Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. leaf extract on germinal epithelium thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter in the testes of alloxan-induced white rats
Get PDFDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a pathological condition that leads to metabolic disturbances, affecting the health of both human and animals. R. tuberosa leaf extract, which contains antioxidants such as saponins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenols, has the potential to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, thereby mitigating testicular tissue damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of R. tuberosa leaf extract on germinal epithelium thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter in the testes of alloxan-induced white rats. This experimental study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with white rats as the animal models. The treatment groups included P0 (normal control), K- (diabetic control), K+ (50 mg/kg BW of metformin), P1 (200 mg/kg BW of R. tuberosa leaf extract), P2 (400 mg/kg BW of R. tuberosa leaf extract). Testicular organ samples were collected on day 14. Histopathological samples were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and examined under a trinocular microscope at 100X magnification. Data on germinal epithelium thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s test. The group receiving R. tuberosa leaf extract (200 mg/kg BW) exhibited the highest mean germinal epithelium thickness, while the diabetic control group showed the lowest value. Similarly, the group treated with R. tuberosa leaf extract (400 mg/kg BW) showed the highest seminiferous tubule diameter, and the lowest was the diabetic control group. The study indicated that the administration of R. tuberosa leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW significantly improved germinal epithelium thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter compared to the 50 mg/kg BW dose of metformin treatment
Influence of biologically treated jojoba meal with or without Alpinia galanga on growth performance and blood profile of weanling rabbits in North Sinai, Egypt: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15198536
No full textThe purpose of this work was to assess the utilization of biologically treated jojoba meal without or with Alpinia galanga as a protein source in weanling rabbits' feed. Thirty weaned New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits, aged 35 days and weighed 653.0±45.03 g, were assigned at random to three treatment groups (10/group). Experimental groups were as follows: the 1st group: Basal diet (CON), the 2nd group: Basal diet containing 10% treated jojoba meal (JML; substituted 40% of the soybean protein) and the 3rd group: Basal diet containing 10% treated jojoba meal and 0.25% Alpinia galanga (JMLA). At the finish of the experiment duration, four rabbits were randomly picked from each group and slaughtered to examine carcass features and blood characteristics. Results indicated that replacement of 40% soybean protein by protein of biologically treated jojoba meal without or with Alpinia galanga did not affect growth performance such as live body weight (LBW), total weight gain (TWG), daily weight gain (DWG), total and daily feed intake (TFI and DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative growth weight (RGW) and performance index (PI) at different ages (5-13 weeks age). Viability (%) was 100% for all treatment groups. Results indicated no discernible variations in blood parameters or carcass features among treatment groups. It could be concluded that the weanling rabbits' growth performance and health are unaffected using biologically processed jojoba meal without or with Alpinia galanga as a partial substitute for soybean meal protein
Performance and digestibility of low initial body of weight broilers fed infertile egg powder
Get PDFInfertile egg powder (IEP) is an alternative feed ingredient that is rich in protein and derived from hatchery waste. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating IEP into the diets of low initial body weight broilers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ammonia emissions, and footpad health. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with three treatments: low-weight DOC on a basal diet (T0), normal-weight day-old chick (DOC) on a basal diet (T1), and low-weight DOC on a basal diet supplemented with 4% IEP (T2), each with eight replications. Results showed that T2 broilers had significantly higher body weight gain, final body weight, cumulative feed intake, and performance index compared to T1 and T0 throughout both starter and finisher phases (P < 0.05). Crude protein and fat digestibility were also significantly improved in T2. However, no significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) across treatments. Furthermore, T2 exhibited the highest litter ammonia concentration among the experimental groups. The study concluded that IEP can effectively enhance growth and nutrient utilization in underweight broilers, offering a sustainable solution for optimizing poultry production, provided that environmental management practices are concurrently improved
Goat milk whey fermentation: A sustainable approach to producing tryptophan functional beverages by lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus casei
Get PDFThe challenge of sustainable goat milk processing can be partially overcome by utilizing the nutrients in whey to create functional foods that can improve health. This encourages the utilization of nutrients in goat milk whey through fermentation by utilizing microbes to produce bioactive compounds, one of them is tryptophan. Protein in whey one of which is lactalbumin, rich in the essential amino acid tryptophan. This study examines the fermentation of goat milk whey using L. rhamnosus and L. casei, to assess tryptophan levels, along with chemical and microbiological properties Sweet whey was produced by using rennet, centrifugated and filtrated, then inoculated with these bacteria according to the treatment (L. rhamnosus : L. casei = 1:0; 0:1; 1:1). Incubation occurred at 37℃ for a duration of 24 hours. The results showed that starter culture affects significantly (P<0.05) to lactose, pH, crude protein and crude tryptophan; but did not affects significantly (P>0.05) to titratable acidity and lactic acid bacteria count. In conclusion, fermented whey contained nearly lactose 3.39%-4.41%; pH 3.94-4.00; acidity 0.06%-0,11%; lactic acid bacteria count 9.55-9.89 log CFU/ml; crude protein 12.24%-19.57% and crude tryptophan 89.72 - 113.98 mg/100mg
Bioactive potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus l. Moench) as a feed additive in poultry: A mini review
Get PDFThe global poultry industry has been challenging due to the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and the increasing consumer demand for safe and environmentally friendly natural feed. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is a potential feed additive candidate because of its high levels of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phytosterols, which exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory activities. This mini-review summarizes the latest in vivo research findings on okra supplementation in broiler chickens and laying hens. Among the eight publications analyzed, okra supplementation at low to moderate doses (1–2 g/kg fruit powder, 1–2% seed powder, or 2–5% leaf flour) consistently improved the growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass quality, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, and gut microbiota balance in broilers. In laying hens, okra supplementation was found to increase egg production and yolk and shell quality, and reduce egg cholesterol levels, primarily mediated by phytoestrogenic and antioxidant activities. Although these results are promising, available research data remain limited and vary in terms of plant parts, processing methods, and supplementation levels. Therefore, standardization, long-term research, and molecular mechanism studies are needed to ensure the effectiveness and safety of okra as a natural feed additive to replace AGP in sustainable poultry farming
Canonical discriminant analysis for selected morphometric traits of native chicken in Libya
Get PDFThis study evaluated morphometric traits of native chickens from three Libyan regions Abongim, Abu Hadi, and Sirte using Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) to determine key traits for population differentiation. Six traits were measured in males and females: upper thigh length (UTL), lower thigh length (LTL), foot length (FL), third finger length (TFL), comb height (CH), and chest length (CL). Descriptive statistics indicated clear sexual dimorphism, with males generally larger and exhibiting greater variability in sexually dimorphic traits, while females showed greater uniformity, especially in skeletal dimensions. CDA revealed that Canonical Variate 3 (CAN 3) contributed most to discrimination, with FL, LTL, CH, and TFL being the most influential traits. Males exhibited higher classification accuracy (up to 75.48% in Abu Hadi) than females (maximum 58.21% in Sirte), suggesting greater morphometric divergence in males. Overall, the results indicate a largely homogeneous genetic background among Libyan native chickens with minor regional differences, particularly in limb and comb traits. This baseline morphometric information is valuable for supporting genetic conservation, selective breeding, and sustainable utilization strategies, although integration with molecular data is recommended to enhance population differentiation
Meta-Analysis: The effect of post-hatch delayed feed access on the physiological conditions of broiler chickens during the golden period
Get PDFThis meta-analysis aimed to conduct a systematic review and statistical analysis regarding the effects of post-hatch delayed access feed (DAF) on the physiological conditions of broiler chickens during the golden period. The materials were obtained from international journals, comprising 113 case studies collected from 11 selected and relevant journals. From various relevant parameters, six blood profiles and biochemical parameters were selected for the meta-analysis: glucose levels, cholesterol levels, total protein, heterophil counts, lymphocyte counts, and the heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. Observations have focused on the impact of DAF during the golden period in chicks aged 1–7 days. The data were tabulated and analyzed using meta-analysis with JASP software version 0.18.3.0. DAF had negative effects, including increased cholesterol levels, heterophil counts, and H/L ratio. However, it did not negatively affect glucose or total protein levels. Publication bias was identified in several DAF variable moderators related to glucose, total protein heterophile, lymphocyte, and H/L parameters, suggesting potential research outcome manipulation or interpretive bias. In conclusion, delayed feed access consistently exacerbates physiological conditions, as indicated by elevated cholesterol levels, heterophil counts, and H/L ratio in broiler chickens during the golden period
Association and expression study of PCYOX1 Gene with flavor odor in Indonesian sheep
Get PDFSheep meat is experiencing increasing global demand, making product quality enhancements through flavors or odors essential. The PCYOX1 gene and its role in the development of sheep meat sensory characteristics of flavors and odor have been identified. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze species polymorphisms of the PCYOX1 gene and their relationships with flavor and odor traits in sheep. A total of 85 rams ranging from 10 to 12 months from Javanese Thin-Tailed Sheep (JTTS) and Jonggol Sheep (JS) were utilized. The species of the PCYOX1 gene were analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The relationship of phenotypes of flavor & odor by gene polymorphisms with the general linear model (GLM). The results showed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation g.37912033 G>A occurring with genotypes AA, AG, and GG. The study of associations demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) relationship between SNP of the PCYOX1 gene with odor-flavor compounds involving 4-methyl-octanoic acid (MOA) & 4-methyl-nonanoic acid (MNA). Results indicated the AG genotype was associated with lower flavor odor intensity compared to genotypes AA and GG. The results indicated that PCYOX1 might be a potential candidate for breeding sheep with better flavor and odor, which could probably increase their quality as well as economic value in the meat trade
Impact of high-oil diets with bile acids or bovine bile extracts on growth performance and histomorphology of liver and intestine in grower broilers
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of supplementing high-fat starter diets with bovine bile extract (BBE) and commercial bile acid (CBA) on growth performance, organ morphology, histomorphology of the small intestine and liver, fat digestibility, and economic outcomes in broilers during the starter phase. A total of 336 Cobb strain day-old chicks were randomly assigned to eight dietary regimens: BF (basal fat), HF (high fat), HF+CBA (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg), and HF+BBE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg), with six replicates per regimen. The feeding trial was conducted from days 7 to 21. Data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts and polynomial analysis. Results showed that CBA at low levels significantly increased body weight gain (P = 0.02). Additionally, BBE supplementation significantly increased body weight gain (P = 0.05), performance index (P = 0.03), and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.04). HF+CBA (200) and HF+BBE (600) treatments significantly reduced FCR (P = 0.01) and improved the performance index (P = 0.02) by day 21. CBA also significantly increased pancreatic weight (P = 0.02) and villus height (P = 0.01). BBE significantly reduced bile weight (P = 0.03), increased ileum weight (P = 0.04), and extended the length of the large intestine (P < 0.01). Economically, the treatments BF vs HF HF+CBA (200) and HF+BBE (600) increased revenue by 5.25% and IOFC by 12.29%, while HF+CBA (200) vs HF+BBE (600) raised IOFC by 9.71%. In conclusion, supplementing high-fat diets with CBA and BBE improved growth performance, digestive organ efficiency, and economic outcomes, and BBE at 600 mg/kg was identified as the optimal dose for supplementation
Ovarian dynamics and hemodynamics of pubertal fat-tail ewes supplemented moringa seed cake before and after exogenous progesterone synchronization
Get PDFTo study the effect of supplementation of moringa seed cake on the ovarian dynamics and hemodynamics, hormonal and antioxidant capacity of yearling ewes, native ewes (n=20) were equally divided into control supplemented the basal diet and moringa seed cake (MSC) supplemented orally 7.0g daily for 45 days. After 17 days of starting supplementation, exogenous 45mg progesterone sponges were inserted for a short period (6 days) and each animal was administrated 2.5mg Dinoprost tromethamine on the day of sponge removal. Ultrasound Doppler was conducted and blood samples were collected on the day of sponge insertion (Day -6), sponge removal (Day 0), Days 2, 9, 15, and 21. Results indicated increased dominant follicle diameter and number in ewe-lambs supplemented with MSC on Day 2 (P=0.0007), 9 (P=0.009), and Day 21 (P=0.005)Subordinate follicle diameter of MSC increased on Day -6, 2 (P<0.0001), 9 (P=0.004) and 21 (P=0.012). The follicle’s average circumference, area, and perimeter increased (P<0.0001) in ewe-lambs supplemented with MSC on Days 2, 9, and 21. CL diameter, perimeter, and area of MSC reached the highest (P<0.0001) on Day 15 but those of control reached the maximum diameter (P=0.032) on Day 21. Ovarian color area of MSC increased (P<0.01) on days 0 and 2. The concentrations of total antioxidants, glutathione reduced, catalase, and SOD increased in ewe lambs supplemented MSc. In conclusion, MSC improved follicle and luteal development, ovarian hemodynamics, and response to synchronization using short-term exogenous progesterone. MSC improved the antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation during the estrus of ewes