Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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Analysis SEM the Chemical and Physics Composition of Used Rice Husks as an Absorber Plate
Get PDFRice husk is a removal waste from its grain that can be used as an absorber in the distillation process using solar energy (sunlight) to convert seawater into clean water. This process will be supported by carrying out necessary study on the material properties to be used as the absorbent which is made of rice husk briquettes. The chemical composition of rice husk obtained after the process comparing to before the process of distillation using SEM. The study using SEM, there is an increase before and after the process distillation. For 100% Normalized Sum matrix is 2.37% (before the process) and 2.82% (after the process). It means that there is an increase percentage of about 0.45%
Study on the Critical Metal and Rare Earth Element Occurrences in Sulawesi
Get PDFAs the development of modern-high technology application is growing, demands of the constant supply of Scandium (Sc) and rare earth elements (REE) as a new green source of energy is increasing. Meanwhile, source of these elements are limited hence new source of these minerals have to be found. Nowadays, Scandium (Sc) is an important metal for electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells and the demand is likely to increase in the near future. In addition, REE is an important element in the use of permanent magnets and rechargeable batteries. Exploration on critical metals and rare earth element in Indonesia is still scarce due to lacking of skillful human resource who understand about the occurrences and distribution of these elements. Based on the most update investigation, critical metal particularly Scandium can be found in weathering crust of highly weathered nickelcontained ultramafic rock. Scandium will be concentrated in limonite and saprolite layer, but the volume of enrichment is still unknown. Meanwhile, rare earth element found in granitic rocks particularly in zircon, monazite and xenotime. It has been reported that rare earth ore were extracted from heavily weathered granitic rocks. Sulawesi Island is one of the island where lateritic deposit from heavily weathered ultramafic can be found. The lateritic soil can be potential source of scandium. Meanwhile, granitic rocks cover almost 20% of the island which also potential source of rare earth element. These suggest that Sulawesi Island has a big potential and challenge for critical metal and rare earth element exploration. This manuscript reports the exploration potential and challenge of critical metal and rare earth element in Sulawesi based on geological data
Impact of Water Absorptionon Dielectric Properties and Breakdown Voltage of Polymer Epoxy and Xlpe
Get PDFPolymers have become an alternative option replaces the high voltage insulation materials made of ceramic and glass. The research aims to determine the dielectric characteristics of polymer insulation after water immersion for a certain period of time. The testing was conducted on two types of polymer insulation, namely the epoxy resin and the cross-linked polyethylene cable. The materials were soaked in water with the temperature of 50oC and the measurements were taken every 24 hours for 38 days. The measurements were taken from the mass materials, the relative permittivity and the contact angle. Then, the breakdown voltage measurement and the analysis of the chemical structure of the polymer insulation material were measured when the material had reached saturation state. The research results indicate an increase in the value of the mass and the relative permittivity of the material after the immersion. Such increase level is due to the absorption of the water through the filler in the polymer insulating material. The contact angle value of the epoxy resin material ranged from 56o-80o, which was classified in the category of partially wet. The XLPE material has the value of the average contact angle of above 90o and in the category of hydrophobic. The breakdown voltage value has decreased by 50% in average from the voltage limit before the immersion. The water absorption process has an effect on the decrease of the dielectric strength of the insulating polymer material
Public Perception and Participation in Environmental Preservation of Watershed
Get PDFEnvironmental aspects have been some of the most argued about topics in society, including the role of the government as a stakeholder. Deforestation and illegal mining have been destroying the many ecosystems and rainforest habitats, including along the Katingan Watershed. The research objective is to describe public perception and participation in environmental preservation. The research used descriptive qualitative method and applying Spradley Domain Analysis. Primary and secondary data were obtained directly from field informants using interviews, observations and documentation. The research results show that the people’s perception and participation in environmental preservation was categorized into two groups. The first group one stated that they did contributed out of personal and financial interests, whilst the second groups were simply following the instructions of the government and local leaders. In general, locals have different perception on how they utilize the natural resources. The management of natural resources was perceived as being done for economic reasons, with the assumption that it were used sustainably. People’s involvement in preserving nature were affected their own needs either individually or collectively. Participation of the people in the conservation around the watersheds area was done for reasons of individual desire, solidarity, and to follow instructions from the government and Katingan Hilir leader. Environmental effort is carried out in activities aiming to protect and prevent damage to the area of the Katingan River. This lead to argue that diverse people’s perception to preserving environment generates the difference participation in their awareness
Disparity in Human Rights Violations: A Political and International Law Perspective
Get PDFRight to life is non-derogable rights. A natural right that should not be revoked arbitrarily by anyone, including the state. A mass murder in events 1 October 1965 and Timor-Timor is a double series of states’ failure in protecting the rights of Indonesian peoples. Moreover, these two events get different treatment in its handling. The disparity in treatment between two cases is a big question related to the consistency of human rights enforcement in Indonesia. This study is a descriptive-qualitative research. While, to prove the truth, this study will use a comparative study. The findings show that the attitude of the United Nations that treat serious human rights violations in Timor-Timor and the events of 1965 in Indonesia, cannot be answered differently in the perspective of international law. Since it has a weakness where the political interests of ruling is very strong in influencing the decisions of the UN. The disparity in law enforcement in the event of serious human rights violations in 1965 and Timor-Timor due to the dynamics of international politics when it does not allow for the demands of human rights violations to the UNs’ International Court due to advantage for a certain state after the event. In order to reduce disparities in human rights violations, reconciliation is the most rational solution at this time compared remains demand the state for the violations. Besides, many human rights violations in certain countries that have successfully resolved through reconciliation approach
Identification of Role of Feeder, Collecting and Local Ports in Sulawesi Corridor in Supporting the National Connectivity
Get PDFSupport of seaports in central areas is needed to support the development of the region. In the hierarchy of ports, seaports act as feeder port, collector port, and local port. Sulawesi Economic Corridor has a high potential in economic and social fields as well as a competitive advantage in the plantation sector, marine fisheries, food crops, and marine transportation is very important to support the trading activities. The main objective of this research is to analyze the level of connectivity in the marine transportation system connecting the centers of major growth in Sulawesi corridor and identify the role of ports in the corridor of Sulawesi to support such connectivity. Results of the study are; 1) The role of the main port in Sulawesi Corridor is to support centers of national activity which is a region that is fast-progressing and fast-growing. Collector port and feeder port, particularly regional feeder port has the majority to support centers territories and regions with the potential to grow rapidly which is the hinterland of the central area of primary growth in each province, 2) Hierarchy design arranged by the Port of Bitung is International Hub Port and the Port of Makassar is one link in the system of national pendulum as a port plays an important role in Sulawesi Corridor. Ports of Pantoloan, Kendari, Gorontalo, Palu, Parepare, and Belang-Belang are in the second hierarchy position and regional feeder ports and partially local feeder are in the third hierarchy position which act as ports to serve centers and local activities in a particular region., 3) Level of connectivity to the high sea transportation of container cargo only between major ports such as Makassar, Bitung, and Pantoloan while for general cargo high connectivity found in the Port of Makassar and Bitung
Sizing and Pre-stressing Force Optimization of Pre-stressed Concrete Beam Using Fast Multi Swarm Optimization
Get PDFNowadays, pre-stressed concrete is commonly used in many structural constructions, such as bridge and building structures. Cross sectional area of the beam can be smaller if pre-stressed concrete beam is used compared to ordinary reinforced concrete one. In this case, it will have cost saving if we can optimized the structures. However, it must have a good technique for obtaining the optimum cross sectional area of the pre-stressed concrete beam, One of the optimization techniques that give a good result for optimization process is fast multi swarm optimization. In this paper, fast multi swarm optimization was used to obtain the optimum cross sectional area and optimum prestressing force of the pre-stressed concrete beam of simply supported condition. This study shows better result compared to the previous research when using similar objective functio
Tectonic Influence on Changes in Neogene Sediment Supply, Western Part of North Serayu Basin
Get PDFWestern part of North Serayu Basin composed of Neogene sequence; Halang, Pemali and Rambatan Formation. The oil seeps discovery in this area is an indication of the presence an active petroleum system. Active tectonic condition occur coincidence with the time of deposition. The tectonic influence on change in sediment supply will be the subject of this research. The combinations of subsidence, eustatic and sediment supply are corresponding to the accommodation space, moreover to the type of sediment which is deposited. The quantity and rate of sediment supply to the basin are closely related to the tectonic activity. In the context of Petroleum Potential, study of sediment supply will provide information about the potential source rock, reservoir and caprock that developed in the research area. During the Neogene at least there have been three times of sea level change in the research area which is related to thickening sedimentary sequence during middle of N18 and thinning in N13 to N17 in some place
Rule-based Dispute Settlement Mechanism for ASEAN Economic Community: Does ASEAN Have It?
Get PDFASEAN Charter 2007 as ‘constitution’ of ASEAN aims to establish ASEAN Community (AC) in 2015 that ASEAN constitutes as a rule-based organization. ASEAN Community consists of three pillars, namely, ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC), ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), and ASEAN Socio Cultural Community (ASCC). AEC will posses as the lead for the Communities. The objective of AEC is to form a single market and production base with some priority sectors. Accordingly, many economic regional organizations provide Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) to resolve disputes that may arise among the member countries. The dispute mechanism aims to provide predictability and security in international trade by providing strict time-frames, and was designed to be mutually agreed by the disputing members, flexible and binding. ASEAN trade DSM is designed as a legalistic mechanism. This paper examines DSM in ASEAN, especially economic disputes in the context of international trade law. In doing so, this paper analyzes DSM provided in the ASEAN Charter by comparing to DSM in the WTO context
Petrogenesis of Andesitic Rocks In Sumalata, North Gorontalo
Get PDFSumalata area locates in North Gorontalo or northern coast of North Arm Sulawesi. This area is rich in natural resources. One of those is a gold mine, which is managed by society. The area is covered by Miocene to Pliocene andesite and tuffs. Andesitic rocks are members of Diorite Boliohuto Formation. This study was conducted to determine petrogenesis of andesitic rocks. The research method used is field observations. The samples were analyzed by petrographic analysis. Field observations shows andesitic rocks consisted of andesite and quartz andesite. Most of the mineral are presence as opaque minerals such as pyrite and chalcopyrite. Petrographic analyses of 20 samples indicte four types of rocks namely andesite, trachyte, latite and quartz latite. Those rocks are formed by alkaline-intermediate magma. The differences of these rocks are their compositions of plagioclase, K-feldspar and quartz. In addition, the secondary minerals are chlorite, sericite, carbonates and opaque minerals. The presence of minerals supposedly due to the alteration of primary minerals such as pyroxene and plagioclase. This can occur if there is a process of alteration and metal mineralization