Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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Analysis of Trans Fatty Acid Content and Viscosity of the Repeteadly Used Frying Oil
Full text linkThe physicochemical properties of the repeatedly used frying oil were subjected to changes at frying temperature of 180oC and frying time of 10 minutes with five times frying repetitions. The changes included the formation of trans fatty acids and increased viscosity. The trans fatty acid content was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and the viscosity by “Brookfield DV-E Viscometerâ€. The trans fatty acid content and the viscosity of the repeatedly used frying oil increased with the number of repeated uses and the trans fatty acid content increased with the viscosity. The higher the trans fatty acid, the higher the viscosity of the frying oil. The increased trans fatty acid content and viscosity indicated that a damage had occurred in the oil
Prospective Effects of Induced Mutation by Gamma Radiation in Essential Oil Production of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
Full text linkThis review discusses the prospective effects of induced mutation in lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus by gamma radiation towards its essential oil production by comparing available literatures on radiation studies in Cymbopogon genus. Previous studies on Cymbopogon mutation breeding program have shown that most of the analyses were limited to physical characteristic observation and concise chemical analysis in their essential oil yield. The issue that comes into view is the on-going things that happen in their essential oil biosynthesis correlated with its biological properties and chemical composition changes. Finding the exact cause of where and how the radiation had triggered the differences in essential oil production between mutant and its control variety need to be studied. This concern possibly could be answered by analysing the changes between both varieties on their interactions within chemical, biological and genetic perspectives. Thus, strong understanding could be build for better analysis in lemongrass mutation breeding
The Ecological Potential of Wild Orchids for in situ and ex situ Conservation of Rare Species in Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential of Sulawesi wild orchids in their natural habitat as a basis for their in situ and ex situ conservation. A field survey was conducted from July to August, 2010 in the Bolli Forest in Enrekang, South Sulawesi. Purposive sampling method based on land forms, such as riparian, dry-plate and the slope zones was used to collect data on orchids in the field. Results showed that 37 species of orchids were mostly found in riparian zones, 36 of which species were mostly epiphytes attached to the first branching of host trees (39.4%) compared to 28.9% on the main tree trunk. The tree species associated with 10 or more species of orchids were Eugenia sp.1, Vitex cofassus and Myristica inners. Ecological studies indicated that on the riparian zone, there were only 4 out of 24 species of orchids have Important Value (IV) of 10%, namely: Phalaenopsis ambonensis, Pholidota imbricata, Eria pubescens and Liparis condylobulbon. In the dry-plate zone, there were only 6 out of the 22 orchid’s species have IV above 10%, i.e.: Bulbophyllum laxiflorum, Phalaenopsis ambonensis, Pholidota imbricata, Eria pubescens, Cymbidium finlaysonianum and Phalaenopsis amabilis. In the slope zone, only 7 of the 12 orchids species have IV of above 10 i.e. Dendrobium teretifolia, Aerides jarkianum, Pholidota imbricata, Phalaenopsi. amabilis, Eria pubescens, Dendrobium cruminatum, and Bulbophylum laxiflorum. The highest diversity index was found in dry-plate zone (2.55), followed by riparian zone (2.14), and slope zone (2.05), while the highest similarity index was found in the riparian-dry plate (50.16%) followed by riparian-slope (39.14%) and slope-dry plate zone (37.46%). There were several types of orchids that are found growing only in one zone with a low relative density and a narrow distribution of species, such as Phalaenopsis amabilis and Dendrobium anosmum var. Huttoni. The latter have large fragrant flowers and attractive colors. Both species are frequently hunted by the local forest communities. The natural population of orchid species is diminishing as a result of poaching, will be susceptible to local extinction if their habitat is disturbed, demanding the attention of those concerned for their much needed in situ and ex situ conservation
The Impact of Infrastructural Facilities on the Poverty of Farmers in Bidur Municipality, Nepal.
Full text linkPoverty is one of the major problems in Bidur Municipality, Nepal. The municipality has higher rate of poverty compared to the other municipalities. The municipality has been suffering from poor infrastructural facilities. Therefore, this study identifies the significant aspect of infrastructures which might affect poverty. Since the concept of poverty is broad and has been discussed from many perspectives, the per capita income was taken to identify poverty in this study. Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were employed. Results showed that 30% of the people lived below the poverty line, which is higher than national urban poverty. Among the different infrastructural facilities, paved roads were found to be the most dominating factor that has an impact on the poverty in the Municipalities. However, other influencing factors such as vocational training and employment in non–agricultural sector were also significant in improving the poverty line of farmers in the municipality. Future research should be focused on studying the impact of paved road construction in other municipalities that may help to reduce poverty within the farmer’s community when more economic opportunities are created
The Impact of Eco-labeling and Forest Certification on Teak Forest Plantation
Full text linkThis paper deals with eco-labeling and certification process of forest. There are two objectives of the paper are; (a) to evaluate the impact of eco-labeling and forest certification on teak forest plantation, (b) to determine the financial feasibility of eco-label teak plant business with paddy rice (intercropping). This research was conducted in South Konawe District, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia using stratified random sampling with 62 farmers as respondents. Data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. Quantitative analysis was performed by using paired sample test, NPV, B/C and IRR. The result of the research indicates that ecolabel certificating process in KHJL involving many parties (collaboration) and conducted through these processes: selecting certificate giver, avoiding gap between certificate giver standard and KHJL forest management, consulting with stakeholders, reporting and certificating forest management; The ecolabel certificating process gives effect on the changes of planting pattern and the size of teak plant field. The effect on changes of planting pattern is indicated by the shifting of agroforestry planting pattern to simple agroforestry. The effect on field size of teak plant field is indicated by the improvement of average size of field from 0.53-2.07 ha per farmer. By considering three criterions (NPV value of df 18% equals to Rp 63.978.638,- NBCR value is greater than 1 in the amount of 8, and the IRR value of 41.26% or IRR > 18%), it can be said that, financially the certificated teak processed for business worth for exploration and expanded
Weed Management on the Abundance of Insect Natural Enemies in a Cabbage Field
Full text linkThe study was conducted to determine the effect of weed management level on the abundance of insect natural enemies in cabbage fields. Two levels of weed management were applied in the field, namely with and without herbicide application in two growers’ cabbage fields in Malino, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Results demonstrated that insect natural enemies were more abundant in the field without herbicide application than those in the field with herbicide application. Five species of predatory insect species were collected from both fields, anmely Solenopsis sp., Ophionea sp., Euborellia sp., Cicindella sp., and Paederus fuscipes. The herbicide and its surroundings were kept weed-free during the growing season. Four most abundant weed species were found in the field without herbicide treatment including Nasturtium indicum (Brassicaceae), Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae), Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) and Cleome rutidospema (Capparidaceae)
Bacterial Antagonist Isolates in Controlling Bacterial Wilt Disease of Potato (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Aeroponic Cultivation System
Full text linkThe growing of potato plants in aeroponics system is considered as safe and ecologically friendly for producing natural, healthy plants and crops. However, it often faces with several constraints. Infection of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in the aeroponics cultivation system can spread rapidly through the nutrition flow and lead to plant death and crop failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial antagonist isolates belonging to Clostridium sp in reducing bacterial wilt disease of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in aeroponic system and its effect on increasing the weight and number of potato tubers. The results showed that of the seven treatments tested on potato aeroponic system, treatment with a combination of isolates NS01 + G06 + S06 tend to be more effective in suppression of bacterial wilt disease (85%), increase the amount of seed tubers (162.5 tubers/treatment) and increase the average of tuber weight as much as 311.25 gr/treatment. It can therefore be concluded that a combination of three isolates of Clostridium sp i.e: NS01 + G06 + S06 had some synergic activities in potato aeroponic cultivation system