Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
Not a member yet
1269 research outputs found
Sort by
Ascophyllum nodosum as a growth promoter in poultry: Meta-analysis
Get PDFThe increasing global demand for protein demand for efficient and sustainable strategies in poultry industry. One of the latest advancements is the use of seaweeds as economic feed for poultry. The seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, a brown seaweed has much potential due to its bio-active compounds and aid body weight growth in poultry. This meta-analysis examines its efficiency in terms of body weight across the species of broiler and age groups. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across NCBI (521 results) and Google Scholar (2,480 results), with studies screened for relevance based on inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Using 27 unique study point from the finalized literature, standard mean differences (Hedges’ d) were calculated to assess the effect size. The meta-analysis revealed a robust and significant positive effect of A. nodosum supplementation on poultry body weight, with a pooled effect size of d = 1.705 (95% CI: 0.907 to 2.503, p < 0.001). A high heterogeneity was observed (I² = 98.85%, Q = 2254.834, p < 0.001). Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation significantly enhance broiler body weight. However, further studies are needed to explore factors influencing its efficacy, such as environmental conditions, management, and extracts
Association of SNP g.3272 T/C in the leptin gene with reproductive traits in Brahman Cross and Belgian Blue Crossbred
Get PDF This study investigates the role of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) g.3272 T/C in the leptin gene as a genetic marker for enhancing reproductive efficiency in Brahman Cross and Belgian Blue crossbred cattle in Indonesia. A total of 27 Belgian Blue crossbred and 10 Brahman Cross cows were evaluated for reproductive traits, including age at puberty, age at first mating, postpartum estrus (PPE), postpartum mating (PPM), and service per conception (S/C). SNP analysis was performed using PCR-RFLP with the HindIII enzyme, and verification was carried out by sequencing. Visual estrus symptoms, estrogen levels, vaginal epithelial cell distribution, and reproductive performance were all found to be significantly (P<0.05) correlated with SNP g.3272 T/C in three genotypes (TT, TC, and CC). PPE (78.50±1.29 days), age at first mating, and the youngest age at puberty (19.50±1.29 months) were all improved in Brahman Cross cattle with the TT genotype. The TC genotype of F1 Belgian Blue cattle performed the best, with the youngest PPE (75.80±1.92 days), age at first mating, and puberty (18.85±0.56 months). Both populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Both Brahman Cross and Belgian Blue crossbred cattle had the same Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values, which were 0.37. These findings suggest that SNP g.3272 T/C of the leptin gene is a promising marker for genetic selection intended to improve the reproductive efficiency of crossbred cattle and advance Indonesia's sustainable livestock productivity
Comparative analysis of amino acid profiles from the 13 mtDNA protein-coding genes in New Zealand White and Indonesia local rabbits
Get PDFThis study aimed to characterize the amino acid profiles of 13 mtDNA protein-coding genes in Indonesian local rabbits and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from liver tissue to obtain complete mtDNA sequences using long-read sequencing technology (Nanopore). The mtDNA sequences were aligned to identify amino acid variations in the 13 mtDNA protein-coding genes, including ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5, ND6, COX1, COX2, COX3, ATP6, ATP8, and CYTB. Results showed that the amino acid composition in both strains was largely conserved, with leucine as the dominant residue. Minor variations were observed, such as higher phenylalanine in Indonesia local rabbits and slightly lower isoleucine in NZW rabbits, suggesting potential differences in energy metabolism and physiological adaptation. Low proportions of cysteine, arginine, and aspartate were found in both strains, reflecting their limited structural role. Overall, the amino acid composition patterns of mtDNA were highly conserved (dominated by Leu, Ile, Phe, and Ser), although small but significant differences in certain genes, such as ND4L, COX1, and ND2, may be associated with genetic adaptation, domestication history, and physiological performance of the two strains
Role of amino acids and endogenous lipids in sperm capacitation of porcine spermatozoa
Get PDFThe role of oxidative substrates and metabolic pathways in providing energy for porcine sperm capacitation is not yet fully understood. Our aim was to study the role of amino acids and endogenous lipids as oxidative substrates in porcine sperm capacitation, comparing them to classical oxidative substrates such as glucose and pyruvate. Sperm samples were incubated in capacitation media with or without classical oxidative substrates. Amino acids were added in the presence or absence of salicylate, an oxidative deamination inhibitor, to assess their potential as oxidative substrates. To evaluate endogenous lipid consumption, L-carnitine (a fatty acid β-oxidation inducer) and etomoxir (a fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor) were utilized. Sperm motility, viability, capacitation, and ammonia production were evaluated for each treatment. In capacitation media without oxidative substrates, spermatozoa preserved motility and viability but failed to undergo capacitation. The addition of amino acids to the medium without oxidative substrates increased ammonia production but did not support sperm capacitation and diminished sperm motility. These effects were not observed when glucose and pyruvate were present in culture medium, although ammonia production was still increased. The addition of L-carnitine to the medium without oxidative substrates significantly improved sperm capacitation, whereas etomoxir had no effect. Boar spermatozoa have deamination activity, but amino acids by themselves cannot sustain sperm capacitation. Contrarily, catabolism of endogenous lipids can partially support sperm capacitation when they are the only oxidative substrates available. This study provides new insights into the role of metabolic pathways during porcine sperm capacitation and has significant implications for the development of assisted reproductive technologies in this species
Radiographic imaging of the thorax in newborn calves with anorectal anomalies
Get PDFThe present study aimed to understand the radiographic anatomy of the thorax in newborn calves and to investigate the effect of anorectal anomalies on respiratory and cardiovascular structures. The study included thirty newborn calves. All were male except four. Their ages ranged from 1 to 5 days. Upon arrival at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), the animals underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. The calves were divided into two groups: the anorectal group (n=19) and the non-anorectal group (n=11). The radiographic examination focused on both the abdomen and thorax in the first group, while the second group was assessed primarily for other conditions, such as mandibular or limb fractures, alongside thoracic evaluation. Two lateral radiographic views of the thorax were obtained for each animal. Key measurements were taken, which included the cranial pulmonary blood vessels, vertebral heart score (VHS), diameter of the caudal vena cava (CVC), diameter of the aorta, tracheal diameter, thoracic inlet, thoracic length, and thoracic axis. The size of the heart was evaluated according to the Fernández method. The results indicated that there were no significant changes in clinical examination findings between the two groups, except for an increased respiratory rate in the anorectal group. Radiographic findings showed no significant differences between the right and left lateral views within each group. However, clear differences were observed between the anorectal and non-anorectal groups in terms of cardiac long axis (CLA), cardiac short axis (CSA), VHS, thoracic length, and thoracic axis (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in heart size according to the Fernández method between the two groups. In conclusion, radiography is a valuable tool for understanding the thoracic anatomy of newborn calves. Anorectal anomalies lead to significant changes in some thoracic structures due to abdominal distension and pressure on the diaphragm. Additionally, different methods for assessing cardiac size are unreliable and should not be solely relied upon for definitive conclusions about heart size
Utilization of hepatocyte cell culture to increase the success of in vitro fertilization in cattle
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine levels of IGF-1 and estrogen obtained from hepatocyte cells culture for bovine in vitro fertilization. Hepatocyte cells were cultured in TCM 199 + FCS 10% + BSA 10% to produce IGF-1, estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone concentration, was minimized by binding technique using antiprogesterone coated polystyrene tubes. The IGF-1 and estrogen are used as supplementation media for in vitro fertilization and as embryo culture media. The result showed that 6 days incubation period had the most confluent monolayer compared to the other incubation period, therefore, resulted in the highest concentration of IGF-1 as well as estrogen. AntiP4 could be used to absorb progesterone produced from monolayer culture of liver and cumulus cells. IGF-1 and estrogen from monolayer culture of hepatocyte cells before and after progesterone absorption resulted in a cleavage rate of 27.48% and 53.61%, respectively. The stage morula embryo rates were 5.73% and 27.59%, and could also reduce the apoptosis in the embryos cultured in liver cell were 23.71%, while without supplemented apoptotic rate in embryo cell was 70.58%. It could be concluded that monolayer culture of bovine hepatocyte cells could produce IGF-1 and estrogen growth factor which acted as mitogenic substances that could be used as supplement media in in vitro fertilization and embryo development as well as able to reduce the incidence of apoptosis in embryo resulted.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic efficacy of pomegranate molasses versus peel extract against sodium nitrate hepatotoxicity in rats
Get PDFThe current research was performed to compare the efficacy of pomegranate molasses (PM) versus pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PPAE) in ameliorating the hepatotoxicity of sodium nitrate. The phytochemical screenings of PM and PPAE were analyzed using GC/MS. Sixty male rats were randomly assigned to six equal groups and treated for 10 successive weeks. The control group received distilled water orally, the PM and PPAE groups were orally administered PM (0.5 ml/rat) and PPAE (100 mg/kg), respectively, the nitrate group received sodium nitrate (500 ppm) in drinking water, the Nitrate+PM and Nitrate+PPAE groups received PM and PPAE, respectively with nitrate. Sodium nitrate-intoxicated rats showed significant elevations in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, significant increases in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide levels, as well as significant decreases in reduced glutathione content and catalase activity in hepatic tissues. Moreover, sodium nitrate caused histopathological alterations in the liver, along with significant increases in the expressions of caspase-3, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, tumor necrosis factor α, and glial fibrillary acidic protein and decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2 expression. Conversely, the concomitant administration of either PM or PPAE with sodium nitrate mitigated the biochemical, histopathological, and histochemical toxic effects induced by sodium nitrate intoxication. Accordingly, pomegranate molasses and peel extract exhibited similar protective effects against sodium nitrate-provoked hepatotoxicity, mainly via their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities
Microbial quality of cooking butter after addition of curcumin extract during refrigerated storage
Get PDFCooking butter is a popular type of food consumed in Egypt. However, its microbial quality may deteriorate during conventional production methods, potentially leading to health risks. The shelf life of cooking butter can be extended by incorporating natural preservatives. Curcumin extract is one such natural compound known for its antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial quality of cooking butter stored at 5±1°C for 30 days after the addition of curcumin extract at concentrations of 2% and 4% (v/w). The butter samples were analyzed for the presence of coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, psychrotrophic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria, enterococci, yeasts, and molds at several intervals, including the initial time, the second day, and then weekly until the end of the storage period. The results revealed that both 2% and 4% curcumin extract significantly reduced all investigated microbial counts during the storage period from the first to the last week, with a more pronounced reduction observed at the 4% concentration. The sensory evaluation confirmed that the curcumin-enriched butter exhibited desirable attributes. These findings indicate that curcumin extract is a potent antimicrobial agent, capable of reducing microbial contamination in cooking butter during refrigerated storage, offering a safer alternative to artificial preservatives
Sperm characteristics in frozen semen using microscopy and flow cytometry in breeding bulls from Cajamarca, Peru
Get PDFEvaluating bulls is crucial for selecting sires and ensuring the sustainability of livestock herds. This study aimed to assess sperm quality in frozen semen from breeding bulls in Cajamarca, Peru. Three bulls from the Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Fleckvieh breeds were selected, and three 0.5 mL straws from each bull were analyzed. Optical microscopy revealed an overall motility of 40.37±18.29%, a concentration of 89.07±39.51 million spermatozoa/mL, and normal morphology of 81±5.95%, surpassing the minimum international quality control standards for commercialization. Flow cytometry analysis showed that plasma membrane integrity (PMI), assessed using SYBR/PI, reached 17.5±7.79%; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), evaluated with MitoTracker Deep Red FM, was 22.67±8.96%; and acrosomal membrane integrity (AMI), assessed with FITC-PSA/PI, was 19.24±8.15%. PMI varied among breeds, being lowest in Holstein bulls (11.50±5.32%), followed by Brown Swiss (20.49±9.57%) and Fleckvieh (20.52±4.05%). A similar trend was observed for MMP, with Holstein exhibiting the lowest values (16.01±8.25%), followed by Brown Swiss (23.80±8.9%) and Fleckvieh (28.19±5.28%) (P<0.05). No differences in AMI were found among breeds (P>0.05). A direct correlation was observed between PMI and MMP (r: 0.763; P=0.000), PMI and AMI (r: 0.850; P=0.000), and MMP and AMI (r: 0.635; P=0.000). Normal sperm morphology was correlated with PMI (r: 0.4; P=0.039) and inversely correlated with AMI (r: -0.534; P=0.004). In summary, sperm characteristics assessed via microscopy in breeding bulls from Cajamarca showed acceptable values. However, flow cytometry evaluations revealed lower values, particularly in Holstein bulls, which exhibited lower percentages of PMI and MMP compared to Brown Swiss and Fleckvieh breeds
Modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Get PDFEndocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are used to describe environmental agents that alter endocrine function. They are found in the environment as constituents of consumer products, such as plastic bottles, toys, and pesticides. Mechanisms of action for their effects are not thoroughly understood. Some chemicals may disrupt endocrine function via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Kinases function in signal-transducing pathways involved in regulating key cellular processes in many organisms. These kinases can be activated by various extracellular physiological or pathological stimuli. EDCs initiate stress and induce kinase phosphorylation cascades. This review discusses previous studies regarding MAPK pathways and their role in endocrine disruption. This work highlights the pathological effects of EDCs and describes their impact on MAPK signaling