Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Case report: Natural birth of quadruplet calves from an ongole grade cow in Central Java
Get PDFThis case report documents a rare instance of natural quadruplet birth in a five years old Ongole-grade cow owned by a smallholder farmer in Sidomulyo Village, Rembang, Central Java. On May 17, 2025, the cow delivered four calves one male and three females without the need for surgical intervention. The delivery was facilitated by a local veterinarian and a livestock officer. Although all calves were born alive, their birth weights were low, attributed to intrauterine crowding. Postpartum care for the cow included nutritional support and veterinary monitoring. Despite these interventions, all calves and the dam succumbed within a week. This case underscores the significant risks associated with multiple births in cattle under smallholder conditions and highlights the urgent need for enhanced management practices, veterinary support, and policy attention to avert similar outcomes in the future
A comparative study of the effect of ozone and acidic water on the chemical parameters of fresh beef during refrigeration
Get PDFBeef is one of the most consumed types of meat all over the world and due to it is rich in nutritional composition; make it very liable to chemical spoilage (lipid and protein oxidation). So, enhancing its preservation techniques is highly recommended. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ozone and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) on quality attributes of beef (pH, total volatile Basics nitrogen (TVB-N), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) during storage at 4 °C (refrigeration) for 12 days. Results revealed that there were significances differences between ozone and acidic electrolyzed water treated samples in pH value when compared with control samples. AEW showed higher enhancement effects on the physicochemical quality of treated beef and beef samples treated with 30 ppm AEW showed the best impacts on physicochemical quality. Results of TBARS and TVB-N were 1.56 and 21.30; 0.83 and 17.47; 0.85 and 15.33; 0.95 and 14.67; 0.84 and 14.73; 0.53 and 14.40; 0.43 and 14.27 for control, 10ppm ozone, 20ppm ozone, 40ppm ozone, 10ppm acidic water, 20ppm acidic water and 30 ppm acidic water at day 12/4 °C of storage. The present study showed that with increasing ozone concentration, TBARS increased but it still lower than control. From other side these results demonstrated that AEW and ozone caused significant changes in pH, TVB-N and TBARS and could effectively prolong the shelf life of beef in comparison to control samples. So AEW and ozone can be used in beef to control lipid and protein oxidation that cause meat spoilage during storage
Impact of Yucca extract and basil oil supplementation on carcass characteristics, quality of meat, and the cecal microbiota in broiler chickens
Get PDFThe current study investigated the effects of Yucca extract and basil oil as phytogenic supplements on broiler chickens' carcass traits, different return parameters of carcass, quality of meat and the cecal microbes. A total of 200 one day-old avian 48 broiler birds were divided into 5 treatments. The dietary treatments were control group fed basal diet only (CON), group fed basal diet +150 mg yucca extract /kg ration (YE 150), group fed basal diet + 300 mg yucca extract /kg ration (YE 300), group fed basal diet + 400 mg basil oil /kg ration (BO 400) and group fed basal diet + 800 mg basil oil/kg ration (BO 800). Our outcomes showed that differences weren't significant in carcass traits and different return parameters between different groups, while there were numerical increase in total return from carcass and breast meat % in all treated groups than control group. Dressing % for yucca and BO 800 groups showed numerical increase than those of control & BO 400 groups. Tenderness, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), PH and color showed significant difference. MDA decreased in BO groups and TAC increased in YE 300 and BO groups compared to control group, PH decreased in YE 150 compared to other groups. Also, using YE and BO didn’t affect total aerobic bacterial count, while had positive impact on lactobacillus count. In conclusion, including YE and BO in the diet did not negatively impact carcass traits but enhanced meat quality and lactobacillus count in broiler chickens
Detection of adulteration in locally marketed retail meat products: Combined histological and chemical analyses
Get PDFSpecies authentication in food of animal origin is an urgent necessity for food control since food adulteration is relevant to religious, economic, and public health concerns. This study was conducted to apply histological and chemical means of identification to detect commercial fraud in different meat products. To achieve this aim, about 60 samples including, 20 samples each of minced meat, luncheon meat, and sausage were collected from various markets in Beni-Suef, Egypt. All samples were examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin stains for the detection of foreign tissue. The examination was confirmed with acid-chiffon blue and Masson's trichrome stain. Additionally, meat product samples were chemically examined for determination of fat, protein, starch, and nitrite. The results revealed that the examined minced meat, luncheon, and sausage samples were adulterated by different tissues including elastic artery, spongy bone, skin, fibrous connective tissue, visceral muscles, visceral organs, cartilage, tendon, secretory gland, and plant tissue. The percentages of fat accounted for 17.75 ± 0.9, 13.97 ± 0.40, and 11.23± 0.5 %, while the percentages of protein were 19.47 ± 0.6, 15.99 ± 0.3 and 16.67 ± 0.7 % in minced meat, luncheon meat, and sausage samples, respectively. Sodium nitrite was below the detection limit in all minced meat samples and 40% of luncheon samples, nonetheless, 60% of luncheon samples and all sausage samples contained detectable levels of sodium nitrite. Furthermore, starch was undetectable in all minced meat samples and 40% of sausage samples, on the other hand, all examined luncheon samples and 60% of examined sausage samples contained detectable starch levels. In conclusion, the histological and chemical examination could be valuable methods to detect adulteration in meat products
Hypotaurine effect on the bovine oocyte in- vitro maturation and fertilization
Get PDFThe objective of the present research was to examine the impact of various concentrations of Hypotaurine (0, 10, 15 and 20 µM /ml) on the bovine oocytes’ in- vitro maturation and fertilization rates as well as on the enzymatic activity of lipid-peroxidation and antioxidants. Bovine ovaries were harvested from El-Mounib slaughterhouse in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The oocytes were aspirated from medium sized follicles (4-8 mm). The selected oocytes were matured in- vitro in TCM-199 media supplemented with different concentrations of Hypotaurine. Some of the matured oocytes were evaluated for their maturation rates (nuclear & cytoplasmic maturation), and the maturation media were analyzed to determine the lipid peroxidation levels (Malondialdehyde, MDA), and various antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The other mature oocytes were in- vitro fertilized and examined for the fertilization rate and the different stages of embryonic development. The results represented that Hypotaurine at a concentration of 10 µM /ml significantly (P≤0.05) improved the maturation rate of oocytes (MII), the fertilization rate and the different stages of embryo development. In addition, Hypotaurine decreased the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) significantly (P≤ 0.05) and increased the antioxidants levels (CAT, GSH, and SOD), especially at a concentration of 10 µM /ml. In conclusion, Hypotaurine improved the bovine oocyte in- vitro maturation and fertilization, with the effect being clearly noticeable at a concentration of 10 µM /ml
Risk factors of Gram-negative bacteria infection isolated from equine ophthalmic lesions
Get PDFIn this study, we conducted an epidemiological investigation of gram-negative bacteria associated with ocular lesions in equines. A total of 100 animals (86 horses and 14 donkeys) were investigated in this case-control study. Clinical and microbiological investigations were performed for each patient. Twenty-eight animals (25 horses and three donkeys) were found to have ophthalmic infections. Regarding clinical signs, horses and donkeys with ophthalmic infection had conjunctival hyperemia (n=10, 35.7%), continuous lacrimation (n=11, 39.3%), blepharospasm (n=1, 3.6%), eyelid edema in 5/28 (17.9%), mucopurulent ocular discharge (n=9, 32.1%), corneal edema (n=1, 3.6%), and corneal opacity (n=5, 17.9%). There was a significant association between Pseudomonas species and age. The highest percentage was recorded in horses aged < 5 years (n = 36, 57.1%). There was a significant association between season and the spread of ocular infection with E. coli, where 10 (76.9%) horses were infected in spring compared to three (23.1%) horses in the winter season. There was a significant association between the occurrence of mixed infections in the eyes and each season and the level of hygiene. The highest percentage of infection was recorded in winter (19, 61.3%) than in spring (12, 38.7%). However, for the level of hygiene, the highest percentage (87.1%) was recorded in horses with poor hygiene compared to those with good hygiene (12.9%). The risk factors associated with both E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. and ophthalmic infections in horses revealed a multifaceted relationship between microbial pathogens and environmental influences
First report on the diagnostic, treatment and recovery of a spinal fracture in a vulnerable Marbled Newt (Triturus marmoratus, Latreille, 1800)
Get PDFA free-living adult female Marbled Newt (Triturus marmoratus), a species listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, was admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of UTAD (CRAS-UTAD) with a spinal fracture and dorsal wound exposing the coelomic cavity. Clinical signs included hypoactivity, dyspnoea, and mild dehydration. Imaging confirmed a spinal fracture between the 8th and 9th vertebrae, with vertical dislocation and scoliosis, but without evidence of complete spinal cord severance. Treatment involved wound management, pharmacological therapy, and environmental support without spinal fixation. Despite wound complications and a prolonged recovery of 96 days, the animal retained full neurological function and mobility. It was successfully released into its natural habitat, having adapted to residual scoliosis and dermal thickening at the injury site. This case highlights the resilience and regenerative capacity of T. marmoratus and supports the feasibility of conservative management in selected cases of spinal trauma in amphibians.
 
Zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in seminal plasma as predictive markers of sperm quality in Bali bulls (bos javanicus domesticus)
Get PDFSeminal plasma contains essential minerals that influence sperm performance and could act as reliable indicators of reproductive potential in bulls. Despite their importance, the role of these minerals in determining sperm quality has been rarely examined in indigenous breeds, such as Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), particularly across different phenotypes. This research aimed to evaluate the concentrations of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and calcium (Ca) in the seminal plasma of Bali bulls, and investigate how these minerals relate to key semen quality parameters. Fresh semen was collected from three apparently healthy horned and three polled Bali bulls. Semen quality parameters, including motility, viability, morphology, and membrane integrity, were assessed following standard protocols. Seminal plasma was isolated, and mineral concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Statistical evaluation involved independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. The results revealed that horned Bali bulls had significantly higher sperm concentration (P < 0.01), while polled bulls showed a lower percentage of abnormal spermatozoa (P < 0.05). Seminal plasma of polled bulls contained higher zinc (2.55 ± 0.37 ppm) and calcium (0.11 ± 0.02%) levels, whereas horned bulls had higher magnesium concentrations (57.93 ± 14.22 ppm). Magnesium showed a highly significant association with increased sperm concentration (r = 0.79; B = 14.78; R² = 0.864; p < 0.001), showing it to be the most influential mineral factor. These findings support the use of zinc, calcium, and magnesium as predictive biomarkers for evaluating bull fertility and selection in Bali cattle breeding programs
Synergistic effects of noni fruit extract, copper, and zinc encapsulated on immunity, protein digestibility, and growth performance in broiler
Get PDFThis research sought to explore the combined effects of noni fruit extract, copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) encapsulation on immunity, protein digestibility, and growth performance of broiler chickens. The research used 200 Ross broilers involved, each eight days old and weighing an average of 233.69±7.47 g, which were split into four separate feeding groups, each one being repeated five times. The dietary treatments included T0 (control diet), T1 (T0 + 0.06% noni fruit extract, Cu, and Zn encapsulation), T2 (T0 + 0.12% noni fruit extract, Cu, and Zn encapsulation), and T3 (T0 + 0.18% noni fruit extract, Cu, and Zn encapsulation). ANOVA was administered for statistical analysis, followed by Duncan’s test at 0.05 probability. The findings indicated that the inclusion of encapsulated noni fruit extract with Cu and Zn at the T2 level significantly (P<0.05) increased lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, protein digestibility, thymus relative weight, and daily body weight gain (DBWG), while reducing intestinal pH, E. coli counts, heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in comparison with control groups (T0). However, no significant effect (P>0.05) was noted on daily feed intake or the relative weights of the bursa Fabricius and spleen. In conclusion, the incorporation of 0.12% noni fruit extract, Cu, and Zn encapsulation improved intestinal bacterial balance, immunological balance, protein digestibility, and growth performance in broiler chickens
Utilization of soy sauce waste and citric acid to improve the quail performance and digestive tract profile
Get PDFThe study aimed to examine the use of soy sauce waste and citric acid as additives on the morphology, microbiota of the digestive tract in quail after passing the peak egg production phase. As experimental animals used 200 female quail aged 28 weeks. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 10 quails. The treatments are T0: Control treatment (Basal feed without soy sauce waste and citric acid), T1: Basal feed + Soy sauce waste, T2: Basal feed + Citric acid, and T3: Basal feed + Soy sauce waste and citric acid. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Feed consumption was increased (P<0.05) in T2 compare to T1 and T3. Hen daily production was increased (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than T0 and T1. Feed conversion ratio was decreased in T3 compared to T0 and T1. Weight and lenght of small intestine was increased (P<0.05) in T0, T1, and T2 compared to T3. Weight and lenght ratio of proventriculus was increased in T1 than T0, T2, and T3. pH of duodenum and jejunum was increased (P<0.05) in T0 and T1 than T2 and T3. Ileum pH was increased (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than T0.. In conclusion: The addition of soy sauce waste or citric acid and a combination of both can improve performance and the profile of the digestive tract