Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Murcia
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Acoso y Ciberacoso: Impacto diferencial en la salud mental y el desarrollo identitario de personas LGBA
Get PDF LGBTAphobic bullying (B) and cyberbullying (CB) constitute an internationally recognized problem in schools; however, little attention has been paid to the experiences and outcomes of some sexual minority group such as asexual people. This study aims to explore the prevalence of B and CB and their differential impact on lesbian, gay, bisexual and asexual people. It also aims to analyze the differences depending on the time in which it occurs: past or present. The sample is composed of 1,215 LGBA people (48% bullied/cyberbullied) living in Spain (age 17-69, M= 28.22). A self-report survey was used to measure bullying or cyberbullying, health and well-being (anxiety, depression, life satisfaction and self-esteem), and identity development (uncertainty and acceptance). The results confirm the occurrence of traditional bullying (27%), cyberbullying (8%) or their co-occurrence (13%) among the LGBA population and their significant relationship with health problems and identity development. More cases have been found am LGBTAphobic bullying (B) and cyberbullying (CB) constitute an internationally recognized problem in schools; however, little attention has been paid to the experiences and outcomes of some sexual minority group such as asexual people. This study aims to explore the prevalence of B and CB and their differential impact on lesbian, gay, bisexual and asexual people. It also aims to analyze the differences depending on the time in which it occurs: past or present. The sample is composed of 1,215 LGBA people (48% bullied/cyberbullied) living in Spain (age 17-69, M= 28.22). A self-report survey was used to measure bullying or cyberbullying, health and well-being (anxiety, depression, life satisfaction and self-esteem), and identity development (uncertainty and acceptance). The results confirm the occurrence of traditional bullying (27%), cyberbullying (8%) or their co-occurrence (13%) among the LGBA population and their significant relationship with health problems and identity development. More cases have been found among gays and asexuals, although bisexual and asexual identities have significantly greater anxiety and depression levels, including difficulties of satisfaction, self-esteem and identity acceptance. It has also been found that the immediate effects of LGTBAphobia are stronger, but that such LGTBAphobia can also have long-term consequences. These findings confirm that intervention strategies must consider the coexistence of traditional bullying and cyberbullying, as well as including the whole spectrum of identities covered by the LGTBIQA+ umbrella in programs that seek to promote respect for sexual diversity.El acoso (AT) y el ciberacoso (CA) LGTBAfóbico constituyen una problemática internacionalmente reconocida en las escuelas, aunque poca atención se ha prestado a las experiencias y resultados de colectivos minoritarios como las personas asexuales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo estudiar la prevalencia del AT y el CA y su impacto diferencial en lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y asexuales. Incluso, analizar las diferencias en función del momento temporal en el que ocurre: pasado o presente. La muestra está compuesta por 1215 personas LGBA (48% acosadas y/o ciberacosadas) residentes en España (edad 17-69, M= 28.22). Se utilizó una encuesta auto-informativa para medir el acoso y/o el ciberacoso, la salud y el bienestar (ansiedad, depresión, satisfacción vital y autoestima) y el desarrollo identitario (incertidumbre y aceptación). Los resultados confirman la presencia del acoso tradicional (27%), el ciberacoso (8%) o su aparición conjunta (13%) entre la población LGBA y su significativa relación con problemas de salud y desarrollo identitario. Se han encontrado más casos entre gais y asexuales, aunque son las identidades bisexuales y asexuales las que significativamente tienen mayor ansiedad y depresión, incluso, dificultades de satisfacción, autoestima y aceptación identitaria. Se constata, además, que son más fuertes los efectos inmediatos de la LGTBfobia, pero que la misma puede dejar secuelas a largo plazo. Estos hallazgos permiten confirmar que las estrategias de intervención han de contemplar la coexistencia del acoso tradicional y el ciberacoso, así como incluir todo el espectro de identidades que abarca el paraguas LGTBIQA+ en los programas que tratan de promover el respeto a la diversidad sexual
Caracterizando la implementación del Grand Round como estrategia de formación del Personal de Tecnología Médica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Get PDFThe Grand Round is a strategy used in medical education based on the presentation of clinical cases that promotes the learning of practical and professional skills. The School of Medical Technology at the aforementioned university implemented a virtual mode of Grand Round during the pandemic to enable students to develop clinical reasoning, communication skills, and the ability to integrate knowledge. The objective of this article is to characterize the implementation of their strategy in the ophthalmology and bioanalysis specialties. Student interactions observed in the classes are analyzed using a phenomenological approach and a study designed on the basis of an intrinsic case study. The results suggest two main dimensions: first, the involvement of the students, and second, the mediation of the teachers. In conclusion, the Grand Round is an opportunity for active and meaningful learning that requires ensuring conditions for the best interaction of students and to enhance their positive attitude.El Grand Round es una estrategia utilizada en la formación médica basada en la presentación de casos clínicos del área de la salud que favorece el aprendizaje de competencias prácticas y profesionales. La Escuela de Tecnología Médica de la universidad estudiada instauró una modalidad virtual de Grand Round durante la pandemia con el fin de que el estudiantado desarrollara competencias de razonamiento clínico, habilidades comunicacionales y capacidad de integrar los conocimientos. El objetivo del artículo es caracterizar el modo de implementación de la estrategia en las especialidades de oftalmología y bioanálisis. Para esto, mediante un enfoque fenomenológico y un diseño basado en un estudio de casos de tipo intrínseco, se analizan las interacciones de los y las estudiantes observadas en las clases. Los resultados sugieren dos dimensiones principales, primero, la implicación del estudiantado y segundo, la mediación del cuerpo docente. Se concluye que el Grand Round es una oportunidad para el aprendizaje activo y significativo. Existe el anhelo y desafío por aumentar la interacción de los y las estudiantes y comprender sus actitudes
A igualdade de género como competência transversal no ensino universitário pós-graduado: Análise e experiências
No full textThis article aims to highlight the need to work on gender equality in postgraduate university teaching. To do this, it is based on a conception of the university as a collaborative learning space from which transversal skills are key to the training of students, both due to their ethical, social and political dimensions and placing emphasis on the level of specialization that the postgraduate degree entails. From here, gender equality is considered an essential training space today, even more so in the field of future education professionals and from that competency dimension. Subsequently, two specific experiences are presented and analyzed that develop the foundation in two Master's subjects, as well as the assessment of said experiences and a series of conclusions derived from them.Este artículo pretende poner en valor la necesidad de trabajar la igualdad de género en la docencia universitaria de posgrado. Para ello, parte de una concepción de la universidad como espacio de aprendizaje colaborativo desde donde las competencias transversales son claves para la formación del alumnado, tanto por su dimensión ética como social y política y poniendo énfasis en el nivel de especialización que supone el posgrado. Desde aquí la igualdad de género es considerada como un espacio formativo imprescindible actualmente, más si cabe en el ámbito de futuros profesionales de la educación y desde esa dimensión competencial. Posteriormente se exponen y analizan dos experiencias concretas que desarrollan la fundamentación en dos asignaturas de Másters, así como la valoración de dichas experiencias y una serie de conclusiones derivadas de las mismas.Questo articolo si propone di evidenziare la necessità di lavorare sulla parità di genere nella didattica universitaria post-laurea. Per fare ciò, si basa su una concezione dell’università come spazio di apprendimento collaborativo in cui le competenze trasversali sono fondamentali per la formazione degli studenti, sia per la loro dimensione etica, sociale e politica, sia ponendo l’accento sul livello di specializzazione che le comporta il diploma post-laurea. Per questo motivo, l’uguaglianza di genere è considerata oggi uno spazio formativo essenziale, a maggior ragione nel campo dei futuri professionisti dell’educazione e da quella dimensione di competenza. Successivamente vengono presentate e analizzate due esperienze specifiche che sviluppano i fondamenti in due materie del Master, nonché la valutazione di dette esperienze e una serie di conclusioni da esse derivate.Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar a necessidade de trabalhar a igualdade de género no ensino universitário pós-graduado. Para isso, assenta numa conceção da universidade como um espaço de aprendizagem colaborativa a partir do qual as competências transversais são fundamentais para a formação dos alunos, tanto pelas suas dimensões éticas, sociais e políticas, como pela ênfase no nível de especialização que o pós-graduação implica. A partir daqui, a igualdade de género é hoje considerada um espaço de formação essencial, ainda mais no domínio dos futuros profissionais da educação e desta dimensão de competência. Posteriormente, são apresentadas e analisadas duas experiências específicas que desenvolvem a fundamentação em duas disciplinas de mestrado, bem como a avaliação dessas experiências e uma série de conclusões delas derivadas
Rendimento e género no México: Um estudo de eficiência realizado pela Entidade Federal
No full textThis article aims to show that beyond a wage gap, there are wide inequalities in income between men and women in the federal entities of Mexico, according to the time that each gender dedicates to work (paid work and unpaid domestic work). The methodology used is a data envelopment analysis model (DEA) to determine the income efficiency of each gender based on the weekly hours of time they dedicate to paid and unpaid work. As part of the results, it was possible to generally identify that women continue systematically receiving lower income in our country, with entities that present significant lags in relation to national advances, and in order to achieve efficiency in their income, women would need to reduce 5.66 hours of time spent daily doing unpaid household work.Este artículo pretende evidenciar que más allá de una brecha salarial, existen amplias desigualdades en el ingreso entre hombres y mujeres en las entidades federativas de México, de acuerdo con el tiempo que cada uno destina al trabajo (remunerado y doméstico no remunerado). La metodología empleada es un modelo de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), para determinar la eficiencia del ingreso de cada género en función de las horas de tiempo semanales que dedican al trabajo remunerado y al no remunerado. Como parte de los resultados, se pudo identificar de manera general que las mujeres siguen percibiendo sistemáticamente menor ingreso en nuestro país, con entidades que presentan rezagos importantes con relación a los avances nacionales, y para alcanzar la eficiencia en su ingreso, ellas necesitarían reducir en promedio 5.66 horas al tiempo que destinan diariamente a realizar el trabajo no remunerado de los hogares.Questo articolo si propone di mostrare che, al di là del divario salariale, esistono ampie disuguaglianze di reddito tra uomini e donne negli enti federali del Messico, a seconda del tempo che ciascuno dedica al lavoro (lavoro domestico retribuito e non retribuito). La metodologia utilizzata è un modello di analisi dell'avvolgimento dei dati (DEA) per determinare l'efficienza del reddito di ciascun genere in base alle ore settimanali di tempo dedicate al lavoro retribuito e non retribuito. Come parte dei risultati, è stato possibile identificare in generale che le donne continuano a ricevere sistematicamente un reddito più basso nel nostro paese, con entità che presentano ritardi significativi rispetto ai progressi nazionali, e per raggiungere l’efficienza nel loro reddito, avrebbero bisogno di ridurre la media 5,66 ore di tempo trascorse quotidianamente svolgendo lavori domestici non retribuiti.Este artigo pretende mostrar que, para além da disparidade salarial, existem grandes desigualdades de rendimentos entre homens e mulheres nas entidades federais do México, de acordo com o tempo que cada um dedica ao trabalho (trabalho doméstico remunerado e não remunerado). A metodologia utilizada é um modelo de análise envoltória de dados (DEA) para determinar a eficiência de rendimento de cada género com base nas horas semanais que dedicam ao trabalho remunerado e não remunerado. Como parte dos resultados foi possível identificar de forma geral que as mulheres continuam a receber sistematicamente menores rendimentos no nosso país, com entidades que apresentam desfasamentos significativos em relação aos avanços nacionais, e para alcançar eficiência nos seus rendimentos, necessitariam de reduzir a média 5,66 horas de tempo despendido diariamente em trabalhos domésticos não remunerados
El impacto del CEO fundador y la edad del CEO en el rendimiento de las nuevas empresas: un análisis de regresión cuantílica de las OPI estadounidenses: The impact of CEO founder and CEO age on new ventures performance: A quantile regression analysis for U.S. IPOs
No full textUsing quantile regression, we compare the relationship between CEO founder and CEO age and the performance of new firms in the US. Our empirical evidence shows that issuers led by a CEO founder have a strong positive impact on first-day returns, especially at the intermediate level of underpricing, while underpricing declines as CEO age increases, especially above the 40th percentile, which would not be confirmed by a classical linear regression. This finding suggests that estimating the different quantile effects of a response variable may be more informative than estimating only the average effect of the response variable. In addition, CEO founders exacerbate uncertainty about issuer quality with firm expansion; and in large firms, mature CEOs perform better than young ones in reducing the first trading day return; the mature CEO has a strong negative impact on initial returns only in low-R\&D firms, and the CEO founder has a significant positive association with underpricing in R\&D-intensive firms.Comparamos la relación entre el CEO fundador y la edad del CEO con los resultados de las nuevas empresas en EE. UU., aplicando una regresión cuantil. Nuestra evidencia empírica revela que las empresas lideradas por un CEO fundador tienen un fuerte impacto positivo en los rendimientos del primer día, especialmente en el nivel medio de infravaloración; mientras que la infravaloración se reduce a medida que aumenta la edad del CEO, especialmente por encima del percentil 40, algo que la regresión lineal clásica dejaría sin confirmar. Este hallazgo indica que, en comparación con la estimación del efecto medio de la variable de respuesta, la estimación del efecto de los distintos cuantiles de una variable de respuesta puede ser más perspicaz. Además, los consejeros delegados fundadores exacerban la incertidumbre sobre la calidad de los emisores con la expansión de las empresas; y en las grandes empresas, los consejeros delegados maduros obtienen mejores resultados que los jóvenes a la hora de reducir la rentabilidad del primer día de cotización. El consejero delegado maduro tiene un fuerte impacto negativo en la rentabilidad inicial solo en las empresas de baja intensidad de I+D, y el consejero delegado fundador tiene una asociación positiva significativa con la infravaloración en las empresas de intensidad de I+D
ECHEVERRÍA, Javier (2023). Leibniz, el archifilósofo, Madrid: Plaza y Valdés.
No full textReseña de ECHEVERRÍA, Javier (2023). Leibniz, el archifilósofo, Madrid: Plaza y Valdés, 381 pp
Itinerarios del arte contemporáneo en la ciudad. Affinità. Cinque artisti per San Gimignano
Get PDFThe relationship between art and the city in Italy is a rich and complex subject, deeply embedded in history and culture. This connection has recently driven the transformation of urban public spaces into venues for contemporary art, fostering a sense of community and encouraging critical reflection on the city. In this context, Giuliano Briganti and Luisa Laureati initiated Affinità. Cinque artisti a San Gimignano starting in 1991: an exhibition of contemporary sculptures by Italian artists associated with Arte Povera, strategically placed throughout the public spaces of the historic center of San Gimignano, Italy. Inspired by the principles of contextual art as outlined by Paul Ardenne and Henry Lefebvre, the exhibition aimed to initiate a dialogue exploring the aesthetic affinities between the city’s medieval past and its present. Through contemporary “infiltrations,” the project continues to revitalize public space, creating an immersive and dynamic experience.El connubio entre arte y ciudad en Italia es un tema rico y complejo, arraigado en la historia y la cultura, que ha conducido a la reciente transformación de los espacios públicos urbanos en laboratorios de arte contemporáneo, promoviendo un sentimiento de pertenencia y una reflexión crítica sobre la ciudad. En este contexto, Giuliano Briganti y Luisa Laureati comisionaron Affinità. Cinque artisti a San Gimignano a partir de 1991: una galería de esculturas contemporáneas realizadas por artista italianos representantes del Arte Povera, diseminadas en los espacios públicos del centro histórico de San Gimignano (Italia). Siguiendo las pautas del arte contextual, teorizado por Paul Ardenne, el objetivo de la muestra era instaurar un diálogo sobre la fase de afinidades estéticas entre el pasado medieval de la ciudad y el presente, a partir de “infiltraciones” contemporáneas que, aún hoy en día, revitalizan el espacio público, creando una experiencia activa
La impugnación de los ERTE´s y la posición procesal de los trabajadores
Get PDFThe purpose of this essay is to offer an approach to the actions of the Labour Authority in order to control the legality of adjustment plans on temporary suspension of working hours or employment, as well as the changing procedural position of the co-defendant workers.El presente ensayo tiene por finalidad ofrecer una aproximación a la actuación de la Autoridad Laboral para controlar la legalidad de las decisiones empresariales sobre suspensión temporal de jornada o de empleo de sus trabajadores, así como la cambiante posición procesal de los trabajadores codemandados
Models and references that influence gender stereotypes in STEM: a case study in Spain
Get PDFThe science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) sector is an academic and professional field with high gender disparity figures despite being a field with a low unemployment rate. The “Questionnaire with University Students on STEM Studies in Higher Education” (QSTEMHE) was designed to determine the opinion of the Spanish university population on all branches of knowledge about gender stereotypes in STEM studies. This validated instrument was applied to a university sample of 2101 people from different Spanish universities. A quantitative methodology and the non-experimental ex-post-facto method were used, employing a simple random sampling technique. This study aims to analyse the relationship established between the models and references that university students have had and their manifestation of gender stereotypes on the ability to perform in STEM higher education studies. Among the main results, gender stereotypes about STEM degrees persist, considering them masculinised and male-oriented. Furthermore, the study confirms that models and references taken into account when choosing higher education studies impact the perception of men and women regarding stereotypes in STEM.The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) sector is an academic and professional field with high gender disparity figures despite being a field with a low unemployment rate. The “Questionnaire with University Students on STEM Studies in Higher Education” (QSTEMHE) was designed to determine the opinion of the Spanish university population on all branches of knowledge about gender stereotypes in STEM studies. This validated instrument was applied to a university sample of 2101 people from different Spanish universities. A quantitative methodology and the non-experimental ex-post-facto method were used, employing a simple random sampling technique. This study aims to analyse the relationship established between the models and references that university students have had and their manifestation of gender stereotypes on the ability to perform in STEM higher education studies. Among the main results, gender stereotypes about STEM degrees persist, considering them masculinised and male-oriented. Furthermore, the study confirms that models and references taken into account when choosing higher education studies impact the perception of men and women regarding stereotypes in STEM
Hand grip strength in dentists: A comprehensive evaluation of head position, dominance, age, and sex
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify the effect of different head positions on hand grip strength (HGS) on account of hand dominance, age, and sex in dentists. A total of 197 dental students (DS) and practitioners (DP) (81 females and 50 males were DS, 10 females and 14 males were (DP) aged 19-63 participated. HGS was measured using a dynamometer, and the head angle was determined with an inclinometer. HGS on both sides was greatest in NHP & displayed least strength in HEP. There was a significant difference in HGS measured in NHP, HFP, and HEP (p < 0.05) for the dominant hand, while the non-dominant hand showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) for female DS. A significant difference was recorded between dominant and non-dominant HGS in each head position (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found between female and male DP HGS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.05), particularly at HFP and HEP. There was a significant difference noted between female DS and DP HGS, however, HGS for both dominant and non-dominant hands in DP was higher than DS in HEP (p < 0.05), while no significant difference noted for HFP and NHP. Females had the strongest grip in NHP, while males in HFP. HGS influenced by age; DP had stronger grip than DS. In a comparison between male and female DP and DS, males had stronger grip than females across all positions. Hand dominance significantly influences HGS, with the dominant having a stronger hand grip