Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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Examining Temporary Migration as a Solution to the Lean Season
Get PDFOur research in Indonesia took as its focus the concept of the lean season, that is, predictable times of scarcity which contribute to large drop offs in productivity, consumption and caloric intake for an affected region and its people. For this research, we partnered with students from Universitas Hasanuddin (UnHas) in Makassar to leverage their knowledge of the local language and broader cultural context. They proved to be invaluable colleagues as we met with the various constituencies across South Sulawesi. We conducted first-person interviews with village leaders, as well as agricultural workers and city employers. Through these formal interactions – and impromptu meetings and conversations too – we were able to get a sense of the viability of a temporary migration scheme like the ones implemented in Bangladesh and Timor by Dr. Mobarak and his team. We made serious effort to embark on lines of questioning which were open-ended instead of suggestive and, when appropriate and possible, conducted our interviews with individuals as opposed to groups to ward off collectivist thinking. In particular, our questions were meant to illuminate the lived experience of locals around four broad areas of concern: the agricultural calendar, coping mechanisms, migration history and employer insights. The coming pages spell out our findings
Performance Evaluation and Organization’s Culture Impactson Job Satisfaction and Employees’ Performance
Get PDFAbstract:Thestudy investigatesand evaluates impactsof performance evaluation and company’s culture on job satisfaction and employees’ performance. Methodof data collection is using questionnaire. Data was analyzed by path analysis with decomposition model of causal influence between variables. The resultsindicate thatthe influence of two variables -performance evaluation and Company’s culture have direct and indirect effect to employees’ performance. The other variable (job satisfaction) has direct effect to employees’performance
Impact of Non Tariff Measure on Indonesian Cacao Exports
Get PDFIncreased awareness of food safety issues has resulted in non-tariff measure in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade applied to various importing countries. The policy is widely applied by various countries on agricultural commodities, especially Cocoa. Cocoa is Indonesia's flagship commodity exported to many countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation and impact of non tariff measure on Indonesian cocoa exports. The model used in this research is to estimate the result of inventory approach in gravity model. The results show that Sanitary and Phytosanitary policy has an effect on decreasing export value of Indonesian Cocoa while Technical Barrier to Trade has no significant effect. SPS policy is mostly applied to Cocoa Beans while TBT is more applied to processed cocoa. So, Indonesia needs to improve the processing of cocoa beans such as cacao shells, cacao paste, cacao butter, cacao powder, chocolate and other preparations. The government needs to provide socialization to Indonesian cocoa agribusiness entrepreneurs in the implementation of sanitary and phytosanitary policy. Government programs or policies are designed according to the characteristics of SPS and TBT
Assessing the Impact of the Brent Spar Incident on the Decommissioning Regime in the North East Atlantic
Get PDFThe advent of deep-water oil exploration has increased concern for the impact of oil activities on marine environment, especially regarding disused or decommissioned facilities offshore. Before the Brent Spar incident, which galvanised international efforts to protect the environment, international and regional legal instruments on decommissioning of offshore oil installations was weak and ineffective in protecting the environment from the effect of disused facilities. This paper examined the efforts made by international and regional actors to remedy the lapses of the pre-Brent Spar legal instruments on decommissioning of offshore oil facilities, especially regarding the new provisions on environmental protection. The paper concluded that the supplementary legal instruments made post-Brent Spar have not radically transformed the legal regime on decommissioning of offshore oil facilities because contracting states still reserve the discretion to permit abandonment of disused facilities
Legally Binding of the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body’s Decision
Get PDFDispute settlement system of the WTO DSB can be categorized as a judicial dispute settlement system. Decision (rulings and recommendations) in a dispute settlement made by the WTO DSB is binding and should be performed. In some cases, decisions made by the WTO DSB were not performed, and there is no sanction against the non-compliance with the decisions. The objective of this study is to analyze the legally binding character of the WTO DSB’s decision as a decision of a judicial organ. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that the WTO does not provide adequate sanctions against the non-compliance with the DSB’s decision. It leads to the interpretation of the DSB’s decision is international soft law norm which is not legally binding. Moreover, it can hamper the enforcement of the WTO Agreement and the achievement of the WTO’s goals. The WTO judicial system should be strengthened and improved by creating WTO independent court or tribunal, which has authority to make legally binding decision as international hard law
Simulating Utilization of Waste Heat of Motor Vehicles-Based On Thermoelectric Generator
Get PDFThe main power source of motor vehicle is combustion engines which use fossil fuels (diesel, gasoline, pertamax etc.) as fuel. The total heat supplied to the engine in the form of fuel, 30-40% of fuel is converted into mechanical work, heat remaining is released through the exhaust pipe and the engine cooling system. The unused heat source in motor vehicles could potentially be used to generate electricity as a supplier of electricity needs in a vehicle. The technology used to convert the heat energy into electrical energy known as the thermoelectric generator, which uses the Seebeck theory as the basis of the principle works. This study uses a cylinder with a heating element inside (heater) as a heat source such as the exhaust pipes designed in a motor vehicle. Cylinder temperature is simulated as the temperature of the exhaust pipes of motor vehicles by varying the input voltage supplied to the heater (150V, 175V, 200V and 225V). This study also uses sub-sonic wind tunnel as a source of wind to vary the speed of exhaled air to test equipment to simulate the vehicle speed (20 km/h, 30 km/h, 40 km/h, 50 km/h and 60 km/h). By using 8 thermoelectric modules arranged in series electrical, power (P) generated a maximum of 0.88 Watt with voltage difference (ΔV) 11:13V and a maximum temperature difference (ΔT) 47.61°C. This condition is obtained on the input voltage at 225V heater with air velocity 20 km/h.Â
Time Assessment on Sensor Stability for Sound Absorption Measurement
Get PDFIn previous study, humidity consistency had been proven as significant contributor to the stability of sensor in measuring absorption coefficient of acoustical material. This phenomenon becomes critical as method of in-situ measurements naturally involve environmental variables, where temperature and humidity may vary. This research applies two similar pu-sensors (pu-1 and pu-2) in series of calibration and EA-method measurement sets then comparing both results on absorption characteristics through standard deviations, each in various controlled humidity. In every of four measurement sets, both sensors behave in similar trend in responding different humidity changes, Dj. The higher the humidity difference, Djbetween measurement sets, the bigger deviation of results occurred. To confirm this humidity effects on sensors’ stability on measurement of absorption coefficient by EA-method, further investigation were performed by statistical correlation between humidity levels and the time of measurements (4 sets of separated time). Environment humidity manually controlled in ranges of 30 - 60% by set of fans and humidifiers throughout set of measurement, while deeper understanding on the resulted deviations were discussed by evaluation on the sensors working principles and how its sensibility may effected by humidity in the environment. Based on time and humidity difference, Dj statistical simulation, correlation between sensor’s calibrations and their responses in 4 separated time of experiments had emphasized the above phenomenon. No significant differences on both sensors’ deviation in each of the experiment time sets, leaving humidity as the deviation source with less correlation to time of measurements
Biodiesel Production From Beef Tallow, Catalyzed by Potasium Hidroxide in Ethanol
Get PDFA research on conversion of beef tallow into biodiesel using potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst has been done. Production of the biodiesel was conducted by esterification process and continued by transesterification process. Esterification process was carried out using 1.25 wt% of 1 M H2SO4 as a catalyst with a molar ratio of beef tallow to ethanol of 1:9. After the esterification, oil was separated from ethanol followed by a transesterification step with a molar ratio of 1:12 (tallow to ethanol) using KOH catalyst with varios concentrations; 0.5%, 1.0 % and 1.5% (toward oils and ethanol). The biodiesel produced was characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). According to 1H-NMR result, biodesel yields is 44.30%, and experimentally yields was 41.06%. Physical characterization was determined by ASTM method and the results obtained were as follows: specific gravity = 0.8641 g/cm3, kinematic viscosity = 5.156 cSt, flash point = 102.5 °C, pour point = 21 °C, and conradson carbon residue = 0.035%
HOW MIGRANTS FROM CITIES BECOME POTENTIAL INNOVATORS IN KOREAN RURAL COMMUNITIES
Get PDFSince 2010 there were more migrants from urban center to rural area due to the increase of retirees population and willingness to seek alternative lifestyles to a neo-liberal society. By this migrants movement, rural policy makers expected and considered as a new source of labor to supplement the farming industry and to vitalize social activities in rural society, and to provide organizational ability to systemize rural projects in order to cope with a changing environment.  However, it is not quite clear how these migrants may bring about changes in farming and in local communities. This paper will discuss the conditions and potentiality of these migrants in relation to farming projects. The paper argued that most migrants were well-educated, innovators for new farming practices, market oriented,  tend to engage in health food production, and emphasize on eco-farming or environmentally friendly farming. As newcomers they have limitations in regards to farming technology, knowledge, physical power and land holdings. In regards to eco-friendly farming, they seem to be influenced more by NGOs and governmental support for organic farming. The migrants who do not farm  mostly involved in village projects during the course of implementation. It was concluded that the migrants were very valuable assets to rural community and play a crucial role in putting together various interest groups in villages and establishing income-generating projects so that villagers can start being optimistic about their future
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION IN TEMPE LAKE, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Get PDFChallenges in providing sufficient food is a society problem and it will exist along with human civilization history.In this modern civilization, when the population reach more than 7 million people in the world, food consumption and production become a civilization problem and nature becomes a victim of it. Nowadays, almost 1 million people facing undernutrition and malnutritionThis study aimed to identify the pattern of food consumption and production in Tempe Lake, the biggest lake in the province or in Sulawesi island. A fieldwork conducted on February 2016 at Laelo Village (Kelurahan Laelo) that belongs to Tempe Sub-district (Kecamatan Tempe). Total respondents in this study were 72 people who were selected randomly from those have use the lake as main source of livelihood. Some informants who know more about the lake were also interviewed. Data gathered mainly about land use of the lake during dry season and wet (flood) season, and food consumption and production pattern, This research found that fish production of the lake has decreased significantly in the last 20 years due to sedimentation, overfishing and environmental contamination.  People consumed various foods for their dietary but mostly consuming rice that they purchased from market and fish and vegetables from the lake. There was no different in amount of rice and fish consumed during wet and dry season