to 2025. The methods used is meta-analysis. R Studio 4.4.2. were used for tools of statistical analysis. The results showed that the double ovsynch method is significantly effective (P<0.05) compared with ovsynch for estrus percentage, ovulation percentage and conception rate. Meanwhile, regarding the corpus luteum formation percentage, pregnancy rate and progesterone level showed that the double ovsynch method have no significant differences (P>0.05) compared with ovsynch. The conclusion of this research is the double ovsynch method was optimum than ovsynch method
Polymorphism of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene on local duck of West Sumatera
Full text linkThis research aimed to identify the polymorphism of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) gene on local duck of West Sumatra through PCR-RFLP. The samples used for this research were 45 blood samples of Pitalah ducks (37 females and 8 males) taken at UPT Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University. Blood samples were isolated with the (G-spinTM Total DNA Extraction Mini Kit protocol) from iNtRON Biotechnology genomic. The isolated DNA was amplified using a pair of primers F: 5'-CGC TGC TGA TTG GCT AGG A-3' and R: 5'-CCT CAC CGC ACG CTT ATT G-3’ target of 1043 bp and F: 5'- TAACACCACCATTCCCACCA-3' and R: 5'-GCGTGGTTACTTTAGAAGAGACA -3' target of 916 bp. The restriction enzymes HaeII step produced genotypes (+/-) 26 samples and (-/-) 19 samples with allele (+) 0,21 and allele (-) 0,79. Restriction enzymes HpyAV was produced genotypes (+/+) 17 samples, (+/-) 26 samples and (-/-) 2 samples with allele (+) 0.67 and allele (-) 0.33. The results of this research indicate that Pitalah duck population in West Sumatera was polymorphic and was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Detection of FimH gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from quail cloacal swab in Surabaya city market
Full text linkQuail is an alternative poultry besides chicken but is susceptible to various diseases, one of which is Klebsiella pneumonia infection. K. pneumoniae bacteria have 4 well-known virulence factors, namely fimbriae, capsules, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and siderophores. Fimbriae are hair-like proteins that extend from the cell surface. In K. pneumoniae, Fimbriae promote attachment to non-biological surfaces. Fimbriae are divided into types 1 and 3 according to the most studied. FimA, the major fimbriae subunit, FimH, and the minor apical adhesion protein make up type 1 fimbriae. FimH contains mannose and encourages adherence to the host surface. A robust biofilm is formed when bacteria bind to the surface, which is facilitated by increased expression of the FimH gene. The purpose of this study was to detect the FimH gene in K. pneumoniae in the Surabaya City market. A total of 130 cloacal swab samples were taken from five markets in Surabaya (Turi market, Cemara Pabean market, Bratang market, Kupang market, and Benowo market) and then planted on Mac Conkey agar and Gram stained on colonies suspected to be K. pneumoniae. Colonies on MCA media showed a pink color and were mucoid. Gram staining showed Gram-negative bacteria, short rods, single or paired. Biochemical testing was carried out with TSIA and iMViC (SIM, MR, VP, and SCA). Isolation and identification showed that the percentage of K. pneumoniae was found at 10% (13/130). PCR testing detected the FimH gene at 85% (11/13). K. pneumoniae bacteria carrying the FimH gene increase the risk of biofilm formation which can reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics to antibiotic resistance, thus potentially disrupting public health
Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Sulfaclozine on lipid profile of broilers chicken
Full text linkThe poultry industry plays a major role in satisfying the nation's meat consumption needs. Broiler meat is readily available and reasonably priced. This study sought to determine how Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when co-administered with a sulfonamide derivative (sulfaclozine 30%), affects broiler lipid profiles and protects against deleterious effects. In this experiment, 100 broilers that were 21 days old were split up into five groups. The first group served as a control, and the second group received sulfaclozine (30 mg/kg). Sulfaclozine 70 mg/kg b.w.t. was administered to the third group, followed by 1.5 gm/L of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed with 30 mg/kg b.w.t. for the fourth group and 1.5 gm/L of Saccharomyces cerevisiae combined with 70 mg/kg b.w.t. for the fifth group for 20 consecutive days. Lipid profiles were determined at 26, 31, 36, and 41 days of age, respectively. In the fourth and fifth groups treated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and different doses of sulfaclozine, the lipid profile decreased, except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the second and third groups treated with sulfaclozine, the lipid profile significantly increased, whereas HDL levels decreased. Ultimately, it was determined that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a secure and efficient method for assessing the adverse effects of sulfonamides
Exploration of endophytic fungi from leaf (Syzygium polyanthum wight) and its potential probiotic for poultry
Full text linkThe use of antibiotics may have a negative impact on animal health. There is an option use a probiotics that can improve intestinal health and performance. Fungi has a probiotic potential and one example is endophytic fungi that can produce various bioactive compounds which are needed to act as probiotic. The study aims to explore of endophytic fungi from Bay leaf and to evaluate its potential probiotic for poultry. The materials used leaves and petioles. The method was isolation, identification, assay of antifungal, antibacterial activity, acid and bile salt resistence The exploration got P. Echinulatum, P. Solitum , P. paneum , O. griseum , F. verticillioides and F. avenaceum. The highest number of colonies was O. griseum , the lowest of dominance to A. flavus was F. verticillioides, the widest of diameter of the inhibition zone to E. coli was F. verticillioides and S. aureus was .P echinulatum, the fastest growing on acidic media is F. avenaceum and on bile salt is F. avenaceum. The conclusion was the exploration got P. echinulatum, P. solitum, P. paneum, O. griseum F. avenaceum, and F. verticillioides. and P. echinulatum is the most potential species as a probiotic for poultry
Effects of compacted forage feeding on Indonesian cattle performance during prolonged sea transport
Full text linkCompacted forage forms such as wafers and pellets are rarely used in Indonesian cattle transport due to the need for feed adaptation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forage-based wafers and pellets in improving cattle performance during prolonged sea transport without the adaptation period to the feed. Two tests, both in vitro and in vivo, were conducted to assess feed quality and its impact on cattle performance. The first study evaluated digestibility of treatment and control feeds (straw and Indigofera) in the rumen. In the first experiment, three treatments (T1: straw, T2: indigofera, T3: straw + indigofera) and three repetitions were conducted, with a duplicate test at each repetition. The second study involved 20 cattle divided into four treatment groups with five duplicates each, testing feed efficiency with straw (control), pellet, wafer, and 10% Indigofera wafer supplementation. In the first experiment, it was observed that Indigofera exhibited the highest levels of Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), and gas production, whereas straw production was the lowest (P<0.05). In the second experiment, the wafer feed group exhibited the greatest increase in body weight gain (BWG), as well as the highest levels of feed consumption and drinking water consumption (P<0.05). The study concluded that providing compressed wafer-shaped forage feed can enhance cattle performance during sea transportation
Organic acids as promising alternatives to antibiotics in livestock production: Mechanisms and applications
Full text linkLivestock production has increased due to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock farming; nevertheless, this practice has resulted in serious issues with antimicrobial resistance and has an adverse effect on both human health and the environment. Therefore, the search for safe and effective alternatives becomes very important. Conventional antibiotics may eventually be replaced by organic acids such as butyric, propionic, acetic, and formic acids. These substances reduce the number of harmful microorganisms without affecting the good intestinal flora by lowering the pH of the gastrointestinal tract, breaking down the cell membranes of harmful bacteria, and preventing the action of crucial enzymes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that adding organic acids to livestock feed or drink can enhance the immune system, growth performance, and digestive health of animals, particularly pigs, cattle, and chickens. Its effectiveness is influenced by the type of acid, dose, dosage form, and digestive environmental conditions. In practice, organic acids can be used alone or in combination, as well as in conjunction with probiotics or prebiotics to maximize their synergistic effects. Although encouraging, obstacles still need to be addressed, including the stability of organic acids in feed, individual animal response variations, and production costs. Further research is needed to optimize effective usage strategies, dosages, and formulations. Therefore, organic acids present a potentially secure, effective, and sustainable substitute to lessen the livestock industry's need on antibiotics
Food safety evaluation of fresh meat in traditional markets: A case study in Semarang city, Indonesia
Full text linkFood safety plays an important role in ensuring the distribution of food products that are safe for consumption, such as beef. Beef is a source of animal protein with a high consumption rate. This study aimed to determine the differences in pH, temperature, physical quality, and hygiene sanitation of beef in three categories of traditional markets in Semarang City. This study uses 87 samples from 29 market. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and quantitatively using GraphPad Prism 9.5.0 software. The pH and temperature values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the analysis of physical quality and hygiene sanitation used the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of the study indicated that the pH, temperature, and physical quality of beef did not differ significantly (P>0.05) for each market category. Meanwhile, hygiene sanitation showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the three market categories
Evaluating Nigella sativa meal (black cumin meal) in lamb diets and its impact on the growth performance, digestion coefficient of nutrients, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding Nigella sativa meal (NSM) at varying levels on the performance of growth, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation of growing lamb. Thirty-five Rahmani lambs were divided into five groups at random for 90 days. NSM was added to the diets of lambs at 0%, 6%, 12%, 18% and 24% for G1 (control), G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively. The parameters measured were weight gain, feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance, and rumen fermentation. Lambs fed with NSM diets had significantly higher weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency compared with the control group. Nutrient digestibility like dry matter, crude protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrates were improved with the addition of NSM. Rumen values revealed increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations, with reduced protozoa and bacterial numbers. It could be concluded that, the inclusion of 18% NSM proved to be the most effective in enhancing final weight, nutrient digestibility, and rumen function