International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials (IJIMEAM)
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NiO ELECTRO-DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE OF γ-Al2O3 WASHCOAT ON FeCrAl SUBSTRATE BY USING SULPHAMATE TYPE SOLUTION
Get PDFElectro-deposition process to develop surface layer on the substrate material in Catalytic converter (CATCO) become interesting area due to that process was purposed to improve the physical properties of substrate material. Currently, precious metals such as Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), and Rodium (Rd) were used due to excellent oxidation resistant but it limited and easily oxidized. Therefore, Nickel Oxide (NiO) catalyst used as electro-deposition material. NiO electro-deposition technique that called by EL was conducted by using NiO as cathode and FeCrAl as substrate and -Al2O3 as washcoat material. This technique was performed by variation times of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes, current density of 8 A/dm2. The results shows that Coating layer of NiO and -Al2O3 has been developed on surface of FeCrAl substrate. The coating layer was increase the surface roughness which showed by surface morphology data that coated FeCrAl substrate has uneven surface and some particles has been embedded on that surface. The composition of raw material was consists of Fe for 74.13wt%, Cr of 20.25 wt% and Al of 5.62 wt%. Meanwhile, for composition of EL samples was 52.56- 63.54wt% for Fe element, Al for 3.56-11.89 wt%, Cr for 14.97-18.56 wt%, O for 2.47-11.78 wt%, C for 8.33-11.85 wt%, Na for 0.11-0.48 wt% and Ni for 0.17- 1.58 wt%. Higher elements of the EL samples potential to improve the thermal stability at high temperature due to CATCO operate at high temperature of 600-8500C and in extreme condition
CFD SIMULATION FOR AIRSPEED AND TURBULENCE VALIDATION IN MAIN DUCTING OF OFFICE BUILDING
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the calculation of sizing ducting based on cooling load requirements the main ducting of office building following regulation airspeed requirements using American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The purpose of this research is to validate the airspeed and turbulence that occurs in the main ducting between manual calculations and CFD simulations. From the calculation, the cooling load requirement is 58.22 kW, for the cooling process an air flowrate of 7117 L/s is needed which is designed to pass through the main ducting in rectangular shape. The main ducting size uses 1200 mm x 500 mm at a speed of 12.7 m/s according to ASHRAE. Autodesk Inventor software is used for ducting modeling and Autodesk CFD is used for airflow simulation. CFD simulations are performed by applying boundary conditions and input parameters. The results showed that the velocity of the ducting design was suitable at 12.7 m/s with laminar flow. The ducting geometry must be designed aerodynamically to reduce the pressure drop which can cause the speed to increase so that it is outside the required limits. Thus, the CFD simulation results have verified the validity of manual calculations
WATERMELON PEEL EXTRACT AS GREEN CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR ST-37 CARBON STEEL IN SEAWATER
Get PDFCorrosion engineering has taken great interest in many industries that required high cost management to overcome the serious problems. This work has investigated the role of watermelon peel extract as green inhibitor to protect carbon steel in seawater. This investigation has studied the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency applying weight loss method. The laboratory result shows the optimum inhibition efficiency found to be 71.64% at 5% inhibitor concentration in 100 ml seawater at room temperature. The effects of temperature and immersion time on inhibition efficiency have also been examined. This study has used Arrhenius equation based on activation energy to determine type of adsorption encountered with corrosion process. The result shows a chemical adsorption justified by its high adsorption heat and strengthened by FTIR and UV-Vis examinations. The phytochemical examination of watermelon peel extract gives positive response to flavonoid, alkaloid, and saponin. The finding is useful for many industries encountered with carbon steel corrosion in corrosive medium using green inhibitor.
PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGICAL OF MORTAR CONTAINING USED ENGINE OIL
Get PDFEngine oil has an important role in the design and operation of all automotive engines. Used engine oil is a waste product produced in high quantity in the workshop garage which commonly found in most cities in Indonesia. The utilization of used engine oil has shown potential as retarder by reduce the setting time of mortar. In this study mortar was made by mixing cement,light aggregate, water, and engine oil both new and used as admixture ranged 0-1%. Mortar sample treatment is carried out at room temperature. The samples were tested for setting time and compressive strength after 3, 7 and 28 days curing. Scanning Electron Microscope characterization was carried out to to find out the morphological structure of resulting mortar. Results shown that the mortar with the addition of 0.75% used engine oil has the highest compressive test result of 9.31 MPa when the mortar reached 28 days compared to mortar without engine oil addition has a compressive test result of 7.546 MPa. SEM Images shown there are more ettringite presents in mortar with used engine oil addition
THE MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIAL RISK OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION AT GAS STASION IN TO ANTICIPATE NON-MILITARY THREATS
Get PDFGas stations (SPBU in Indonesia) have the potency for fire and explosion hazards due to the storage and distribution of flammable liquids, one of which is Pertamax. This can be a non-military threat in the dimension of public safety because if it occurs, the resulting loss could be very large in terms of material or life. This study aims to determine the risk of fire and explosion at Indonesian gas station. This study uses Dow's Fire and Explosion Index in asimulated case method. The potential for fire and explosion or the value of the Fire Explosion Index (F&EI) in the simulated case is 111,24. The actual exposure radius is 29.62 m and the damage factor to the Pertamax storage tank is 63%. The results of the study have a risk level that is classified as Intermediate, so it is necessary to control risks such as increasing active protection and is expected to be an input in efforts to safeguard against non-military threats so as to reduce the impact of risks and losses that occur in the Pertamax storage tank
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF SCREW COMPRESSOR AND ITS MODIFICATIONS
Get PDFScrew compressor is one of critical equipment at many industries. Therefore, its reliability and performance shall be maintained. One problem that often arises with screw compressors is the lubrication system. This study investigates the cause of the screw compressor failure and its modification to prevent failure in the future. The failure analysis of the screw compressor was successfully conducted using the fishbone analysis diagram and visual examination. The presence of water in the oil was found due to a change of oil color. The water content analysis showed that 6% of water was found in the oil in the third month. Indeed, the presence of water has a detrimental effect on the screw compressor part, showing that corrosion has occurred in the inner part of the screw ompressor element. We found the water source comes from the air due to high humidity. Therefore, modification in the air supply is needed to prevent water contamination in the oil. The air supply modification is done using dry air at the screw compressor outlet, flowing into the breather system. The modification results showed that the oil's water content decreased significantly from 6% to 0.0035%. In addition, the vibration that occurs decreases from 80 dB to 58 dB. This shows the effectiveness of the modification process to extend the life of the tool and maintain the plant's operational continuity
ENERGY AND COSTS SAVING AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM OF SHOPPING MALL BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY IN JAKARTA
Get PDFThe air conditioning system for the Mall A building in Jakarta uses a central air conditioning system with a constant flow chiller with TES (Thermal Energy Storage). This system will be verified by measuring data regarding cooling load of the Mall A. The peak cooling load measurement results is 12,299 kW with a total cooling load of 45,733,180 kWh for 1 year. The result of the measurement data will be compared to cooling load calculation by Trace 700 software. Based on Trace 700 software, the peak cooling load is 12,594 kW with a total cooling load of 44,617,405 kWh. Furthermore, using the actual measurement data of the air conditioning system in Mall A, it will be compared with a central air conditioning system with a magnetic bearing chiller which will be equipped with VSD (Variable Speed Drive) to find out how well its energy performance and costs are for a mall building similar to Mall A, as a potential for energy and cost savings. The results of energy calculations and cost analysis, the central air conditioning system with the magnetic bearing chiller is 99 kWh/(m2.year) and the life cycle costs for 20 years, 30 years, and 50 years are 339,828,248,242 IDR, 415,994,136,400 IDR, 521,915,598,761 IDR. While the results of energy calculations and cost analysis, the TES combination constant flow chiller central air conditioning system is 141 kWh/(m2.year) and the life cycle costs for 20 years, 30 years, and 50 years are 435,150,140,059 IDR, 541,700,386,487 IDR, 690,535,151,478 IDR. Based on the foregoing, the central air conditioning system with variable flow magnetic bearing chiller is a better system than the central air conditioning system with TES combination constant flow chiller for shopping mall buildings similar to Mall A
A BRIEF REVIEW ON CRYOGUN MACHINE FOR PRE-CERVICAL CANCER HEALING
Get PDFCervical cancer is generally found in women of all ages due to virus infection on epithelial cells of female cervix. It is known that a certain type of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is suspected to cause cervix cancer in women from various ethnics. Several therapies have been used to cure cancer diseases like cone biopsy, laser treatment, electrosurgical excision, thermocoagulation, ablation therapy, and cryotherapy. This paper has highlighted on the role of cryogun machine applied in cryotherapy for pre-cervical cancer treatment in relation to freezing technique using liquid nitrogen to kill cancer cells on infectious area.
FLOW FIELD PLATE DESIGN ANALYSIS WITH CROSS-SECTION WAVE RECTANGULAR SERPENTINE USING 3D FLOW SIMULATION ON PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
Get PDFThe availability of petroleum which continues to decrease and the level of public consumption which is always increasing are serious problems today. Renewable energy needs to be researched on an ongoing basis to anticipate the availability problems above. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an environmentally friendly source of electrical energy because it only requires hydrogen and oxygen as raw materials and water as a result of the reaction. This study will discuss the PEMFC flow field plate because this component dominates the weight and cost of manufacture. Research on flow field plate PEMFC with wave rectangular cross-section is necessary to develop the PEMFC concept with better performance results. This study aims to determine the effect of the wavy cross-section shape on the distribution of channel average speed, channel outlet speed, inlet pressure, channel average pressure, and channel outlet pressure. This study uses a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method using SolidWorks flow simulation software. This study provides an overview of the serpentine type of flow field plate with a wave rectangular and rectangular cross-section. The wave rectangular cross-section has a higher average velocity, outlet velocity, inlet pressure, and pressure than the rectangular cross-section. This is what will make PEMFC performance higher. The wave rectangular cross-section has nearly the same number of outlet pressures as the rectangular cross-section. Possible development of this research is the creation of simulation software to calculate other parameters that affect PEMFC performance
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