Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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Undang-Undang sebagai Sarana Pembaharuan bagi Masyarakat (Telaah Sosiologis Keberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa)
Get PDFUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa menegaskan, setiap desa di seluruh Indonesia mendapat alokasi dana dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara. Dana tersebut digunakan untuk pembangunan yang berbasis desa. Total dana yang dialokasikan tersebut mencapai 10% dari dana perimbangan yang diterima Kabupaten/ Kota dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah setelah dikurangi Dana Alokasi Khusus. Secara teoritis penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Undang- Undang Desa sebagai sarana pembaharuan masyarakat. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja melihat perubahan sikap terhadap perundang-undangan yang menampakkan keseimbangan antara keinginan untuk mengadakan pembaharuan hukum melalui perundang-undangan dan kesadaran diperhatikannya pula nilai-nilai dan kenyataan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Undang-Undang Desa menjadi landasan dan bagian dari pembaharuan pola pikir, pola tindak masyarakat desa. Undang-Undang Desa seyogianya juga merupakan instrumen untuk membangun kehidupan baru desa yang mandiri, demokratis, dan sejahtera
Korelasi Putusan Hakim Tingkat Pertama, Tingkat Banding, dan Tingkat Kasasi (Suatu Studi Tentang Aliran Pemikiran Hukum)
Get PDFHakim dalam mengambil putusan dibebankan kewajiban oleh undang-undang untuk memuat pasal tertentu dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersangkutan sebagai dasar untuk mengadili. Paradigma hukum yang berkembang menunjukkan adanya harapan agar pengadilan, khususnya hakim, tidak hanya mampu memberikan keadilan prosedural semata berdasarkan teks perundang-undangan, akan tetapi lebih utama adalah keadilan substantif. Keadilan substantif bukan berarti hakim harus selalu mengabaikan bunyi undang-undang, melainkan dengan keadilan substantif berarti hakim bisa mengabaikan undang-undang yang tidak memberi rasa keadilan, tetapi tetap berpedoman pada formal undang-undang yang sudah memberi rasa keadilan sekaligus menjamin kepastian hukum. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penerapan paradigma hukum bagi hakim dalam memutus perkara adalah faktor pendidikan hakim, lingkungan peradilan (spirit of the corp), pengawasan eksternal, dan integritas hakim
Pengendalian Efektif sebagai Cara Akuisisi Teritorial: Analisis Kasus Sipadan - Ligitan
Get PDFBerbagai cara seperti cession, prescription, discovery dalam memperoleh hak atas suatu wilayah dapat dilakukan oleh suatu negara, asal saja negara tersebut dapat menjalankan pengendalian efektif (effective occupation) atas wilayah itu. Pengendalian yang berlangsung lama, terus menerus dan damai yang disertai dengan pengakuan tidak memiliki karakter fisik semata-mata, tetapi terutama terkait dengan pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi pemerintahan sebagai manifestasi kedaulatan teritorial, sebagaimana ditemukan melalui berbagai yurisprudensi, seperti kasus Sipadan - Ligitan. Hak Malaysia atas kedua pulau itu tidak semata-mata terkait prinsip ‘effective occupation’, tetapi juga terkait dengan sulitnya menghindari pengaruh eksternal di balik putusan Mahkamah Internasional. Argumentasi dan pertimbangan mahkamah sarat dengan alibi atau permainan kata dalam mematahkan pendirian pihak Indonesia sehingga dirasakan adanya ketidakadilan
Tagging and Mapping of Mixed Dipterocarp Mountain Forest at Species Level using an Airborne Hyperspectral Imager
Get PDFForest inventories describe the quantity and quality of trees and other organisms of the forest and the characteristics of the land on which the forest grows. Thus, to manage the resource of the forest systematically, the forest has to be precisely identified and classified before implementing decisions. A study on the spatial distribution of mountain mixed hill dipterocarp forest tree species in Gunung Stong Forest Reserve, Kelantan, Malaysia was conducted using an airborne hyperspectral imaging technique to identify, tag and map tree distribution at species level for future sustainable harvest and management planning. The general objective of this study is to assess the capability and usefulness UPM-AISA airborne hyperspectral sensor in Pre-Felling forest inventory while the specific objectives are to identify, map and tag individual trees in Gunung Stong Forest Reserve, Kelantan. A Sobel filter was used to enhance the image followed by a Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) analysis to classify the individual tree species within the study plot. A digital map of tree tagging was produced with the tree species identified were Kelat (Syzgium spp), Keledang (Artrocarpos spp), Mengkulang (Heritiera spp), Tempinis (Streblus elongatus), Keranji (Dialium spp), Tulang Daing (Callerya atropurea), Meranti Sarang Punai (Shorea parvifolia), Kembang Semangkuk Jantung (Scaphium macropodum), Bintangor (Calophyllum spp), Nyatoh Minyak (Sapotaceae spp), Mersawa (Anisoptera spp), Resak (Cotylelobium spp), Sepetir (Sindora spp), Temponek (Artocarpus rigidus) and Petaling. The mapping accuracy of 89.66% was attained in the 1 ha study plot. Tree tagging using airborne remote sensing has a great potential in the Pre-F inventory and should be integrated with a GIS database management for future decision in management, development and utilization of sustainable forest resource
The Effect Stubble Cutting Height on the Vegetative and Reproductive Phase of Rice Ratoon in a Tidal Swamp
Get PDFRice ratoon technology has a great potential to be developped in a tidal swamp because it can resolve various obstacles such as limited of production factor and labor, the time of planting which is depends on the season. The objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of the stubble cutting height after harvesting of first crop on the vegetative and reproductive phase of ratoon rice. The rice was planted in a tidal swamp using a direct seedling system. A randomized block design with five replicates was used. The treatment was the stubble cutting height ranged from 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm from the surface of the soil. The results showed that the height of stubble cutting has significant effect on the vegetative and reproductive phases of rice ratoon. The plant height, number of tillers and number of productive tillers of ratoon was lower than first crop. The flowering of rice ratoon was faster than the first crop. Stubble cutting up to 50 cm from the surface of the soil increases plant height, number of tillers and number of productive tillers and accelerate flowering of rice ratoon. It can be known the impact of the height of stubble cutting to the vegetative and reproductive phase on rice ratoon. Future studies on effect of the height of stubble cutting for rice yield prodcution should be focussed after the ripening phase
Performances of the Cocoa Farming Models in Cocoa Bean Supply Chain: A Case Study of Gapoktan Resopammase in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFThe research objectives are to evaluate the performances of three cocoa farming models in “so called Gapoktanâ€(Combined Farmers Groups) of Resopammase’s cocoa supply chain, located in Larompong District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Resopammase has organized around 16 of cocoa farming groups (called poktan), a kind of village cooperative to produce quality and fermented cocoa beans since several years ago to supply for PT. Bumi Tangerang Mesindotama in Tangerang, Banten Province. Data for this researh were derived from field survey, expert survey, and literature study. Evaluation uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The major finding of this research is that, the cocoa farming model in which the cocoa smallholders sell their cocoa beans in the form of wet- cocoa beans to the poktan, which in turn processes the wet-cocoa beans into dry fermented cocoa beans in the Cocoa Processing Center (CPC) before delivering the cocoa beans to Resopammase, has the highest overall priority level in performances (0.699), compared to the other two that have the priority levels of.0.196 and 0.136, respectively. The criteria in evaluating the models are respectively quality of the cocoa beans (0.343), continuity of supply (0.216), cocoa farming management (0.194), cost efficiency (0.147), and responsiveness to handle any complaint about quality of the cocoa bean produced (0.099). For the policy makers, this finding can be used as one of the references in the efforts to improve quality and increase production of the cocoa beans of the Indonesia’s cocoa farming parallel to the increase in cocoa farmers’ income
Effect of Wetland Degradation and Conversion on Carbon Stock: The Case of Tekuma Wetland, Lake Tana Sub-Basin, Ethiopia
Get PDFWetlands are considered as one of the major carbon sinkers that have significant positive effect on reducing the impact of climate change. However, the contribution of wetland to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration is not well understood by the public. Many developed and developing countries signed in and supported the inclusion of agriculture and wetland projects in the Kyoto Protocol. But Ethiopian government has not yet tried to take advantage of this opportunity and start negotiations to use conservation and improvement of wetland’s carbon sequestration potential in the country to obtain carbon funds as an economic incentive for the communities involved. With this background, this research was designed to carry out an in-depth study on the impact of wetland degradation and conversion on carbon sequestration potential in Ethiopia. To meet the stated objectives stratified sampling techniques were used to select sampling sites from the wetland areas having varying wetland degradation level. For the determination of carbon levels in each area replicates of plant and soil samples were collected. The plant organic matter was determined using a loss-on-ignition method and then converted to carbon stock. Carbon stock and bulk density of the sampled soil was determined using Walkely-Black oxidation and gravimetric methods, respectively. ANOVA and mean separation were computed to indicate whether there is significant difference in carbon stock due to wetland degradation. The research findings showed significant difference (P<0.05) of carbon storage with different wetland degradation levels. Carbon stock in the soil was on average 24 times higher than carbon stock in plants in each respective wetland area having varying degradation level. The intact wetland was able to sequester579 t/ha of CO2as compared to converted farmlands and grazing lands that had only 230 and 295 t/ha of CO2, respectively. The result showed that by protecting wetlands more than double carbon could be stored as compared to grazing and farmlands. Thus, it is recommended that special attention should be given to minimize the conversion of wetlands and maximize their benefits through carbon funding
Relevansi Doktrin Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Pemidanaan di Indonesia
Get PDFMenilik arah perkembangan hukum pidana dewasa ini, bermuara pada pembaharuan hukum pidana melalui perubahan KUHP sebagai sebuah keniscayaan. Selain karena KUHP berasal dari hukum asing (peninggalan zaman kolonial), materi muatan dalam KUHP pun telah usang dan tidak adil (obsolete and injustice) serta ketinggalan zaman dan tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan (outmoded and unreal). Jenis penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah penelitian normatif, yang mengkaji relevansi doktrin restorative justice dari perspektif sistem hukum pidana Indonesia, sehingga dapat dikonstruksi sebuah konsep restorative justice yang ideal diterapkan dalam sistem pemidanaan di Indonesia. Konsep restorative justice merupakan pendekatan dalam penyelesaian masalah yang menekankan pada pemulihan kerugian korban dan pemulihan hubungan antara pelaku dengan korban serta komunitasnya masing-masing. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan ini, para pihak diharapkan dapat mencapai kesepakatan bersama terkait penyelesaian sengketa, sehingga dapat mengharmoniskan kembali hubungan para pihak seperti sebelum terjadinya tindak pidana. Pada tataran praksis, prinsip-prinsip restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana perlu segera diterapkan sebagai bagian dari sistem pemidanaan di Indonesia
Penerapan Konsep Rechtsvinding dan Rechtsschepping oleh Hakim dalam Memutus Suatu Perkara
Get PDFHakim tidak boleh menolak untuk memeriksa dan memutus perkara yang diajukan padanya sekalipun dengan dalih hukumnya tidak jelas atau tidak ada. Hakim dituntut untuk dapat menggali nilai-nilai dan rasa keadilan yang tumbuh dan hidup dalam masyarakat. Konsep keadilan di sini bukanlah hasil dari intelektual manusia, melainkan dari jiwanya. Suatu keadilan tidak bisa muncul atau lahir dari suatu teori, sebab keadilan itu lahir alami dari hati nurani yang paling dalam dari seorang hakim yang juga manusia. Hati nurani yang murni dari seseorang tidak dapat datang tiba-tiba, melainkan ia lahir dari suatu proses dan latihan atau kebiasaan. Penemuan hukum (rechtsvinding) ataupun penciptaan hukum (rechtsschepping) haruslah dalam koridor untuk memberikan keadilan bagi pencari keadilan. Penerapan konsep rechtsvinding ataupun rechtsschepping hanya boleh dilakukan hakim apabila: Pertama, tidak ditemukannya aturan hukum yang relevan dalam perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Kedua, diatur dalam perundang-undangan tetapi tidak jelas maknanya atau mengandung pelbagai penafsiran. Ketiga, aturan yang ada di dalam perundang-undangan tidak lagi memenuhi rasa keadilan masa kini (out of date). Keempat, didasarkan pada suatu yurisprudensi atau pendapat ahli
Local Value in Management of Fish Resource and Development of Law (Studies of Bajo Tribe in Gorontalo)
Get PDFThis article is intended to analyze the existence of local values that have become part of local wisdom prevailing in Bajo community. Type of research is legal anthropology, using interviews and focus group discussion. The results showed that the Bajo Gorontalo society, there are the local values associated with the management of fish resources in the sea. Local values mean that has been implemented since long time ago, and until this day the local values still remains valid. For the people of Bajo the values meant being a model society, thus forming a community adherence behavior in managing and treating fisheries resources in the sea, so that it becomes part of the public legal awareness. Therefore, it is important to identify the values that are still applicable and to make it as a basis for the development of laws related to fisheries, which is expected to be developed, as the expectations set forth in the legislation