Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
Not a member yet
907 research outputs found
Sort by
Mineralogy and Micromorphology Characteristic of Vertisol Lying on Limestone Parent Rocks at Jeneponto District of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Get PDFThe objective of this is paper is to determine the mineralogy and micromorphology characteristics of vertisol in the limestone parent rock at Jeneponto district of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The pedons represent deposits of volcanoes basalt. The study consisted of field and laboratory research. Field research comprises of soil profile descriptions and soil sampling, while laboratory analysis consists of clay minerals analysis using X-rays, as well as sand and rock mineral. Micromorphology analysis undisturbed soil samples were taken from identifiable horizon for thin section preparation. X-ray analysis revealed that clay minerals of the vertisol mainly consists of montmorillonite group. While the mineral composition of parent rock (limestone) generally consists of foraminifera fossil, calcite, dolomite, clay minerals, orthoclase, opaque minerals and quartz. The mineralogy of sand fraction generally consists of easily weathered minerals like pyroxene, feldspar, hornblende, plagioclase, biotite and hard weathered mineral (quartz and opaque). Soil micromorphology analysis revealed that raw material, in general is dominated by coarse material which is consist of quartz mineral mixed with other minerals such as pyroxene and plagioclase. On the other hand, organic coarse-sized components are not found and the microstructure of the soil is generally in the loose form (massive), and the type of soil pore vary from vugh to channels pore
Climate Change Adaptation in the Perspectives of Food, Energy Crisis and Environmental Degradation for Food Sovereignty in Indonesia
Get PDFThe influential factors that have been identified to influence the food crisis energy as well as climate changes are population growth, economic growth, and social conditions. Local food development and food industrialization movement is the approach to overcome food and energy crisis as well as to reduce the GHG emissions. Promoting food industrialization for food sovereignty is a strategic effort for the vulnerability in agricultural sector. Climate change due to the greenhouse effect is caused by the consumption of fossil fuel that continues to rise due to the increased use of vehicles and electrical energy driven by fuel and electricity price subsidies. Fossil fuel subsidy amounting to 19 % of total government spending was mostly or about 84 percent of total subsidies enjoyed by 40 % of high level income of fossil fuel consumers. Approximately 10 % of richest fuel consumers consumed nearly 40 percent of the total subsidized fuel. In contrast, less than 1 %t of the total subsidized fuel used by the poor. There was about 30 % of the fuel consumed is not efficient because of congestion on roads due to the increasing number of vehicles, damaged roads, and urbanization. In addition, the use of energy subsidy inhibits the programs of alternative energy diversification and the investment for renewable energy. Fossil fuel subsidies should be removed and transferred to food subsidy to encourage the increase of local food production that supports diversification and food sovereignty
The Poverty Reality of Coastal and Agriculture: How Severe the Seaweed Farmers and Cocoa Smallholders Are?
Get PDFThis paper examines rural coastal-agricultural poverty by extracting and comparing poverty causal of seaweed farmer and cocoa smallholder households as a long standing issue in developing countries. The research employed (1) Foster-Greer-Torbecke (FGT) poverty indices for describing poverty situation, (2) Regression Analysis for extracting effects of explanatory variables on Poverty, and (3) Paired-Samples T Test to evaluate income differences. Some important findings are; (1) the degree of poverty between Seaweed Farmers and Cocoa Smallholders is significantly different, meaning they have a differentiation in income structure indicating the causes of poverty are different. FGT indices reveal that the depth of poverty in seaweed farmers household is, however, severer than cocoa smallholders. In broad sense, this leads to argue that rural coastal poverty is truly severer than rural agriculture poverty; (2) the orientation of coffee, cashew-nut and livestock productions in agricultural economic activity is strong and directly associated with the poverty of cocoa smallholders. Meanwhile, the orientation of seaweed production in economic activity is strong and directly associated with the poverty of seaweed farmers. These imply that, encouraging coffee, cashew-nut and livestock productions for cocoa smallholders and seaweed production for seaweed farmers by improving access to primary input/seeds in particular (for local government policy), can be strongly expected to reduce poverty directly; (3) there are also common factors responsible for the poverty that requiring general policy options (national government). The options are expanding cultivated land area for cocoa smallholders and stretching length area for seaweed farmers, providing transfer-source income, and stepping up agriculture/aquaculture & nonagriculture extensions (technology, market and input information) can also help poverty reduction efforts
Strengthening Institutional Model of Women-Farmers Group in Developing Household Food Diversification
Get PDFThe research objectives are (1) examining food diversification and household food security levels in the Women-Farmers Group (KWT) in rural areas and (2) analyzing the existing empowerment model of KWT and developing an alternative model of KWT based on potency. The research was conducted in Bulukumba and North Luwu Regencies, South Sulawesi, Indonesia by taking unit of analysis at household of KWT level. The findings of the research include: diversification of household food consumption in KWT in both districts is still a relatively “less diverseâ€; except for vegetable consumption can be said to be “quite diverseâ€. This is caused by the diversification program through P2KP movement and yard use activities. Generally, food diversification scores obtained KWT classified as “food insecure†(mean score = 4). The needs potential based of KWT include: an increase in group training programs; economic enterprises development and understanding on food diversification. The alternative models of KWT based on potency, needs and experiences of KWT members include (1) model of institutional support (assistance, facilities, promotion and learning process) and (2) model of human resources capacity of group members include: appropriate training and development of leadership potency to increase capability in recognizing and solving problems of food diversification and understanding on nutrition and food
Prospek Negara Hukum Indonesia: Gagasan dan Realita
Get PDFIndonesia sejak awal telah menegaskan dirinya sebagai sebuah negara hukum. Hal itu tampak pada adanya pengaturan yang jelas terkait kekuasaan dan fungsi masingmasing lembaga negara dalam bentuk sistem checks and balances antar cabang kekuasaan, jaminan perlindungan HAM yang cukup lengkap, kejelasan prinsip-prinsip mekanisme demokrasi, serta jaminan peradilan yang independen. Meskipun konstitusi telah mengatur sedemikian rupa, upaya mewujudkan negara hukum bukanlah hal yang mudah. Sekarang ini nampak perjalanan negara hukum Indonesia terasa masih tertatih-tatih. Berbagai persoalan hukum yang mengusik rasa keadilan terus muncul silih berganti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari dasawarsa terakhir, Indonesia telah banyak melakukan perubahan untuk mewujudkan cita negara hukum. Namun pada praktiknya, pembangunan hukum terasa masih tetap jauh dari harapan. Keberhasilan membangun negara hukum tidak dapat diukur dari kemampuan memproduksi legislasi dan menciptakan atau merevitalisasi institusi hukum. Lebih dari itu, keberhasilan bernegara hukum harus pula diukur dari implementasi dan penegakan hukum yang mampu menciptakan keadilan bagi seluruh rakyat. Oleh karena itu, fokus utama berbagai kajian hukum dan kebijakan hukum, harus diorientasikan pada institusi peradilan dan penegakkan hukum
Antinomi dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia
Get PDFRealita banyaknya undang-undang produksi DPR dan Presiden yang dibatalkan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, terjadi sebagai akibat materi muatan undang-undang tersebut yang jamak mencermikan ketidakadilan dan ketidakpastian hukum. Tingginya angka judicial review menjadi sinyal kurang terakomodasinya kepentingan dan hak-hak warga negara dalam sebuah produk perundang-undangan. Tidak adanya keharmonisan pengaturan yang dilakukan DPR itulah yang memberi dampak pada jamaknya undang-undang yang digugat. Tulisan ini mencoba mendeskripsikan beberapa perdebatan antinomi yang mewarnai eksistensi perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, antinomi— pertentangan—norma dalam peraturan perundang-undangan adalah satu hal yang sulit terhindarkan, apalagi mengingat buruknya proses legislasi di DPR saat ini. Dalam setiap pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi norma bukanlah satu titik tekan yang utama, melainkan terkalahkan oleh politik transaksional antarfraksi di DPR yang justru tampak lebih dominan. Namun bilamana pertentangan norma tersebut justru membentuk satu aturan hukum yang simultan, dinamis, dan memenuhi cita hukum, tentu tidak menjadi persoalan. Selama tidak menimbulkan kerugian bagi pemenuhan hakhak konstitusional (constitutional rights) warga negara
Kebijakan Nasional Indonesia dalam Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim
Get PDFSejak pertama kalinya bergulir, isu perubahan iklim atau global warming telah menjadi trend setter tersendiri dalam wacana diskusi multidisipliner, termasuk dalam konteks hukum. Dalam diskursus ilmu hukum sendiri, isu perubahan iklim berkembang dalam sekian aspek pembahasan, terlebih dengan masih adanya banyak perdebatan yang terjadi mengenai penyebab maupun lingkup dampak dari perubahan iklim tersebut. Sebagai sebuah masalah global, tiap negara memiliki karakter tersendiri pada model kebijakannya dalam adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif dan bertujuan untuk dapat memaparkan secara garis besar konsep kebijakan nasional Indonesia dalam adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Secara garis besar, Indonesia telah memberikan kontribusi cukup signifikan dalam rezim perubahan iklim, terutama pasca Bali Action Plan 2007
Grain Yield Stability of Quality Protein Maize Genotypes across Diverse Environments of Terai and Mid Hills in Nepal
Get PDFMaize is produced in diverse environmental conditions in Nepal. National Maize Research Program regularly tests maize genotypes for their grain yield stability in highly diverse environments. The objective of this paper is to estimate grain yield stability of quality protein maize genotypes across different environments. Two quality protein maize genotypes namely Poshilo Makai-1 and S99TLYQ-HG-B along with Farmer’s variety were tested at nine different locations of Nepal in four consecutive years before 2013 under farmer’s fields. Alpha-lattice design with two replications was used. The results of these studies revealed that S99TLYQ-HG-B was more stable followed by Poshilo Makai-1 as compare to Farmer’s variety. The overall higher mean grain yield and regression coefficient (b) near to unity showed that S99TLYQ-HG-B is the most adaptive genotype across the tested environments. However, more than unity regression coefficient (b) indicates that Poshilo Makai-1 could be the recommended variety for better environments under farmers’ management
Understanding the Objectives of Pigs Farming Development in Arfak Tribe Farmers, West Papua
Get PDFThe multifunction of pigs for the Papuan are divergences and interelated. This study was aimed to seek the objectives of keeping pigs by Arfak tribe and to find the trend relationships of economical and socio-cultural components determining the development of pig farming systems in Manokwari. A one-month field research was done at Manokwari Barat district. Quiztionaire was the tool used to record and collect the data. Snowball method was applied to chose the pig farmer participants and 60 respondents were participated. Several variables were quantified to measure the percentages of socio-cultural and economicalobjectives. The finding shown that income generation, savings barter were the subsequent components shaping the economic objectives and while organic fertilizer and biofertilizer resulted from manure were not applied yet. Although dung was frequently produced and spreaded at the pig house and around backyard. Socio-culture was done in the means of merrital prices, peaceness, gift and parties, respectively. The other findings were that the alternation of pig development indicated by herd size had positive relationship with the two motives. Similar relationship was shown by number of aided farmers. Hence, the changes of pig farming systems, e.g. extensive to semi-intensive and/or intensive to semi-intensive had shown weak relationship
Aspek Hukum Pendaftaran Tanah Bekas Milik Asing sebagai Aset Pemerintah Daerah
Get PDFTanah sebagai aset pemerintah dapat berasal dari tanah-tanah bekas milik asing yang berasal dari tanah-tanah milik Cina dan perusahaan-perusahaan Belanda. Tanah sebagai aset pemerintah daerah diakui setelah dilakukan pendaftaran tanah/bersertifikat. Dalam penguasaan, pemanfaatan, dan pengelolaannya oleh instansi pemerintah haruslah berdasarkan pada Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 17 Tahun 2007 tentang Petunjuk teknis Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah (BMD) agar memberikan manfaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa status hukum tanah aset daerah di kota Makassar yang berasal dari kepemilikan asing (Cina dan Belanda) ada yang telah berstatus Tanah Hak namun masih ada pula yang berstatus Tanah Negara/belum bersertifikat, disebabkan kendala pensertifikatan tanah aset daerah bekas milik asing Cina dan Belanda dari aspek peraturan perundang-undangan dan aspek administrasi