Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Immunomodulatory effects of Oregano and Artichoke based pharmaceuticals on Barki ewes' immune response to sheep pox vaccine
Get PDFLately, there's been a growing recognition of the therapeutic potential of natural plant extracts. These extracts have shown promise in treating a range of diseases and in partially mitigating the oxidative stress often linked with illnesses or the use of antibiotics. This work studied the effect of two pharmaceutical products based on plant extracts on the humoral and innate immune response of Barki ewes to the Sheep pox Vaccine. For this purpose, 15 Barki ewes were injected with the life-attenuated pox vaccine only (Pox group), 15 Barki ewes were injected with the same vaccine and orally treated with 50ml/head of Immune Care® (based oregano extract) for 5 consecutive days, (Immune Care Group (IG)), 15 Barki ewes were injected with the same vaccine and orally treated with 50ml/head of Bovi Care® (based on artichoke) for 5 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from them, NI and innate immunity, and clinicopathological parameters were estimated and statistically analyzed. Immune Care® and Bovi Care® didn`t improve the humoral immune responses of vaccinated ewes to the vaccine. However, they maintained the vaccinated ewes' total antioxidant capacity, erythrocyte counts, and total protein levels within normal ranges. Furthermore, they exhibited better values in serum renal and hepatic function tests, neutrophil phagocytic index, albumin, and globulin. Conclusion: Immune Care® and Bovi Care® did not have any effect on the humoral immune response of the Barki ewes to the pox vaccine but they effectively mitigated some of its side effects
Beef shank Pineapple vinegar marinade optimization: Relationship between textural and physical characteristics
Get PDFShank meat has a tough texture that limited its culinary applications due to its high concentration of connective tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine how marinating beef shank with pineapple vinegar affected its physical characteristics (pH and water-holding capacity (WHC)), texture profile (hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness), and the relationship between both. A completely randomized design with six replications was employed. The treatments consisted of a control, not marinated, and marination in pineapple Vinegar solutions at concentrations of 8% and 16%. Water-holding capacity and hardness of the meat were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced with the increase in the concentration of pineapple vinegar. Contrastively, springiness and cohesiveness were not affected (P > 0.05). Soaking beef shank with pineapple vinegar has enhanced the quality and tenderness of the meat, and the most favorable concentration is found to be 16%. The association between WHC and meat texture, however, is closer than between WHC and pH. It thus provides useful insights into the utilization of natural meat tenderizers to increase the quality of tougher meat cuts and perspectives for industrial and domestic applications
Comparative anatomical and histological study of plastinated and non-plastinated organs of one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Get PDF Formalin, commonly used as an embalming fluid for tissue preservation, poses significant risks to the public health of humans and animals. The present study aims to focus on the Elnady plastination method for tissue preservation and examines the macro and microscopic changes in two organs before and after the plastination. Spleen and testis samples from six one-humped camels were used in this study. Plastination process included formalin fixation, acetone dehydration, glycerin impregnation, and cornstarch curing. The gross morphological changes and weights of the spleen and testis were measured after each treatment phase. The spleen turned dark brown color after the glycerin phase, while the testicular capsule became more transparent. Shrinkage was noted as 23.16% in the spleen and 31.57% in the testis. Both light and transmission electron microscopical (TEM) results confirmed the shrinkage, especially in the collagen fibers, that showed reduction in their amount and formation of spaces between the cells in both the spleen and testis
Molecular evidence of mecA gene encoding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cats in Surabaya, Indonesia
Get PDFMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a novel strain of this bacterium that is resistant to b-lactam antibiotics with multidrug-resistant (MDR) features. Probable MRSA reservoirs have been identified in pet animals. This investigation sought to determine the mecA gene, which confers methicillin resistance in MRSA in cats. A total of 150 cats were collected from animal clinics and veterinary hospitals in five regions of Surabaya, Indonesia. S. aureus isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method, which consisted of streaking bacterial suspensions according to the 0.5 McFarland standard and then placing five different antibiotic disks on Mueller–Hinton Agar (MHA). Oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) was used to continue cultivating cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates as an MRSA confirmation test. Eighteen (12%) S. aureus isolates were found as a result of the identification and isolation. The antibiotic resistance test results revealed 7 (38.88%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates: 3 (16.66%) MDR S. aureus isolates and 4 (22.22%) MDR S. aureus isolates testing positive for ORSAB, which were identified as MDR and MRSA isolates, respectively. Four MRSA isolates were then subjected to molecular detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with positive results revealed by a band that appeared at 310 bp. This study unearthed molecular evidence for the mecA gene that confers methicillin resistance in MRSA. It can be concluded that strict monitoring for MRSA in cats is required due to the significance of these bacteria and their potential for zoonotic transmission.
Association of passive transfer failure of colostrum and serum immunoglobulins with risk factors in both natural and embryo transfer arabian foals
Get PDF Thirty Arabian foals were included in this study, 15 produced by natural breeding and the others by the embryo transfer technique. This study was conducted during the first 24 hours of the foal's life, as the foal immunoglobulin (IgG) levels were measured using three different methods. The first method, the most reliable in this study, was the ELISA test (reference method). The other methods used for serum analysis were the refractometer and zinc sulfate test, while the colostrum immunoglobulins (IgG) of mares were measured only by refractometer. Furthermore, some statistical analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic test characteristics of the refractometer and zinc sulfate test, which were used to calculate the optimal cut-off values for estimating different passive immunity statuses in foals. The optimal cut-off values were selected based on sensitivity and specificity, as the best cut-off point contains the ideal combination of these factors. Additionally, the calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) for the refractometer and zinc sulfate tests provided information about the accuracy of the tests in differentiating foals with and without failure of passive transfer (FPT). This study aimed to estimate the risk factors associated with the failure of passive transfer. The results revealed that these factors are related to the dam, including age, parity, pregnancy type (whether broodmare or recipient), body weight, body condition scores, gestation period, mineral salt administration, and measurement of colostrum IgG by refractometer, as well as serum IgG by ELISA, zinc sulfate, and refractometer. On the other hand, factors related to foals included birth weight, number of navel disinfection, foaling time, gender, and measurement of IgG in serum by ELISA, zinc sulfate, and refractometer
Immunological and histopathological evaluation of the seventh day Intermediate Plus Tissue Culture live attenuated IBD vaccine in commercial broiler chickens
Get PDFInfectious Bursal Disease (IBD) causes significant challenges to the poultry industry, particularly with the emergence of novel variant Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) strains. Effective vaccination program is required for controlling this disease, but the impact of such vaccines on the bursa of Fabricius, the main immune organ, remains a concern. This study had been conducted for immunological evaluation of early vaccination with Intermediate plus tissue culture (INP-TC) IBD vaccine (Bursipharm®) and to assess the impact of this vaccine on the bursa of Fabricius in broiler chickens. No significant differences were observed in body weight and feed conversion ratio between the vaccinated and control groups. The relative weight of the bursa and spleen did not differ significantly, and the bursa/body index indicated no significant atrophy on the bursa of Fabricius in vaccinated birds. Immunologically, IBDV antibody titers were significantly higher in the vaccinated group, whereas Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody levels showed no significant differences. Histopathological lesion score in bursa of Fabricius showed mild to moderate lesions in the vaccinated group without causing any pathological atrophy throughout the experiment. Using the intermediate plus IBDV tissue culture origin vaccine (Bursipharm®) at 7 days and the second dose at 14 days induced an effective immune response against Gumboro disease with controllable effects on the bursa of Fabricius. The vaccine can overcome maternal derived antibodies (MDA) and initiate an immune response as early as possible, which becomes beneficial in combating novel variant strain of IBDV and preventing the replication of this strain in the bursa of Fabricius at an early age
Impact of Nigella sativa meal on blood metabolites and immune status of growing lambs
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to assess the impact of Nigella sativa meal (NSM) at different levels of inclusion on blood metabolites, antioxidant status and immunomodulatory of growing lambs. Thirty-five Rahmani lambs were randomly allocated to five diet treatments for 90 days. Group 1 received a basal diet without Nigella sativa meal and considered as control, while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 fed on diets contained 6, 12, 18 and 24 % NSM, respectively. The parameters measured were blood metabolites, oxidative stress indicators, immune response, and inflammatory cytokines levels. Blood metabolites indicated increased total protein, albumin, and globulin levels, while the levels of creatinine, liver enzymes, lipids, and glucose were reduced. There were increases in antioxidants and immune markers and a decrease in inflammatory markers. It could be concluded that supplementation of NSM enhance blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and immune status of growing Rahmani lambs and therefore, suggests the use of NSM as a sustainable and ideal alternative for antibiotics
Alterations in the lipid profile and oxidative stress associated with anorexia in donkeys with large intestinal impaction
Get PDFHyperlipemia is one of the most common and life-threatening conditions, frequently associated with anorexia secondary to many disease conditions. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the lipid profile and oxidative stress associated with different durations of anorexia in donkeys with large intestinal impaction. Twenty-three non-pregnant female donkeys (7–13 years, 270–300 kg) affected by large intestinal impaction and varying durations of anorexia (1, 3, 5, and ≥ 6 days) were investigated. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, hepatic indicators, and antioxidant defenses. Results revealed progressive significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum triglycerides, LDL, uric acid, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidase, and bilirubin, indicating enhanced fat mobilization, hepatic strain, and oxidative stress. Conversely, antioxidant defenses such as catalase activity and vitamin C declined sharply, while HDL levels also decreased significantly (p <0.05). Albumin showed a mild reduction, whereas total protein remained stable. The findings highlight that prolonged anorexia, especially beyond 5–6 days, induces severe metabolic dysregulation and oxidative imbalance, predisposing donkeys to hyperlipemia and hepatic dysfunction. Early nutritional and antioxidant intervention is therefore crucial to mitigate these risks and improve survival outcomes in anorexic donkeys suffering from impaction of the large intestine
Amelioration of physical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and fertilizing potential of cryopreserved buck goats’ spermatozoa through Amphora coffeaeformis microalga extract
Get PDFThis investigation consisted of two sequential experiments. The first one attempted to explore the effect of various levels of Amphora coffeaeformis microalga extract (ACME) supplementation to the semen medium on buck’s sperm quality. Semen samples were collected with an artificial vagina from 6 fertile Damascus bucks and then were diluted with an extender containing ACME (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 µl/mL) or without (control). Aliquots of diluted semen were stored and maintained at 4°C for the subsequent 48 h during which sperm traits were assessed alongside total antioxidant capacity (TAC), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), reduction of the resazurin dye test (RRT), and sperm DNA fragmentation index using fluorescent imaging. In the second experiment, the optimum level of ACME supplementation was used to determine the fertilization ability of spermatozoa. The obtained results of the first experiment indicated clearly that level 12.5 µl/mL of ACME achieved higher (P< 0.05) values of progressive motility, live sperm, normal sperm, and intact acrosome at 48 h of chilled preservation than those of other experimental groups. Moreover, addition of 12.5 µl/mL ACME to the semen extender increased (P<0.05) TAC at T48 of the preservation period. Correspondingly, ACME supplementation at level of 12.5 µl/mL reduced the secondary sperm abnormalities at 48 h of chilled preservation. The results of DNA fragmentation index (DFI) improved (P<0.05) with level of ACME (12.5 µl/mL), compared with the other levels or control specimens at T48 h of storage period. Consequently, the optimum level of ACME (12.5 µl/mL) yielded higher (P<0.05) in fertilization rate compared to control. The emerged results accentuate the protective role of Amphora coffeaeformis microalga extract on cryopreserved spermatozoa. Furthermore, addition ACME at level of 12.5 μg/ mL to semen extender appeared to be the optimum level to express the valuable effects on the semen quality, antioxidant activities, DNA fragmentation index, and fertilizing potentials
Salinity and toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in aquatic system: A review study
Get PDFNanotechnology has significantly advanced in many scientific fields, particularly in nanoscale materials. Nanoparticles are distinguished by their small size and large surface area contributing to their unique functionality and reactivity. One of the most effective types of nanoparticles is zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), known for their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Aquatic organisms benefit from ZnO-NPs due to their ability to promote growth and provide nutritional advantages. An aqueous solution containing ZnO-NPs has proven effective in removing lead and cadmium from water. Furthermore, incorporating zinc oxide in nanoform into fish feed enhances food palatability and increases consumption rates. However, improper handling of these nanoparticles can pose serious environmental risks. The zinc ions released by ZnO-NPs in water are considered the primary source of toxicity. The toxicity of ZnO-NPs is influenced by the presence of Zn²⁺ ions in solution and the formation of particle aggregates. Various parameters, including salinity, affect the ZnO-NP aggregates and the release of zinc ions. Salinity facilitates this complexation by providing additional chloride ions, which further reduce Zn²⁺ concentrations. While salinity increases aggregation, Zn²⁺ levels tend to decrease with rising salinity. Therefore, the salinity of water must be considered when assessing the impact of nanoparticles on aquatic life. This review, for the first time, investigated the effect of salinity on the properties and toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, it highlighted the detrimental effects of ZnO-NPs on fish. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of salinity-nanoparticle interactions, further research into the physicochemical properties and toxicity of nanoparticles, such as ZnO-NPs, is essential