Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Study of physic-organoleptical characteristics of functional pellets based on fermented tofu and cassava dregs with different types and binder levels
Get PDF Feed plays an important role in livestock productivity. Local raw materials such as tofu pulp and cassava pulp have potential as poultry feed, but must first be processed to increase their nutritional value. Fermentation with fermented vegetable extract (FVE) 2019 can improve feed quality by increasing protein and reducing crude fiber. Feed efficiency can be improved through pelletization, as it reduces scattered particles. The addition of binders such as cassava flour, corn flour, or molasses in pellets plays a role in improving stability and feed distribution efficiency. Fermentation and pelletization methods are highly effective in preparing poultry feed based on local materials. This study aimed to investigate the effect of functional feed pellet production based on fermented tofu and cassava pulp with various binders and concentration levels on its physical-organoleptic characteristics. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3 × 3 factorial pattern and 5 replications. The first factor was the type of binder, namely B0 (molasses), B1 (corn flour), and B2 (tapioca flour). The second factor was the binder concentration, namely A0 (0%), A1 (2.5%), and A2 (5%). The parameters observed in this study were physical quality (hardness, PDI, and moisture content) and organoleptic quality (color, odor, and texture). The results of this study indicate that pellets supplemented with 5% molasses binder can maintain organoleptic characteristics, as seen in the interaction of pellet color parameters. Long-term storage of pellets can reduce their physical and organoleptic quality
Meta analysis: The impact of utilizing rumen undegradable protein in feed on reproductive and production performance of dairy cow
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to assess the reproductive and productive parameters of dairy cows with different levels of RUP. This study employed a methodology that involved scientific journal articles focusing on S/C, calving interval, conception rate, PPE, milk yield, milk protein, milk fat, milk lactose, and DMI. The findings indicated no significant differences in milk yield, composition, and reproductive metrics between cows administered RUP and those that were not (p>0.05). According to the NRC (2001), RUP levels constitute 6-10% of the total protein requirement for dairy cows. This study recommends that future research should ensure dairy cows receiving RUP are given the optimal dosage suited to their needs for more precise dosing
Analysis of Gayo horse reproductive performance as a local livestock genetic resource in Aceh Province to characterize reproductive efficiency
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine strategies for future Gayo horse development by examining the reproduction of the Gayo horse breed, which runs in the Gayo highland. The study was conducted in the regencies of Central Aceh, Bener Meriah, Gayo Lues, and Southeast Aceh in Aceh Province. A survey methodology was used. The study sites were selected due to the importance of the Gayo horse as a genetic resource, 112 Gayo horses were used as research samples. Some of the data required for this study were reproductive performance variables such as (1) age at first mating, (2) gestation period, (3) calving interval, and (4) postpartum mating. This study found that Gayo horses have a high reproductive rate. The average age of first mating ranged from 30 to 46 months, with a mean time span of 39.51 ± 84.49 months. Gestation averaged 339.38 ± 7.88 days, with a range of 333 to 347 days. The average calving interval was 425.78 ± 38.15 days, with a range of 370 to 495 days. The average postpartum mating interval was 134.74 ± 23.70 days, with a range of 123-150 days
Effect of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) addition on the physical, chemical and hedonic properties of peas-based meatballs in comparison with conventional meatball
Get PDFVegetable proteins, such as those derived from peas (Pisum sativum L.), lack a naturally fibrous structure, resulting in a texture that differs significantly from conventional meat when processed into meat analogues like meatballs. Seaweed, known for its structural complexity and dietary fiber content, was explored in this study as a functional ingredient to enhance the texture and overall quality of pea-based meatballs. The objective was to evaluate the effects of seaweed flour addition on the physical, chemical, sensory, and preference properties of these plant-based products. Seaweed was added at concentrations of 0, 1, 1.5, and 2% (w/w) into a mixture of meatball (pea paste, tapioca, and spices). Conventional beef meatballs were used as the control. The samples were evaluated for moisture, protein, fat content, water holding capacity, cooking loss, textural attributes (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness), crude fiber, yield, sensory quality, and consumer preference. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that seaweed flour addition up to 2% significantly increased the moisture and protein contents, WHC, texture parameters, yield, and fiber content, while reducing cooking loss compared to the control pea-based meatballs, with no significant effect on fat content (p > 0.05). Compared to beef meatballs, pea-based meatballs had lower values in most quality parameters but showed higher hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, and fiber. PCA confirmed distinct characteristics between pea- and beef-based meatballs, in agreement with the ANOVA findings
Comparative evaluation of five commercial broiler feeds on carcass traits in Indonesia
Get PDFThe research aimed to evaluate effect of various commercial feeds on broiler carcass traits. Three hundred unsexed DOC broilers Cobb strain with body weight of 46.68 ± 0.86 g were allocated in completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments applied were providing commercial feed from 5 different producing companies in Indonesia, including prestarter, starter and finisher, produced during 2022 and used by partnership companies as follows: Commercial feed produced by companies A, B, C, D and E. Maintenance carried out according to the partnership company's SOP. Data collection was carried out at 29 days. Parameters observed included carcass production (live weight, carcass weight and percentage, breast meat percentage, non-carcass weight and percentage, abdominal fat percentage), and carcass quality (carcass grade, whole carcass price, total feed costs and Gross Carcass Profit (GCP). Obtained data were analysed for variance. Commercial feed of companies A and D produced significantly higher breast meat percentage (P<0.05) than feed from company B. On the other hand, the commercial feed of company B produced significantly higher abdominal fat percentage (P <0.05) compared to other commercial feeds. Live weight, weight and percentage of carcasses and non-carcasses were not significantly influenced by treatments (P>0.05). Feeding commercial feeds from companies A and D significantly resulted in higher GCP (P<0.05) compared to feed from company B. Providing commercial feed B and C resulted in a significantly higher total feed cost (P<0.05) compared to feed from companies A, D, and E. Whole carcasses price and grade were not significantly influenced by treatments (P> 0.05). It could be concluded that commercial feed produced by companies A and D provides the best results for broiler carcass traits
Swine Vesicular Disease: A clinical threat resembling Foot and Mouth Disease
Get PDFThe contagious vesicular illness known as swine vesicular disease (SVD) affects pigs and has substantial veterinary and economic effects, primarily because its clinical signs are comparable to those of foot and mouth disease (FMD). Even while SVD is not zoonotic and seldom causes death, it can create emergency reactions that affect the trade in animals and livestock products, which makes it a serious problem. This illness is brought on by the Swine Vesicular Disease Virus (SVDV), a positive-stranded single-stranded RNA virus that is a member of the family Picornaviridae and genus Enterovirus. Since SVDV and human Coxsackievirus B5 share a high degree of genetic similarity, it is possible that the virus originated in humans and then crossed species to adapt to pigs. After being discovered in Italy for the first time in 1966, SVD has since been intermittently reported in many parts of Europe and Asia. Transmission happens by direct animal-to-animal contact, the fecal-oral route, and indirect channels including infected clothing, equipment, and vehicles. This virus poses a significant obstacle to eradication attempts due to its great resistance to environmental factors and disinfectants. Although subclinical infections are common, clinical symptoms include fever, weakness, and vesicles on the legs, muzzle, and around the nails. Control efforts depend on early discovery, animal culling, cleaning, and rigorous biosecurity implementation because there are no commercial vaccinations or targeted treatments available
Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in imported canaries (Serinus canaria) from Malaysia
Get PDFThe increasing public interest in keeping canaries has driven the growth of international trade in ornamental birds in Indonesia, especially in East Java. Data from the East Java Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Center shows a significant increase in imports of canaries (Serinus canaria) from Malaysia. The high volume of imports has the potential to be a route of entry and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, one of which is Escherichia coli. The ability of E. coli to transfer resistance genes to other bacteria makes it an important reservoir in the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. This study aimed to identify the presence of E. coli producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) in imported canaries, as well as to analyze their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 150 canary feces samples were taken aseptically at the Malang Animal Quarantine Installation. Isolation of E. coli was carried out using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media and confirmed by the IMViC biochemical test. Antibiotic sensitivity test (amoxicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) using the Kirby-Bauer method. Detection of the blaTEM gene in Multidrug Resistance (MDR) isolates was carried out by PCR. Of the 150 samples, 27 isolates (18%) were confirmed as E. coli, with 81.4% (22/27) showing an MDR pattern. The highest resistance was found to tetracycline (88.9%), amoxicillin (85.1%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.4%). The blaTEM gene was detected in 59.1% (13/22) of the MDR isolates, indicating a plasmid-mediated beta-lactam resistance mechanism. Imported canaries have the potential to be a reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli with a high prevalence of MDR. These findings highlight the need for strict supervision of bird imports and regulation of antibiotic use in farms to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance
A meta-analysis of forage feed impacts on milk production and quality in dairy goats
Get PDFDairy goats are a strategic commodity in sustainable farming systems. However, the presence of antinutritional compounds in forage can affect nutrient effectiveness and lactation performance. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review of the scientific literature evaluation the effects of forage on the quantity and quality of goat milk. Data were obtained from the Scopus and Semantic Scholar databases through keyword searches “dairy,“goat,“ and “forage,“ as well as snowballing methods on relevant references. Of the 333 identified articles, 157 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed bibliometrically using VOSviewer. The results indicate that this topic is multidisciplinary and rapidly developing, with three main focuses: basic nutrition, rumen fermentation, and functional milk quality. Keyword cluster identification shows the potential integration of topics between forage quality, rumen microbiota, and milk nutritional value. Countries such as Spain, Indonesia, and Brazil are major contributors to related publications. This study highlights research gaps, particularly in environmental aspects such as methane emissions, as well as the direct link between feed and human health through goat milk. Recommendations are directed towards integrative research approaches that connect nutritional aspects, microbiota, and the functional impact of milks on consumer health.
Microbiological characteristics of tofu waste fermented with variations in microbial consortium and starter levels
Get PDF Feed as a source of livestock nutrients often experiences fluctuations in price and quality. Feed optimization can be achieved by seeking alternative, affordable feed sources such as processed tofu dregs to enhance its utility. The fermentation method using a consortium of microbes like fermented vegetable extract (FVE) 2019, tape yeast, and tempeh yeast is expected to work synergistically to improve the quality and utility of tofu dregs. This research aims to determine the effect of using variations of microbial consortia and different starter levels on the microbiological characteristics of tofu dregs. This study used a completely randomized design with a 3 × 7 factorial pattern and 3 replications. The first factor was the combination of microbial consortia, namely K0 (100% FVE-2019), K1 (50% FVE-2019 + 50% tape yeast), K2 (50% FVE-2019 + 50% tempeh yeast), K3 (50% FVE-2019 + 25% tape yeast + 25% tempeh yeast), K4 (40% FVE-2019 + 30% tape yeast + 30% tempeh yeast), K5 (100% tape yeast), K6 (100% tempeh yeast). The second factor was the starter levels: A1 (3%), A2 (4%), and A3 (5%). Data were analyzed using ANOVA test at 5% and Duncan’s significant test at 5% level. The parameters observed in this study were microbiological performance and organoleptic. The conclusion of this study is FVE-2019 and tempeh yeast at a 5% level in fermentation was proven to improve the microbiological characteristics in terms of high LAB counts and the suitability of tofu waste, making it a potential source of functional feed ingredients
Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing sperm motilities of beef bulls during cryopreservation process
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate genetic and non-genetic factors affecting motility after the cryopreservation process. Sperm motility records of five breeds of Bulls were obtained from Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center of Indonesia. A data set comprised 36754 records of ejaculation collected from 143 bulls. The records comprised progressive motility of fresh semen (PMFS), pre-freeze motility of liquid semen (PMLS), and post-thawing motility (PTM). The MIXED procedure with Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used for data analysis. This study shows that breed, season, age, and ejaculation influence the PMFS. In five breeds, the youngest bulls produced fresh semen with the lowest progressive motility. The highest PMFS occurs at high precipitation in Bali, Limousin, and Simmental. PMFS for Brahman and Ongole Grade was not significantly affected by precipitation. The first ejaculate is higher than the second ejaculate except for the Limousin and Simmental. PMLS and PTM were significantly different between the breeds. PMLS of Bali, and Limousine bulls were significant between different seasons, whereas that of Brahman, Ongole Grade, and Simental were not. The differences in the age of bulls were not shown in Bali bulls. PTM for all the breeds was significant between different seasons, except for Ongole Grade bull. All breeds showed the highest PTM in the season with medium precipitation, except for Ongole Grade bull. The highest post-thawing motility in five breeds was observed in the youngest bull. The heritability value of motility traits is included in the medium category (0.23 – 0.28). The phenotypic correlation between the motility of fresh semen, liquid semen, and frozen semen was low (0.14-0.15) but still correlated (p<0.05)