Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Murcia
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Clima motivacional e divertimento no desporto: o papel mediador da regulação comportamental
Get PDFBehavioral regulation serves as a critical explanatory mechanism in understanding how motivational climate impacts enjoyment, reinforcing the importance of fostering task-involving environments to enhance athletes’ motivation and overall sport experience, particularly in enjoyment. The aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of behavioral regulation in the relationship between motivational climate (task-involving and ego-involving) and enjoyment in sport. The study involved 294 soccer players (153 males and 141 females) aged between 15 and 19 (M = 14.55; SD = 1.71). The Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale was used to assess the motivational climate, the Sport Motivation Scale-II to assess behavioral regulation and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale to assess enjoyment. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the role of behavioral regulation in the relationship between motivational climate and enjoyment. The results indicated that a task-involving motivational climate is associated with higher levels of autonomous motivation (r = .681; p≤.001), which in turn is related to greater enjoyment (r = .175; p≤.001). On the other hand, an ego-involving climate is associated with non-self-determined motivation (r = .657; p≤.001) and lower enjoyment (r = -.357; p≤.001). Autonomous motivation significantly mediated the relationship between task-involving climate and enjoyment (β = .38; 95% CI = .201, .575). The study reinforces the importance of promoting task-involving motivational climates to foster autonomous motivation and increase enjoyment in athletes. Autonomous motivation seems to play a mediating role in the relationship between motivational climate and enjoyment.La regulación del comportamiento es un mecanismo explicativo fundamental para entender cómo influye el clima motivacional en la diversión, lo que refuerza la importancia de fomentar entornos que impliquen tareas para mejorar la motivación de los deportistas y su experiencia deportiva en general, especialmente en lo que respecta la diversión. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el papel mediador de la regulación conductual en la relación entre el clima motivacional (implicación en la tarea e implicación en el ego) y la diversión en el deporte. En el estudio participaron 294 jugadores de fútbol (153 hombres y 141 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 19 años (M = 14.55; SD = 1.71). Se utilizó la Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale para evaluar el clima motivacional, la Sport Motivation Scale-II para evaluar la regulación conductual y la Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale para evaluar la diversión. Se realizó un análisis de mediación para examinar el papel de la regulación conductual en la relación entre el clima motivacional y la diversión. Los resultados indicaron que un clima motivacional de implicación en la tarea se asocia con mayores niveles de motivación autónoma (r = .681; p≤.001), que a su vez se relaciona con una mayor diversión (r = .175; p≤.001). Por otro lado, un clima de implicación del ego se asocia con una motivación no autodeterminada (r = .657; p≤.001) y una menor diversión (r = -.357; p≤.001). La motivación autónoma medió significativamente en la relación entre el clima de implicación en la tarea y la diversión (β = .38; 95% CI = .201, .575). El estudio refuerza la importancia de promover climas motivacionales de implicación en la tarea para fomentar la motivación autónoma y aumentar la diversión en los deportistas. La motivación autónoma parece desempeñar un papel mediador en la relación entre el clima motivacional y el disfrute.A regulação comportamental é um mecanismo explicativo fundamental para compreender como o clima motivacional afeta o prazer, reforçando a importância de promover ambientes envolventes de tarefas para melhorar a motivação dos atletas e a experiência desportiva global, particularmente no prazer. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o papel mediador da regulação comportamental na relação entre o clima motivacional (Envolvimento para a tarefa e Envolvimento com o ego) e o prazer no desporto. O estudo envolveu 294 jogadores de futebol (153 do sexo masculino e 141 do sexo feminino) com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 19 anos (M = 14.55; DP=1.71). A Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale foi utilizada para avaliar o clima motivacional, a Sport Motivation Scale-II para avaliar a regulação comportamental e a Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale para avaliar o prazer. Foi efetuada uma análise de mediação para examinar o papel da regulação comportamental na relação entre o clima motivacional e o prazer. Os resultados indicaram que um clima motivacional de envolvimento com a tarefa está associado a níveis mais elevados de motivação autónoma (r = .681; p≤.001), que por sua vez está relacionada com um maior divertimento (r = .175; p≤.001). Por outro lado, um clima de envolvimento para o ego está associado a uma motivação não autodeterminada (r = .657; p≤.001) e a um menor prazer (r = -.357; p≤.001). A motivação autónoma mediou significativamente a relação entre o clima de envolvimento com a tarefa e o divertimento (β = .38; IC 95% = .201, .575). O estudo reforça a importância da promoção de climas motivacionais de envolvimento com a tarefa para fomentar a motivação autónoma e aumentar o prazer dos atletas. A motivação autónoma parece desempenhar um papel mediador na relação entre o clima motivacional e o prazer
Relación entre las competencias digitales y la actitud hacia la innovación curricular: el rol del aprendizaje colaborativo
Get PDFLa innovación curricular es un desafío crucial en la educación, impulsado por la integración de tecnologías digitales. Este estudio analiza el papel del aprendizaje colaborativo en la relación entre competencias digitales y actitud hacia la innovación curricular en 203 estudiantes de Magíster en Docencia para la Educación Superior de la Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile. Se emplearon instrumentos validados: la escala de competencias digitales (Organista-Sandoval et al.), el Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la Innovación Curricular (Riquelme y Folch, 2017) y la Escala Valorativa de Aprendizaje Colaborativo (Solís Castillo, 2022). Los resultados muestran que las competencias digitales tienen un impacto significativo en la colaboración académica (β=0,393; p<0,001), y esta influye en la actitud hacia la innovación curricular (β=0,381; p<0,001). La mediación completa del aprendizaje colaborativo se confirmó mediante el modelo de mediación de Hayes, reduciendo la influencia directa de las habilidades digitales. Se concluye que promover el aprendizaje colaborativo es clave para fomentar una actitud positiva hacia la innovación curricular en contextos educativos de postgrado
Consequences of COVID-19 on Iran's economy and sports industry: Analysis and improvement strategies
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on Iran's economy and sports industry and to provide solutions to compensate for these losses. The present study was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose and the method of data collection. In the first (qualitative) phase, 24 interviews were conducted with economics experts and sports economics faculty nationwide. In the second (quantitative) phase, 610 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed—both in person and online—among postgraduate sports management students across the country. The results showed that the spread of the COVID-19 virus did not have only negative effects and it also had many positive effects on the sports industry. The sports industry can have a very high capacity to adapt to the crisis of the spread of COVID-19 and similar crises. Holding classes and workshops in various sports fields and sports sciences online, paying more attention to family sports, sports at home and open spaces and in the economic sector, during the period of the COVID-19 epidemic, online sports businesses flourished and the managers of sports complexes found financial alternatives. Overall, the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the economic ones, were more significant than the positives for sports, mainly due to its sudden onset, rapid spread, and the sports industry's lack of preparedness.The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on Iran's economy and sports industry and to provide solutions to compensate for these losses. The present study was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose and the method of data collection. In the first (qualitative) phase, 24 interviews were conducted with economics experts and sports economics faculty nationwide. In the second (quantitative) phase, 610 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed—both in person and online—among postgraduate sports management students across the country. The results showed that the spread of the COVID-19 virus did not have only negative effects and it also had many positive effects on the sports industry. The sports industry can have a very high capacity to adapt to the crisis of the spread of COVID-19 and similar crises. Holding classes and workshops in various sports fields and sports sciences online, paying more attention to family sports, sports at home and open spaces and in the economic sector, during the period of the COVID-19 epidemic, online sports businesses flourished and the managers of sports complexes found financial alternatives. Overall, the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the economic ones, were more significant than the positives for sports, mainly due to its sudden onset, rapid spread, and the sports industry's lack of preparedness
The relationships between tactical formation, technical-tactical performance, and match outcome in the Ethiopian Bet King Premier League
Get PDFThis study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis using a correlational study design to find the relationships between tactical formation, technical-tactical performance, and match outcome in the Ethiopian Bet King Premier League. Out of the seasons 240 matches, 40 matches were taken using a purposive sampling technique. A conceptual model guided the study process and how the study variables relate to one another, illuminating the dynamics that affect success in competitive soccer situations. The study results showed that in the Ethiopian Bet King Premier League, formation does not correlate with either technical-tactical performances such as ball possession and shots or with match outcomes, except the interrelationship among the technical tactical performance parameters and match outcome. However, a significant difference exists among the formations only in possession percentage F (3, 76) = 3.018, p = .035. The study has the implication that investigation of key performance indicators (KPIs) in today’s soccer must go far beyond identifying advanced performance indicators that can reflect the outcome of the game. Thus, for coaching, it implies that what matters the most is not the position we give to each player and the number of players in each position; instead, the complex intricacies of players’ movement, decisions, and positional change among the players could be potential factors for winning/match outcome
Comprehensive training for young football players: Technical, physical, and psychological readiness for global competitions
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify the main factors influencing the effectiveness of training football players in adolescence to achieve high results at the international level. The study used methods of analysing scientific literature, observing training processes and competitions, and experimental approaches to assessing athletes’ physical and psychological fitness. It included 136 football players: men (n = 92; 67.65%) and women (n = 44; 32.35%). The age range was 14–22 years old and the average age 19.6. The results showed that adapting training programmes to the individual needs of athletes and considering the sociocultural context plays a key role in ensuring their competitiveness in international competitions. The analysis of technical and tactical indicators of young football players before and after the implementation of practical recommendations showed significant improvements: an increase in the number of short and medium passes forward (from 74±23 to 105±24, p<0.05) and backward (from 62±19 to 84±25, p<0.05), which indicates better ball control and pace of the game. The decrease in technical errors confirms the improvement in technical stability, while the number of long passes remained unchanged (p>0.05), probably due to their selective use. The study’s results may be helpful for coaches, sports psychologists, and sports institution managers in developing training programmes for young athletes
Técnicas de Enfermería en el proceso formativo: mirada del estudiante de Tecnología Médica
Get PDFBasic nursing techniques are not only applied by nurses but also by other professions. Objective: to explore the opinion of Medical Technology students regarding nursing techniques for their professional and disciplinary development taught in the subject "Nursing and Infections Associated with Health Care”. Methods: qualitative, descriptive and interpretive research with a phenomenological approach, the sample consisted of 12 second-year students, inclusion criteria: students curricularly up to date in the second semester of 2024, enrolled for the first time in the subject, with time availability. Data collection was through 2 focus groups, the speeches were treated using the Bardin method, which was carried out manually, as a criterion of Guba rigor, transferability is highlighted; ethical rigor criterion: Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, was approved by the scientific ethics committee of the career. Results: Three categories emerged: "Academic Representation", "Practical Dimension", and "Proposals for improvement. Conclusions: The figure of the teacher should transmit confidence and provide effective feedback when evaluating the techniques, they facilitate the understanding and approach of the subjects and contents in higher courses to students in training, in the disciplinary field it reinforces the professional role and allows the use of clinical reasoning for clinical decision making, the application of the techniques in the personal and family environment is valued, especially in situations requiring first aid. Regarding the implementation of these activities in practice laboratories, the interviewees made recommendations focused on increasing the number of assistants per laboratory, improving the physical space, evaluating the duration of the laboratory since they consider it a stressful factor to have a lot of time for it, improving the quality and quantity of technical resources and supplies.Resumen: Las técnicas básicas de enfermería no solo son aplicadas por las/los enfermeras/os sino que también por otras profesiones. Objetivo: explorar en los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica su opinión en relación a las técnicas de enfermería para su desarrollo profesional y disciplinar impartidas en la asignatura “Enfermería e Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud”. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva e interpretativa con enfoque fenomenológico, la muestra estuvo conformada por 12 estudiantes de segundo año, criterios de inclusión: estudiantes curricularmente al día en el segundo semestre del año 2024, inscritos por primera vez en la asignatura, con disponibilidad horaria. Recolección de datos fue mediante 2 grupos focales, los discursos fueron tratados mediante el método de Bardin la que se realizó en forma manual, como criterio de rigor de Guba se destaca la transferibilidad; criterio de rigor ética: Declaración de Helsinki de la Asociación Médica Mundial, fue aprobado por el comité de ética científica de la carrera. Resultados: emergieron 3 categorías: “Representación Académica”, “Dimensión Práctica”, y “Propuestas de mejora”. Conclusiones: La figura del docente debe transmitir confianza y proporcionar una retroalimentación efectiva al evaluar las técnicas, las mismas facilitan la comprensión y el abordaje de las materias y contenidos en cursos superiores a los estudiantes en formación, en el ámbito disciplinar refuerza el rol profesional y permite utilizar el razonamiento clínico para la toma de decisiones clínicas, se valora la aplicación de las técnicas en el entorno personal y familiar, especialmente en situaciones que requieran primeros auxilios. Respecto a la implementación de estas actividades en laboratorios de práctica, los entrevistados hicieron recomendaciones enfocadas a aumentar el número de ayudantes por laboratorio, mejorar el espacio físico, evaluar duración del laboratorio ya que consideran como factor estresante disponer de mucho tiempo para ello, mejorar en calidad y cantidad recursos técnicos e insum
Evaluación del potencial del juguete como elemento de concienciación y promoción de valores sociales y cívicos en la infancia: el caso del Proyecto Childtizens II
Get PDFGames and toys are valuable educational tools. The CHILDTIZENS Project, co-financed by IVACE and the European Union, is focused on the educational value of games and toys to facilitate awareness and promotion of civic values in childhood. The process includes five phases: the definition of key dimensions that could be promoted through play, the development of assessment and identification tools for the awareness-raising value of play and toys (with the collaboration of 60 experts), their validation with an international study with 1.028 people in 6 European countries, the transfer of the tools and the evaluation of the impact with a study with 370 Spanish families with children between 0 and 9 years old. Four key dimensions for the development of civic values through play were conceptualized: sustainability, gender equality, accessibility, and multiculturalism. In order to recognize the games and toys that can contribute to children’s development, four evaluation scales and four identifying icons were developed. The results indicate that the social perception of the usefulness of the system created is positive (94% of participants). The system makes it possible to identify the awareness-raising potential of games and toys and can be used by the toy industry and civil society. This contributes to adding synergies which lead towards participatory child citizenship, in line with the postulates of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals.El juego es una herramienta didáctica de gran valor. Atendiendo a esta premisa, el Proyecto CHILDTIZENS II, cofinanciado por el Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial de la Generalitat Valenciana y la Unión Europea mediante el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, parte del juego para favorecer la concienciación y promoción de valores cívicos en la infancia. El proceso contempla cinco fases: la definición de dimensiones clave susceptibles de ser trabajadas a partir del juego, el desarrollo de herramientas de evaluación e identificación del valor de concienciación del juego y del juguete (con la colaboración de 60 expertos), su validación con un estudio internacional con 1.028 personas en 6 países europeos, la transferencia de las herramientas y la evaluación del impacto con un estudio a 370 familias españolas con hijos/as entre 0 y 9 años. Se han conceptualizado cuatro dimensiones clave para el desarrollo de los valores cívicos a través del juego: sostenibilidad, igualdad de género, accesibilidad y multiculturalidad. Para reconocer los juegos y juguetes que pueden contribuir a su desarrollo se han confeccionado cuatro escalas de evaluación y cuatro iconos identificativos. Los resultados señalan que la percepción social sobre la utilidad del sistema creado es positiva (94% de participantes). El sistema permite identificar el potencial de concienciación de los juegos y juguetes, pudiendo utilizarse por la industria juguetera y por la sociedad civil. Esto contribuye a sumar sinergias para avanzar hacia una ciudadanía infantil participativa, en línea con los postulados de la Agenda 2030 y los ODS.
Los origenes y los motivos de la emigración China a México desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la década de 1940
Get PDFThe objective of this article is to study the emigration of Chinese individuals to Mexico from the late 19th century to the 1940s. It addresses the quantification of the emigrants, their geographic origin, the reasons for emigrating, as well as the factors that led them to choose Mexico as their destination country. It is proposed that Mexico began receiving Chinese immigrants starting from 1840; the majority of these immigrants originated from the Guangdong and Fujian provinces. The motives that propelled the Chinese to emigrate were influenced by both economic and social factors, existing in China as well as in Mexico.Objetivo de este artículo es el estudio de la emigración de china a México desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la década de 1940. Se aborda la cuantificación de los emigrantes, su origen geográfico, los motivos para emigrar, así como los que los llevaron a elegir a México como país de destino. Se propone que México inició la recepción de los inmigrantes chinos a partir de 1840; la mayoría de los inmigrantes chinos eran originarios de las provincias Guangdong y Fujian y los motivos que impulsaron a los chinos a emigrar fueron factores económicos y sociales ya en China, ya en Méxic
Una aproximación a la responsabilidad civil por daños derivados de la contención farmacológica y mecánica de personas mayores institucionalizadas.
Get PDFThe containment of people, in its most restrictive forms, is an issue of concern due to the importance of the rights it may affect. This work attempts to make a first approach to civil liability for damages derived from the use or omission of mechanical and pharmacological restraint measures on elderly people institutionalized in residences, with special reference to private residences. A series of considerations are made regarding civil liability for damages in this area and it is questioned whether the principles and doctrine of health civil liability are applicable to these cases. To this end, some questions are posed, some answers are attempted, and others are left open for future study.La contención de personas, en sus formas más restrictivas, es un tema que preocupa debido a la transcendencia de los derechos a los que puede afectar. En este trabajo se trata de hacer una primera aproximación a la responsabilidad civil por daños derivados del uso u omisión de las medidas de contención mecánica y farmacológica sobre personas mayores institucionalizadas en residencias, con especial referencia a las residencias privadas. Se realizan una serie de consideraciones en torno a la responsabilidad civil por daños en este ámbito y se cuestiona si los principios y la doctrina de la responsabilidad civil sanitaria son aplicables a estos supuestos. A tal fin, se plantean algunas preguntas, se intentan algunas respuestas y otras se dejan abiertas a un futuro estudio