Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Prevalence and zoonotic implication of animal brucellosis in Libya: A systematic meta-analysis
Get PDFBrucellosis, a significant zoonotic bacterial infection, is transmitted from animals to humans through various Brucella species. The present report conducted a meta-analysis and focused on the prevalence of brucellosis and its zoonotic implication in Libya, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines throughout the systematic review process. The following databases were searched: Web of Science, Ovid, EBESCO, Sage, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A comprehensive search yielded eligible articles for data extraction and analysis. Employing a random-effects model, the analysis was executed using a specialized meta-analysis software, producing results that included effect size, confidence intervals (CI), heterogeneity metrics, and publication bias. In total, 16,980 animals were examined across 11 studies regarding brucella infection, with 1255 yielding positive results, resulting in a prevalence rate of 7.39 %. The peak prevalence rates (28.34%) occurred in the years 2010. From the random-effects analysis, the pooled effect size was 0.12, the Z-value calculated was -6.35 (p = 0.00) indicated statistical significance, while the heterogeneity metrics revealed a Q-value of 1512,16, I-squared of 99.33, and a p-value of 0.000. Furthermore, the results of Egger’s linear regression test suggested publication bias, yielding an intercept of -14.46 and a 95% CI ranging from – 35.76 to 6.75. the results of Egger’s linear regression test suggested publication bias, yielding an intercept of -14.46 and a 95% CI ranging from – 35.76 to 6.75. Overall, this meta-analysis underscores a significant prevalence of brucella infections in Libya, particularly highlighting zoonotic value. Consequently, a greater emphasis on disease prevention and control measures is warranted
Assessment of preservation and nutritional quality in tropical forage silage using an innovative modified silos system
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the physical quality of forage silage using a modified silo (MOSI) on a laboratory scale and address common problems in silage production, such as spoilage in the early phase of ensilage, by innovating a silo design that can effectively control airflow. This study used a factorial complete randomized design with two factors: wilting time (0 hours and 2 hours) and vacuum (vacuum and not vacuum). Fresh king grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was used as a forage material, divided into fresh and withered samples. The modified silo (MOSI) was equipped with an air valve to control air flow. Physical quality parameters such as pH, color, odor and texture were analyzed along with chemical composition, including dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and fiber content. The results showed that vacuum conditions significantly improved the physical quality of silage. The highest dry matter and organic matter contents were observed in the vacuum treatment without weathering. The study also found that vacuum conditions reduced spoilage and maintained better color, odor, and texture of silage compared to non-vacuum conditions. The interaction between weathering time and vacuum showed a significant effect on dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein content. Modified silos (MOSI) effectively improve the physical quality of tropical forage silage by controlling airflow and creating optimal anaerobic conditions. This innovation has the potential to reduce spoilage and improve overall silage quality, making it a valuable tool for forage preservation with effective air regulation within the silo during the ensilage process
The expression pattern of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and the related cytokine response in horses with allergic dermatitis
Get PDFAllergic dermatitis in horses is a prevalent clinical issue due to food allergy or insect bites and stings. The purpose of this research was to assess the correlation of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene and cytokines in horses suffering from allergic dermatitis. Forty horses diagnosed with allergic dermatitis and five clinically healthy horses were investigated. Serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was evaluated, and real-time PCR was conducted for relative quantitation of the mRNA expression level of the VDR gene in the blood samples of the horses. The horses with allergic dermatitis presented with pruritus, scabbing, alopecia confined to the lesion site, anxiety, and redness of the skin clinically. There was considerable elevation in IL-1β (p < 0.01) and TNF (p < 0.01) levels in horses with allergic dermatitis relative to clinically healthy horses. However, expression of the VDR gene was reduced (p < 0.001) considerably in horses with allergic dermatitis relative to controls. There was considerable correlation of IL-1β with TNF-α levels (r =, p = 0.001). Conversely, a negative correlation was noted between VDR expression and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. In conclusion, the findings in this study show that the VDR gene has a critical role to play in the context of allergic dermatitis in horses. More research needs to be conducted on the possibility of vitamin D as a preventative treatment for allergic dermatitis in clinical practice
Histological assessment of the quality, safety, and fraudulence risk of commercially frozen processed beef and chicken meat products
Get PDFEnsuring the quality and safety of frozen beef and chicken products is crucial for protecting human health, especially when food adulteration poses a major challenge. To fulfill this target, 120 samples of commercial frozen processed beef meat (beef burger, cocktail beef sausage, beef hotdog, beef salami) and chicken products (chicken burger, chicken cocktail sausage, chicken nuggets, chicken kofta), 15 samples each, were histologically examined to identify various unfavorable tissue types. Samples were subjected to tissue sectioning, then they were stained using both hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Crossmon’s trichrome stain to detect unauthorized plant or undesirable animal tissues. The findings revealed highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) adulteration in the majority of examined commercial frozen beef and chicken product samples, with the presence of unauthorized animal tissues such as lung, heart, smooth muscle, blood vessels, brain, intestine, uterus of a bitch, and excessive plant tissues with low skeletal muscle content. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of histological examination in detecting adulteration and evaluating the quality and safety of frozen beef and chicken products. The results highlight the need for strict control over formulation processes and continuous monitoring and inspection to ensure the quality and safety of frozen meat products
Economic and productive efficiency analysis for meat chicken breeds under different management systems
Get PDFThe managemental and environmental factors had an impact on the efficiency of broiler production, so our study aimed to inspect the influence of market age, season, and stocking density within various breeds on productive and economic efficiency. several cycles of variants broiler breeds (Cobb, Ross, Arbor acres, Avian, and Indian river) were collected from EL-Kaliobia, EL-Dakahlia, and EL-Menofia, about 115 cycles between 2021 to 2022. Our results showed that the Indian River breed recorded the highest feed intake (FI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), feed cost, total variable cost (TVC), and total cost (TC). They recorded the lowest gross margin (GM) and net profit (NP). Concerning marketing age, the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed cost, total variable cost (TVC), total cost (TC), total return (TR), gross margin (GM), and net profit (NP) increased as market age increased. while average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased gradually as market age increased. The season significantly affected ADG and ADFI increased in winter compared to summer, while gross margin increased in summer compared to winter. birds raised at stocking density 9-11 birds/m2 showed higher body weight yield, BWG yield, FI, feed cost, TVC, TC, bird selling, and TR than birds raised at lower stocking density. So, it could be concluded that breeds, marketing age, season, and stocking density all significantly impact the profitability and performance of broiler chickens in Egypt
Evaluation of Friesian Holstein frozen semen storage time for 33, 30, 27, and 24 years based on sperm morphologic and related variables
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate Friesian Holstein's frozen semen storage time for 33, 30, 27, and 24 years based on sperm morphologic and related variables. The sample used in this research was frozen semen from Frisian Holstein which were stored in the Sperm Bank of the Singosari Artificial Insemination Center, Malang. The level of MDA was measured using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Examination of the intact acrosomal cap using formol saline was then examined under a microscope. The chromatin maturity examination used a drop of semen immersed in a 10% solution of formaldehyde at room temperature for 30 minutes and rinsed twice with a PBS solution for five and then examined under the microscope. The chromatin integrity examination used a smear of one drop of semen prepared on a glass object, air-dried, and subsequently fixed in a solution of 96% ethanol and acetone at 4°C for 30 minutes, and then examined under the microscope. The morphology and motility examination used a drop of semen to the object glass and then examined under the microscope. The study found that storing sperm for longer periods resulted in higher levels of MDA and lower levels of chromatin maturity and integrity. The levels of MDA were significantly different among the groups stored for 33, 30, 27, and 24 years. The levels of chromatin maturity and integrity were significantly different among the groups stored for 24, 27, 30, and 33 years. However, sperm motility and morphology were not significantly different among the 24, 27, 30, and 33-year storage groups (p>0.05), but the 27-year storage group had the highest normal sperm morphology and motility percentage. It could be concluded that the impact of long-term storage on frozen semen causes changes in variables that have a direct or indirect influence on spermatozoa morphology.
Enhancing the microbial and sensory qualities of soft cheese using black seed oil
Get PDFThis study explored enhancing soft cheese quality by incorporating varying concentrations of Black Seed Oil (Habat Al-barakah) at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (v/w). Fresh cow milk from Menoufia University, Egypt, was used to produce soft cheese supplemented with Black Seed Oil (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/w) alongside a control. The cheese was manufactured following pasteurization (80°C/30 min) and stored at 4°C for 28 days. Physicochemical properties were analyzed using AOAC methods, while sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis, including total bacterial count, coliforms, S. aureus, and yeasts/molds. There were significant (P≤0.05) variations in chemical composition between the control and treated cheese samples, particularly notable in the sample with 1.5% oil. Adding black seed oil increased cheese acidity from 0.25% in control to 0.33% in the 1.5% oil-treated cheese at a fresh time, and a consistent increase was observed in all samples during refrigerated storage. Microbiological investigations revealed that soft cheese treatments enriched with black seed oil exhibited the lowest total bacterial count, yeast, and mold. Coliform groups and staphylococci were undetected in all soft cheese treatments and controls. Panelists positively acknowledged the taste of soft cheese with a higher concentration of black cumin oil (1.5%), with no complaints about appearance and flavor. Interestingly, the panelists favored the texture of soft cheese with a higher percentage of oil, ultimately leading to the highest overall acceptability for the 1.5% oil-treated cheese
Cloacal prolapse of a Marsh Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) at Chittagong Zoo in Bangladesh: A case report
Get PDFA male marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) weighing 50 kg from Chittagong Zoo was reported to have suffered from depression, anorexia for a day, difficulty in passing feces and an observed mass at the cloacal area. The animal was reported to be apathetic and lethargic. During a controlled clinical examination performed in dorsal recumbency, a large, inflamed, edematous, and reddish prolapsed mass protruded through the cloaca. In keeping with the prolapsed organ's extended exposure, the affected area showed tissue damage and localized irritation. Thus, a cloacal prolapse was diagnosed based on the clinical findings. Treatment involved the cleaning of the prolapsed tissue with warmed saline to reduce chances of infection, smearing with a concentrated sugar solution to reduce edema and inflammation, replacing the prolapsed tissue gently, and the application of transverse sutures to avoid recurrence but not compromising the functioning of the vent. Antibiotics and NSAIDs were given intramuscularly to combat infections and inflammation respectively. The post-operative care included rehydration and a change of diet to ensure the healing process and prevent the recurrence of the condition. This case serves to illustrate a multidisciplinary approach in the management of cloacal prolapse in crocodiles and emphasizes once more the dietary, hydration, and stress components that are considered critical in captivity
Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) is superior to improve the conception rate in adult cows and heifers with metestrus bleeding
Get PDFEfficient reproductive performance is crucial to maintain high cattle production including dairy and beef production. Cows with metestrual bleeding about 2 days after the end of estrus show lower chance to conceive. The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of double insemination and different hormonal treatments to improve conception rate in animals with metestrual bleeding. In the present study, a total number of 128 cows were used including 89 heifer and 39 pluriparours cows. The used animals were divided into 5 groups; control group (Ctrl; n=15) received no treatment, double insemination group (n=15), prostaglandin (PGF2α)-treated group (n=30), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-treated group (n=28), and controlled internal drug release (CIDR; n=40). Ultrasonography to examine the reproductive organs and blood sampling at day 0, 3, 6, 18 were performed and serum samples were stored for estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) hormonal assay. Our results showed that, PGF2α, GnRH, and CIDR would be clinically effective in compare to ctrl or double insemination group to improve the conception rate in cows and heifers with metestrual bleeding. CIDR protocol showed superior efficacy with a conception rate of 87.5 % in compare to ctrl (13.3%) or double insemination (33.3%). CIDR treated group showed higher concentrations of both E2 and P4 levels in the treated cows and heifers at day 6 and day 18. While no differences were reported in the measurements of the ovarian cyclic structures between all groups. In conclusion, CIDR protocol for 7 days with PGF2α at day 6 and GnRH after CIDR removal by 48 hours would be the treatment protocol of choice to improve conception rate in cows and heifers with metestrual bleeding
Study the effect of some processing methods on the viability of sarcocystis cysts by using vital staining techniques
Get PDFSarcocystis spp. is one of the most prevalent and pervasive livestock protozoan parasites. The overall Sarcocystis infection rate among the examined 80 buffaloes in the Assiut Governorate was 70%. Both macroscopic sarcocysts (3.75%) and microscopic sarcocysts (67.5%) differed significantly. The esophagus was the only affected organ exhibiting macroscopic sarcocysts. Besides, microscopic cysts were most prevalent in the esophagus (45%), skeletal muscles (42%) then followed by the diaphragm (36%), heart (33%), masseter muscle (27%) and tongue (25%) without statistical influence. Assessment of parasite vitality is essential in order to demonstrate the success of inactivation procedures, In terms of vital stains two techniques trypan blue staining Acridine orange staining were applied in our study. Different processing and storage techniques were assessed in this study as control measures for sarcocystosis in esophageal tissue. The viability of sarcocystis cysts after 24 hrs. of chilling at 4oC was unaffected, but the survival rate dropped to 48.5% after 48 hrs. of storage with a very high significant difference. Storing esophageal tissue at -18oC for 48 hrs. completely ruined the viability of sarcocystis cysts, whereas at 24 hrs., survival rate was 40.4%, exhibiting a highly significant difference. Microwave treatments employed for (30 sec, 1, 2 and 3 minutes) resulted in 100% mortality of the bradyzoites however for 15 sec. the survival rate was 74.4%, exhibiting a highly significant difference. Treatment I (2% NaCl, 2% pot. Lactate) and Treatment II (2% NaCl, 3% pot. Lactate) showed 40.7% and 21.7% survival rate for sarcocystis cysts, respectively