Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Carcass production and physical meat characteristics of local rams fed with noni (Morinda citrifolia) seed flour on different levels
Get PDFThis study evaluated effect of noni seed flour (NSF) on the physical characteristics of local ram meat. Twenty thin-tailed rams (aged 3-4 months) with an initial body weight (BW) of 12.43 ± 1.36 kg (CV = 10.95%) were designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates: T0 (control feed), T1 (90% control feed + 10% NSF), T2 (80% control feed + 20% NSF), and T3 (70% control feed + 30% NSF). Physical meat characteristics analyzed of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF). ANOVA was used to analyze data at the 5% significance level, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) when significant differences were found. The results showed that the diet did not significantly affect pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), or cooking loss (CL) of LD and BF. However, meat tenderness was significantly affected. LD muscle in T3 (2.56 kg/cm²) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in T1 (2.63 kg/cm²) and T0 (2.65 kg/cm²) but not significantly different from T2 (2.58 kg/cm²). Similarly, BF muscle in T3 (2.58 kg/cm²) and T2 (2.59 kg/cm²) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in T1 (2.64 kg/cm²) and T0 (2.65 kg/cm²). Average pH, WHC, and CL of LD were 5.43, 30.52%, and 27.57%, respectively, for BF were 5.44, 30.56%, and 27.88%. In conclusion, incorporating up to 30% NSF in the diet does not affect carcass quality and can serve as a carbohydrate source. Additionally, increasing NSF level in the diet tends to enhance meat tenderness
Effect of the season and climatic factors on the microbiological quality of raw goat milk in southern Thailand
Get PDFMicrobial contamination of raw milk considerably affects the quality and safety of dairy products. Dairy farm environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity and milking hygiene) involved with the microbiological quality of raw goat milk were previously elucidated. Until now, the research on the quality of raw goat milk in Thailand is still limited. The current study focused on the variation in microbiological quality (i.e., total bacteria, coliforms, proteolytic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria and thermoduric bacteria) of raw goat milk affected by climatic factors (i.e. rainfall, relative humidity and ambient temperature). Study area included raw goat milk from smallholders in the lower part of Southern Thailand. The results indicated that contamination of total bacteria, lipolytic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria and coliforms was higher during the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05), whereas there was no statistical difference (P<0.05) in the thermoduric bacteria in raw goat milk collected during the dry and rainy seasons. The current study revealed a positive correlation between two climatic factors (i.e. rainfall and relative humidity) and four microbiological parameters (i.e. total bacteria, coliforms, proteolytic bacteria and lipolytic bacteria). In addition, the ambient temperature was negatively correlated with the abovementioned four microbiological parameters. No statistical association between thermoduric bacteria and three climatic factors (i.e. rainfall, relative humidity and ambient temperature) was found. To ensure consistently quality of goat milk, farmers should enhance milking hygiene practices during the rainy season, when rainfall and humidity are higher in the dry season
Strategic assessment of ruminant livestock development in Gunungkidul Regency
Get PDFThe livestock sector is a key driver of food security and rural economic growth in Indonesia. In Gunungkidul Regency, cattle and goats dominate ruminant production and hold significant development potential. However, the sector faces numerous challenges, including limited feed availability during the dry season, low slaughter rates, inadequate infrastructure, weak farmer institutions, and limited access to modern technologies. This study examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Gunungkidul’s ruminant livestock sector and identified strategies to boost both productivity and sustainability. The study applied qualitative approach. Data were gathered through interviews, questionnaires, and secondary sources, then analyzed using the SWOT and Critical Success Factors (CSFs) frameworks. The Eisenhower Matrix was also applied to prioritize strategies by urgency and importance. This study formulated integrated priority strategies for livestock sector development, encompassing the strengthening of farmer groups and cooperatives, the utilization of agricultural waste as alternative feed and organic fertilizer, and the adoption of technology for disease monitoring and control. In the short term, the focus is directed toward securing feed supply during the dry season, improving access to veterinary services through veterinarians and vaccination programs, and implementing modern cluster-based farming practices. In the medium term, the strategies emphasize diversifying local feed sources to reduce reliance on imports, enhancing productivity, expanding market access, and fostering greater interest among younger generations in the livestock sector. Supporting interventions, such as infrastructure development and the promotion of local products, are implemented as complementary measures to reinforce the sustainability of the livestock business ecosystem
The effect of high fructose syrup concentration on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of goat milk kefir with butterfly pea extract
Get PDFGoat milk kefir is valued for its probiotic and nutritional benefits but exhibits suboptimal sensory qualities when combined with butterfly pea extract. The addition of HFS as a sugar source can ensure optimal fermentation and improve the sensory quality of kefir. This study aimed to determine the effect of HFS on the characteristics of goat milk kefir with butterfly pea flower extract in terms of physicochemical, microbiological, and sesnory properties. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five HFS concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and four replications was used. Parameters measured included total acidity, pH, total yeast, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total soluble solids (TSS), antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes (color, aroma, taste, texture, soda sensation, and overall acceptance). Results showed that HFS addition significantly increased total acidity, TSS, and LAB counts, while pH and total yeast counts were unaffected. Total acidity ranged from 1.45±0.11 to 1.96±0.11%; pH from 3.86±0.099 to 3.95±0.11; TSS from 8.18±0.15 to 13.78±0.21 °Brix; antioxidant activity decreased from 68.83% to 42.64%; LAB counts increased from 8.38±0.10 to 9.15±0.01 log CFU/mL; and total yeast ranged from 5.89±0.22 to 6.49±0.17 log CFU/mL. The optimal HFS concentration was 7.5%–10%, producing kefir with enhanced functional, physicochemical, and sensory qualities and highest panelist acceptance
Phytobiotic feed additive as a new strategy to replace synthetic antibiotics: a Review
Get PDFThe ban on synthetic antibiotics is the starting point for the discovery of other materials to replace them, one of which is materials of natural origin which are safer and easier to obtain is feed additive. Feed additives are additional ingredients that are mixed into animal feed to increase productivity, increase growth and improve animal health. Several feed additives that can be added to animal feed include probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes and phytobiotics. Phytobiotic feed additives have been widely researched and developed as natural growth promoters for poultry. Phytobiotic feed additives can improve digestion and absorption of nutrients, increase enzyme secretion in the digestive tract, reduce oxidative processes, and reduce the growth of pathogenic bacteria. This mechanism has an impact on improving the health status of livestock, increasing feed intake and ration efficiency, improving carcass quality, and increasing the quality and shelf life of the meat produced. This review focused on alternatives to replace synthetic antibiotic that provide more safety to broiler production
Comparative evaluation of different semen extenders on reproductive performance in Nunukan chickens
Get PDFThis study evaluated the effectiveness of five different semen extenders on sperm quality and reproductive performance in Nunukan chickens, an indigenous breed from North Kalimantan, Indonesia, to support conservation through artificial insemination protocols. Semen was collected from adult Nunukan roosters (10-12 months) and diluted with five extenders: NaCl 0.9% (T1), Ringer's solution (T2), NaCl + 15% egg yolk (T3), Ringer's solution + 15% egg yolk (T4), and Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) (T5). Sperm motility and viability were assessed every 30 minutes for 180 minutes during storage at 4°C. Artificial insemination was performed on 25 hens (5 per treatment) using 0.1 mL diluted semen containing 1×10⁸ active spermatozoa after 1-hour storage when motility and viability remained high, and fertility and hatchability rates were evaluated. BPSE demonstrated superior sperm preservation, maintaining 73% motility and 82% viability after 180 minutes, while egg yolk-supplemented extenders showed intermediate performance (NaCl+EY: 35% motility, 32% viability; Ringer's+EY: 38% motility, 35% viability) and basic extenders performed poorly (NaCl: 12% motility, 18% viability; Ringer's: 15% motility, 22% viability). Fertility rates ranged from 74-83% across treatments with no significant differences (p>0.05), while hatchability rates varied from 61-74%, with BPSE achieving 73% comparable to natural mating (74%). All extenders preserved reasonable reproductive performance for short-term storage, particularly BPSE, which provided optimal preservation, while egg yolk-supplemented formulations served as practicable alternatives for artificial insemination in breeding programmes for Nunukan chickens
Effect of calf starter substitution in lactating dairy cow concentrate on feed efficiency and feed cost of weaned female Holstein Friesian calves
Get PDFAnalyzing feed efficiency and feed cost of weaned female Holstein Friesian (HF) calves fed with lactation cow concentrates with different levels of calf starter substitution was the aim of this study. Four weaned female HF calves (aged 4-5 months, average weight of 101.38 ± 14.21 kg) were used for research material. Feeds were calf starter (CS), lactating dairy cow concentrate (LDCC) and elephant grass. The study used a Latin square design, 4 concentrate treatments, i.e. 75% CS + 25% LDCC (P1), 50% CS + 50% LDCC (P2), 25% CS + 75% LDCC (P3), 100% LDCC (P4); 4 replications in 4 periods (each period in 1 month). The concentrate (in dry matter) was given 1% BW; forage and drinking water were based on ad libitum basis. The research parameters were average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE) and feed cost per gain (FC/G). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. The treatments had no effect on the parameters (p>0.05). Feed efficiency at P2 = 19.77%; P3 = 17.86%; P1 = 16.71% and P4 = 15.92%. Feed cost per gain at P3 = Rp. 29,363/kg ADG; P2 = IDR 30,492/kg ADG; P4 = IDR 30,800/kg ADG and P1 IDR 33,927/kg ADG. The conclusion was that with sufficient quality forage feed, using 100% LDCC to weaned female HF calves could result in FE and FC/G that was similar with the substitution of CS (25-75%) in LDCC
Characteristics of cecal and short-chain fatty acid production in broiler chickens fed diets with encapsulated Medinilla speciosa fruit extract
Get PDFThis research investigated the impact of encapsulated Medinilla speciosa fruit extract on the cecal profile and the production of short-chain fatty acids in broiler chickens. The experiment involved 240 unsexed Ross strain broiler chickens, each 8 days old, with an average weight of 203.12 ± 2.03 g. The diets for both the starter and finisher phases were composed of yellow corn, rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal, limestone, premix, lysine, and methionine. This study used a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates; each unit had 10 birds. Treatments included T0 (basal diet without Medinilla speciosa fruit extract (MSFE) or encapsulated Medinilla speciosa fruit extract (EMSFE)), T1 (basal diet+0.08% MSFE), T2 (basal diet+0.02% EMSFE), T3 (basal diet+0.04% EMSFE), T4 (basal diet+0.06% EMSFE), and T5 (basal diet+0.08% EMSFE). The measured parameters included total lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, pH, total acid, cecal length, relative weight, and SCFA production (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance at a 5% significance level. Duncan's test was conducted at the 5% significance level when the treatment effects were significant (p<0.05). The results showed that EMSFE addition had significant effects (p<0.05) on total lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, total acid pH, and butyric acid, but not on cecal length, relative weight, acetate, and propionate. In conclusion, adding 0.04-0.08% EMSFE increased total lactic acid bacteria and butyric acid production and decreased Escherichia coli, pH, and total acid, while cecal length, relative weight, acetate, and propionate remained unchanged
Nutritional drivers of milk yield and composition in Sapera dairy goats: Insights from smallholder farms in Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study investigated the relationship between nutrient intake specifically dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and milk production, as well as milk lactose and protein content, in Sapera dairy goats managed by smallholder farmers in Central Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 using 42 Sapera goats in their second lactation (1–2 months in milk) from six farms. Feed intake, milk yield, and milk composition were measured, and relationships between nutrient intake and production traits were analyzed using both linear and quadratic regression models. The average body weight of goats was 44.17 ± 5.48 kg, with DM and CP intakes of 1.96 ± 0.65 kg/day and 0.31 ± 0.36 kg/day, respectively. Average milk yield was 1.81 ± 0.34 kg/day, with lactose and protein yields of 0.07 ± 0.01 kg/day each. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found between DM intake and milk yield, lactose yield, and protein yield, as well as between CP intake and milk protein yield. In all cases, quadratic models explained the relationships better than linear models, indicating that milk production and composition increased with nutrient intake up to an optimum level before plateauing. These findings highlight the critical role of adequate but balanced nutrient intake in optimizing milk yield and quality in Sapera goats. The results provide practical insights for improving feeding strategies in smallholder dairy goat production systems in Indonesia
Current insights into the most common pancreatic diseases in cattle: An updated review
Get PDFPancreas is one of the biggest and most important glands in cattle. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. It produces hormones essential for controlling blood glucose levels, bicarbonate ions that maintain acid-base balance and enzymes that aid in the digestion of feed. Effective pancreatic function is essential for guaranteeing optimal digestion and nutrient intake. Nonetheless, different pancreatic conditions can hinder the effectiveness of this essential organ. The pancreatic diseases in cattle consist of acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, necrosis of pancreatic fat, pancreatic tumors, diabetes mellitus, pancreatic stones and pancreatic fluke infections. This research aimed to identify the different pancreatic diseases impacting cattle currently, examine their effects on pancreatic histopathology and investigate related biochemical alterations to enhance understanding of their influence on cattle health and productivity