Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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FACTORS OF URBAN-RURAL MIGRATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF I-TURN MIGRANTS IN RURAL JAPAN
Get PDFThis paper analyses the reasons for I-turn migration and the actual economic situation (measured by their income level, savings and expenditure) as well as their true social situation (assessed by the nature of relationship that exist between them and the villagers) in these communities as compared to those conditions they had while they were in urban areas. The study was conducted in some selected rural areas of Nara and Kyoto Prefectures. A structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to I-turners in the research areas and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the responses of the I-turners. The study revealed that the main reasons why I- turners moved to the rural areas are; preference to quiet and relaxed rural life (51.1%), to be engaged in agriculture (31.9%) and strong desire to raise kids in the rural environment (29.8%). The economic situation of the I-turners was not so favourable as most of them earned a lower income (59.6%) after moving from the cities. They also have to cope with decreased savings (44.7%), and some I-turners (27.7%) indicated that they do not save at all. At the same time, majority of them (60%) indicated that their expenditure was higher in the city compared to now that they are in the village. One of the reasons they gave for reduced expenditure in the rural area is as a result of a bilateral and close relationship that exist between them and their neighbours via various direct helps and indirect helps they receive from them. Nevertheless, these I-turners were often resisted by the influential village elders and old residents who were reluctant to accept innovative ideas from them. I-turners were expected to close the gap between them and the uncooperative members of the community by actively involving in village works and other social responsibilities. Based on the research findings, this paper concludes that the I-turners being faced with harsh economic condition and other uncomfortabilities, can be sustained in the rural areas where they perform a wide range of roles in solving rural problems if the attractions that the rural areas hold for them (which motivated their migration into these areas in the first place) are not tampered with. Also, the sustainability of these I-turn migrants in the rural area is highly dependent on the quality of relationship that exist between them and original members of each village community. This conclusion is based on the fact that the I-turners, though currently confronted with diverse economic and social challenges, still display a level of contentment in the rural life as a result of various gains of living in these areas (including their original reasons for migration) and the rich social relationship that exist between them and some of the cooperative villagers
HISTORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EMIGRATION FROM RURAL JAPAN IN THE PRE-WORLD WAR II ERA
Get PDFSpatial mobility like rural–urban migration is an important social phenomenon to measure the degree of freedom and dynamism of a society that is directly related to industrialization. The same applies to spatial mobility of emigration, which is permanent or long-term transmigration from a nation to another nation. Compared with Europe after the Industrial Revolution where emigration was a major social mobility, Japanese emigration after the Meiji era until World War II, was an exceptional social mobility in its industrialization process. This paper aims to clarify the historical characteristics of Japanese emigration during the prewar period. Three approaches were introduced. The first was to extract periodicity from the trend of migration, finding four medium-term cycles with 15-20 years; shifting the destination from Hawaii, North America, South America and China; and changing their intensions from tentative emigration of contracted labor for remittance to permanent emigration for settlement of agricultural firm in the receiving country. The second is to clarify the Japanese government framework which created institutionalized marginality to the emigrants, causing a discrimination structure within the emigrants society. The third is to identify push and pull factors of Japanese emigrants, finding seven factors: natural environments and natural disasters, increasing population and surplus people, commercialized agricultural products and faded crops, poverty and income differences, accessibility to external society, value of performance orientation, and emigration encouraging agency. Although the situation of emigration is directly affected by the international relations around Japan as well as tense relations between the value and behavior of Japanese emigrants and those of the receiving society, emigration itself results from the personal initiative of an emigrant and thus its mechanism is complicated and diversified, requiring multidimensional framework of ordinary income opportunities in the sending community in which emigration is positioned as one of their income opportunities
Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review: Foreword for the Inaugural Journal Volume
Get PDFWe are pleased to write the foreword to the inaugural Journal Volume of the Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review (HEBR). The HEBR is an initiative of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Hasanuddin. There will be three volumes published per year covering a range of topics from the key elds of: business; economics and management.Â
New Landfill System in North Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFMost waste disposal sites in developing country are still using open dumping and open burning However, in developing countries, there are a lot of economically and technical problems with high level landfill technologies of first world countries making implementation of improvement not feasible. Therefore, there is significant need for transfer of landfill technology that is simpler, low cost, and that can be maintained locally. A method that provides this that has recently gathered attention is the Fukuoka Method (semi-aerobic landfill). By life cycle cost analysis method, with the lifespan of the landfill is 20 years and an estimated volume of 586,789 m3 (469,431tonnes), the capital investment required was about US463,406 (synthetic-liner) or about US0.99/tone of waste, the total cost of operation was about US6.79/ton of waste. The closure cost of the landfill was estimated to beUS0.59/ton of waste
Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption of Coir and Angustifolia Haw Agave Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composite
Get PDFThis article presents the mechanical properties (including tensile and flexural stength) and water absorption of coir/ angustifolia Haw Agave fibers hybrid composite. Prior to fabrication of composite, these fibers were soaked in 5%w/v NaOH solution during 24 hours. Coir fibers were manually twisted and formed like mat and agave fibers were composed with one direction and then also formed mat. Unsaturated polyester was used as matrix in hybrid composite. Fabrication of hybrid composites used hand lay-up technique with compression molding. The variation of volume fraction of coir and agave fibers in hybrid composite are 5:25, 10:20 and 15:15 respectively. Tensile and flexural strength as well as water absorption of hybrid composite were investigated in this paper. Fracture tensile was examined by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) to determine fracture mode. Results showed that by combination of coir and agave fibers as reinforcement of hybrid composite, higher content of agave fiber in the hybrid composite is higher tensile and flexural strength. Meanwhile, the higher content of agave in hybrid composite, the water absorption also increased. SEM examination shows that the hybrid composite tend to undergo fiber pull out and matrix defect
Geochemical Characterization and Its Implication for Beneficiation of Coal from Tondongkura Village, Pangkep Regency South Sulawesi Province
Get PDFCoal from Tondongkura, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province recently was used only as fuel in some industries, although it has high ash and sulfur content. This study is conducted to determine coal quality using proximate, mineral matter and geochemical inorganic matters analysis, as well as to recommended proper method of beneficiation of Tondongkura coal, so it can be used in various industries. Analysis result showed that seam 1 of Tondongkura coal can be classified into medium ash and middle sulfur coal. Meanwhile seam 2 of Tondongkura coal can be classified into high ash and high sulfur coal. Major elements were moderately high such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO. Major element Fe2O3, and CaO had negative correlation with ash content of Tondongkura coal, while SiO2 and Al2O3 had positive correlation. Trace elements that need to be considered are the trace element which cause negative effect to health namely As, Cr, Mo and Pb. Lead (Pb) is inversely with coal ash from both seams and it is interpreted to be associated with organic matter, while As, Cr and Mo had various distribution for each seam of Tondongkura coal. Rare earth element in Tondongkura coal can be classified as Medium REY type, because Eu, Gd and Dy had high enrichment than the other REY. Pyrite contained in Tondongkura coal was syngenetic pyrite. Pyrite removal from coal can be done by using flotation method, because this method was combine physical and chemical method to separate pyrite mineral from coal. This method can decrease sulfur and ash content before the Tondongkura coal is used in various industry
MICROLOAN CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY COMMERCIAL BANK BRANCHES IN THE SOUTH AND WEST SULAWESI PROVINCE
Get PDFThis study is aimed to identify possible constraints to which loan officers assigned in state and regional development bank branches are unwillingness to supply loan to micro businesses, as well as to how an integrated constraints is built to affect loan officers’ judgment and decision to grant loan to those micro customers. The sampling covered 122 loan officers assigned in four state banks and five different regional banks. All of these are based within South and West Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. On the basis of the statistical analysis result using LISREL Program 9.2, The three paths indicated a positive and significant relationship with a different coefficient parameter for each. The external-specific condition affects positively and significantly the internal-specific condition, and the external-specific condition also affects positively and significantly the loan officer judgment(s) and decision(s), the internal-specific condition affects positively and significantly the loan officer judgment(s) and decision(s) as well.Â
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON FISCAL GOVERNMENT IN INDONESIA
Get PDFIndonesia experiences demographic change because of basically the result of successful policies in the past. Especially in the health sector where in the era of Orde Baru[1] the family planning program was successfully implemented. Productive age over non productive age are the two main variables in addition to some other variables that are also shaping demographic change. This study highlighted the demographic changes, particularly with the increasing burden of government dependents in the allocation of education, health, and social security. This study attempted to see the effect of demographic change on government fiscal using the Error Correction Model. The choice of this model was because ECM could be used to see the short-run dynamic relationship of variables that have cointegration relationship. The results showed that there are cointegration so that it could be continued by estimating using ECM and the results show that demographic change have an influence on government fiscal where proxies used such as mortality, birth rate, life expectancy have significant effect while productive and non-productive age have no significant effects. [1] Orde Baru is Period when Soeharto occupied as The 2nd President of Indonesi
Performance of NAA, 2iP, BAP and TDZ on Callus Multiplication, Shoots Initiation and Growth for Efficient Plant Regeneration System in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
Get PDFThree series of plant growth regulators experiments in Chrysanthemum tissue culture, each arranged in completely randomized design (CRD), were studied to formulate efficient plant regeneration system for developing Chrysanthemum plant cell engineering. In the first experiment, 100 mg callus were cultured in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of NAA and BAP concentrations treatments. After 30 days of culture, heaviest callus (1.55 g) was obtained in NAA (1.0 mg L-1) + BAP (0.5 mg L-1). Consequently, shoot regeneration experiment with different kinds and concentrations of auxin, i.e. NAA and 2iP were each combined with different concentrations of cytokine BAP. Callus grown on solid MS medium supplemented with both NAA and BAP at 0.5 mg L-1 showed fastest shoot initiation (30 days), largest number of shoots (5 shoots), longest shoot length (2.88 cm). While combination of 2iP (0.5 mg L-1) and BAP (2.0 mg L-1) also produced same response on shoot initiation but shorter (1.88 cm) and only one shoot. Largest number of shoots (3 shoots) was obtained in treatment BAP (0.5 mg L-1) without 2iP, although shoot initiation was slower (39 days) with shorter length (1 cm). In a separate experiment, effect of single treatment of potential synthetic cytokine for shoot regeneration, Thidiazuron (TDZ), at different concentrations was examined. However, callus grown on TDZ incorporated medium did not produce any shoots and changed from green to brown at end of study (90 days). It was assumed that TDZ inhibited formation of shoots in Chrysanthemum callus culture
“Pananrangâ€: A Guidance of Buginese Farmers in Farming
No full textEach agrarian society had knowledge about how to interact with and understand nature. Some knowledge gained from nature were recorded and codified as inheritable knowledge from generation to generation. As in Buginese who lived at the southern part of the island of Sulawesi has such as knowledge that was named “Pananrang†or “Lontara Laongrumaâ€. The Pananrang was a knowledge developed based on lunar system (qamariah) as a reference for the farmer in estimating the season, time of planting and so on. The pananrang used as source of information in this article owned by a well experince and knowlegable farmer in District of Wajo, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It was found that knowledge in panarang was developed based on the principle of regularity of events through 8 years (sipariama) observation. It contain rich of knowledge about farming and other everyday activities in yearly, monthly, and daily time period. It is found that the Pananrang which contains rich knowledge about farming that is still used by majority of Bugineses farmers as source of information in making decision on their farms. It is concluded that the pananrang is valuable and functional knowledge that can be used as a partner for modern scientific knowledge in promoting agriculture development