Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Analysis of financial feasibility of open house system for broiler chicken farming in Bulukumba Regency
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyze the financial feasibility of broiler chicken farming using the open house system in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. The research focused on 94 partner farmers distributed across Ujungloe, Herlang, and Rilau Ale districts,, who were selected using purposive sampling based on their active participation in cattle farming and partnership schemes.. The novelty of this study lies in its regional and empirical specificity by comprehensively examining the cost structure and profitability of broiler farming under real-world partnership models. The research applied descriptive quantitative analysis to determine cost components, revenue, income, Breakeven Point (BEP), Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C). The results showed that the average production cost per cycle was IDR 428,500,000 with a total revenue of IDR 468,750,000, resulting in a net income of IDR 40,250,000. The R/C ratio was 1.09 and the B/C ratio was 0.094, indicating that broiler farming using the open house system is financially viable and profitable for farmers in the study area. To enhance financial sustainability, farmers are recommended to improve cost efficiency through optimized feed management, adopt better health and biosecurity practices to reduce mortality, and strengthen market linkages to ensure stable selling prices. Additionally, scaling up production and adopting technological innovations could further increase profitability and competitiveness in the long term
Potential of clove stem essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum l.) As herbal medicine for antimicrobial resistance agents in livestock: GC-MS analysis and in silico study on safabl protein
Get PDFMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cases in husbandry animals continue to increase. Antibiotic residues in livestock products are one of the causes of MRSA cases in humans. The use of natural antimicrobials is an alternative in livestock. Clove stem essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) has been used conventionally as an antimicrobial. CSEO shows inhibitory action against MRSA. One of the mechanisms is inhibiting the SaFabl protein in the biosynthesis of lipid acids in the bacterial cell wall. This study aimed to analyze Sulawesi's CSEO (Zanzibar variety) content and predict its compounds' activity against SaFabl proteins. Samples were harvested and then hydrodistilled. GC-MS carried out compound analysis. All components of CSEO content were expected to have activity against SaFabl through docking simulations using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) version 5.5. The findings of this study indicate that CSEO from Sulawesi consists of three main components, namely eugenol, caryophyllene, and humulene. Meanwhile, one of the minor components is methyl 10,12-heptadecadiynoate. Docking validation has an RMSD value of 2.04+0.11. The docking results show that methyl 10,12-heptadecadiynoate is more active than chloramphenicol as a control drug, but lower than NADP as a native ligand. Methyl 10,12-heptadecadiynoate acts on the SaFabl protein by forming a hydrogen bond at the amino acid residue Val67 and two steric bonds at Val67 and Thr146. In conclusion, CSEO can potentially be a herbal medicine candidate as an antimicrobial resistance agent in husbandry animals. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate its antibacterial efficacy against microbial resistance
Patterns of relapse in experimental Trypanosoma evansi infections: Evidence of resistance to widely used trypanocides in Egypt
Get PDFThe emergence of drug resistance and treatment relapse in Trypanosoma evansi infections poses a growing threat to animal health and productivity in endemic regions. Using a murine model, this study evaluated the in vivo efficacy of commonly used trypanocidal agents quinapyramine, diminazene aceturate, and melarsomine against Egyptian isolates of T. evansi. Eight experimental groups of Swiss albino mice were monitored over 60 days for parasitemia clearance and relapse following treatment at standard and double doses. The results revealed marked resistance to both quinapyramine and diminazene aceturate, as evidenced by early relapse and high mortality, even at elevated doses. In contrast, melarsomine (Cymelarsan) demonstrated superior efficacy, completely clearing parasitemia at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg with no relapse observed. Melarsomine is still a viable option for treating resistant T. evansi strains, according to the study, which also emphasizes relapse as a crucial sign of developing resistance. These findings underscore the urgent need for regular drug efficacy monitoring and reevaluation of treatment protocols in endemic settings
Field study on clinical, surgical and economical assessments of urine retention in calves
Get PDFUrine retention is a prevalent and economically significant condition among male calves, particularly in developing countries where ruminants serve critical agricultural and socio-economic roles. This study aimed to clinically, surgically, biochemically, and economically assess obstructive urolithiasis in male calves, evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of various surgical interventions. Seventeen male calves aged 1–12 months and six apparently healthy calves were categorized into three groups: healthy controls (n=6), calves with intact distended bladders (n=5), and those with ruptured bladders (n=12). Clinical examinations and biochemical profiling were conducted preoperatively. Surgical interventions included pre-scrotal urethrostomy for intact bladders and cystoplasty with dorsal urethrotomy for ruptured bladders. Results indicated that bladder rupture was associated with younger age, lower body weight, and delayed urine retention. The sigmoid flexure was the predominant site of obstruction, with clinical signs varying by bladder status. Seasonal patterns indicated a spring peak in incidence, linked to nutritional and hydration shifts. Biochemically, ruptured cases exhibited marked elevations in urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels, reflecting systemic derangement. Postoperative complications were minimal but more frequent in ruptured cases. The majority of the stones were calcium carbonate and phosphate. Stone size and volume positively correlated with calf body weight, suggesting dietary and metabolic influences. Surgical resolution, combined with targeted medical therapy, proved effective in restoring urinary function and preventing recurrence or mortality. The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and preventive strategies such as dietary adjustments and urine acidification to mitigate recurrence and avoid economic losses
Immune response of rabbits after vaccination against Septicemia epizootica based on protein A matrix of Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFSepticemia epizootica (SE), caused by Pasteurella multocida, is an acute infectious disease affecting livestock. The formulation of a P. multocida vaccine derived from Indonesian strains, and hyperimmune serum was developed using Staphylococcus aureus containing protein A as a matrix to enhance the binding between components. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response in Hycole rabbits following vaccination with a vaccine formulated using a Staphylococcus aureus protein A-based matrix. Three types of inactivated P. multocida vaccines adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 70 M VG (Sepic®) were prepared in different formulations. (1) Vaccine with 5 parts S. aureus protein A suspension to 1 part hyperimmune serum, (2) Vaccine formulated with a ratio of 1 part S. aureus protein A suspension to 2 parts hyperimmune serum, and (3) Whole-cell P. multocida vaccine without matrix. A commercial SE vaccine was used as a control. A total of 16 rabbits were divided into four groups, including treatment and control. The vaccines were administered intramuscularly twice, with a two-week interval between doses. Antibody titers were measured using the ELISA method in the second week after the primary immunization and in the second week following the booster dose. The study results showed that all groups experienced an increase in antibody titers following vaccination, with varying levels of effectiveness. The commercial vaccine (vaccine 4) induced the highest immune response, followed by vaccine 1, which emerged as the most promising experimental candidate. Vaccine 2 demonstrated the lowest response, indicating that its effectiveness needs to be re-evaluated
The beneficial impact of legume supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and reproductive performance of goats: A brief review
Get PDFThe productivity of goats in small-scale farming is largely influenced by the availability and affordability of high-quality forages all year round. Grasses commonly used for pastures in tropical regions tend to have low protein levels, which may not be sufficient for optimal production in ruminant animals. Despite potential concerns such as anti-nutritional elements and toxins, the addition of legumes to goat diets could be a beneficial way to address nutritional deficiencies in the diet of goats. This review discussed the beneficial impact of some legumes supplementation (Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania grandiflora, and Leucaena leucocephala) on nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and reproductive performance of goats. Studies have shown that G. sepium supplementation can improve nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, N retention, and body weight of goats. S. grandiflora supplementation had a beneficial impact on nutrient intake and digestibility, semen quality, and body weight. L. leucocephala supplementation to the goat diets have been reported to improve production of volatile fatty acid and urinary purine derivatives, growth performance, dressing percentage, and overall yield of kid per animal, as well as reduce the incidence of abortion. This suggests that supplementation with high-quality foliage is very beneficial to increase nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and reproductive performance of goats fed low quality grass
Antimicrobial effect of cinnamon oil, L-lysine, and beta-carotene on multi-drug resistant Listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk and dairy products
Get PDFDespite many achievements in developed countries mainly in health and food sectors, L .monocytogenes remains a great challenge in food industries. This study was developed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of L. monocytogenes in Egyptian dairies. Furthermore, some phytochemicals such as cinnamon oil, L-lysine, and beta-carotene were used as antilisterial additives in soft cheese as a food substrate. A total of 150 dairy samples (raw milk, farm bulk tank milk, yogurt, Kareish cheese, white soft cheese (Damietta), and ice cream, 25 each) were screened to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. The results revealed that 5, 10, 8, 6, 3, and 2 samples of bulk tank milk, market raw milk, Kariesh cheese, soft cheese, yogurt, and ice cream were contaminated with Listeria spp., respectively. The antimicrobial resistance profiling showed that 100% of L .monocytogenes (12 isolates) revealed resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, and cefepime. Furthermore, molecular characterization revealed that all L. monocytogenes harbored the hylA virulent gene. Application of some phytochemicals such as cinnamon oil and L-lysine significantly (p<0.05) reduced L. monocytogenes growth in soft cheese artificially contaminated with L. monocytogenes, while beta-carotene did not reveal any significant (p<0.05) growth inhibition during 28 days of storage. In conclusion, Egyptian dairy products are considered a vehicle for the transmission of L. monocytogenes, thus strict hygienic measures should be adopted from farm to fork. In addition, cinnamon oil and L-lysine are considered good candidates for dairy sectors as food preservatives
Benefits of pectin coating cuticle damaged egg to prevent contamination with S. enteritidis and E. coli during sanitization with slightly acidic electrolyzed water
Get PDFEnsuring the microbial safety of eggs is essential to reduce foodborne illnesses caused by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and SAEW combined with pectin coating (SAEW-p) in reducing bacterial survival on eggshells and egg contents during refrigerated storage over 7 days. Fresh cuticle-damaged eggs were artificially inoculated with E. coli and S. enteritidis and subjected to SAEW or SAEW-p treatments. Bacterial counts were assessed on day 0 and throughout storage (days 1, 3, 5, and 7) at 4°C. On eggshells, SAEW-p treatment demonstrated significantly enhanced bacterial reduction compared to SAEW alone. By day 7, SAEW-p reduced E. coli and S. enteritidis counts to 3.30 and 3.74 log CFU/ml, respectively, compared to 4.67 and 4.38 log CFU/ml for SAEW-treated eggs and 5.65 and 5.37 log CFU/ml for the control. In egg contents, SAEW-p eliminated E. coli by day 5 and maintained sterility through day 7, whereas SAEW alone achieved partial bacterial reduction. The superior efficacy of SAEW-p is attributed to the synergistic effect of SAEW's oxidative disinfection and the physical barrier provided by the pectin coating, which inhibited bacterial recontamination and moisture loss. These findings highlight the potential of SAEW-p as a safe, eco-friendly, and highly effective treatment to enhance microbial safety and extend the shelf life of eggs during storage. The combined approach offers a promising solution for the food industry to mitigate contamination risks and ensure food safety
Proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and sensory evaluation of meatballs as processed food from duck with fermented seaweed waste feed treatment
Get PDFA previous study, seaweed (Glacilaria sp.) waste containing its symbiont (Brotia sp.) was utilized as Pegging duck feed supplement. This study investigated the impact of using fermented seaweed waste (FSW) as a Pegging duck feed supplement on the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and sensory properties of duck meatballs. The result showed that ducks fed with fermented seaweed waste (FSW) had carcass with low fat content. Meatballs from duck fed with 12.5 % FSW for 30 days starting from 15-weeks-old, had lower fat content and higher unsaturated fatty acid [Palmitoleic (omega-7), Eicosapentaenoic (omega -3), Linolenic (omega-3), and Oleic (omega -9)] significantly than control meatballs (without SW feed treatment). However, Linolelaidic (omega-6) as a trans fatty acid was significantly lower in duck meatballs treatment than control. There was no effect of SW treatment on the saturated fatty acid of duck meatballs. Sensory test demonstrated that duck meatballs of treatment group was preferable than control and had similar preferences to commercial. The treated duck meatballs had a desirable meat aroma, were tender and had good taste and springiness. In conclusion, supplementing duck feed with fermented seaweed waste can produce healthier, low-fat duck meatballs with improved sensory qualities, supporting their potential as a functional food product.
Carcass, non-carcass characteristics, physicochemical properties, and fatty acids composition of grass-fed Kacang goat at different slaughter weight
Get PDFConsumers are concerned not just with the fat content in meat, but also with its quality. This study investigated carcass, non-carcass characteristics, physicochemical properties, and fatty acids composition of grass-fed goat at different slaughter weight. Ten heads of yearling goat with 14.60±2.84 kg of slaughtered weight were grouped into 2 that had lighter slaughter weight (LSW): 10 kg to less than 15 kg and heavier slaughter weight (HSW): 15 to 20 kg. The HSW goats produced more carcasses, more meat, and higher meat + fat to bone ratio. Although the weight of rack, loin, leg, fore shank, breast, and edible offal were higher in HSW goats compared to LSW goats, but the percentages were similar. Physical characteristics, fat, and collagen content in the meat were similar. However, the moisture content of LSW goats was higher than that of HSW goats, while the protein content was lower. Saturated fatty acids in the Biceps femoris mostly consisted of stearic acid (25.70% in LSW goats and 19.29% in HSW goats) and palmitic acid (16.70% in LSW goats and 21.24% in HSW goats). Monounsaturated fatty acids were mainly consisted of oleic acid (20.09% in LSW goats and 27.23% in HSW goats). Poly unsaturated fatty acids mostly consisted of arachidonic acid (12.93% in LSW goats and 9.11% in HSW goats). Poly unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids ratio was 0.25 to 0.39. It can be concluded that carcass characteristics and protein content of HSW goat were better compared to LSW goat