Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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Reviewing the National Courts in Creating Orderly International Law and Community
Get PDFOrderly international community and international law are determined by a national court. Essentially, the national court must be competent to maintain the balance between the national interest which based on the national sovereignty as well as the provisions of international law within the framework of peaceful coexistence. This article reviews the role of national courts in creating and developing the customary international law. As it turns out in practice, however, it has certain weaknesses, particularly in view of the accountability and legitimacy aspects of its establishment. This purpose could be achieved if national courts were able to maintain a balance between the national interest based on the sovereignty of State on the one hand and the provisions of international law on the other. The function of the national court was to maintain a balance between international law and national law
Understanding Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement: From Hard and Soft Law Perspective
Get PDFTrade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agree-ment interesting to be understood in the perspective of hard law and soft law. TRIPs Agreement justified as hard or soft law by identifying the norms in the TRIPs agreement. Parameter obligation of TRIPs agreement visible implementation and enforcement of agreement norm with full compliance to fourth of the IPR Convention for the State parties is an indicator of unconditional obligation. Parameters precision TRIPS agreement showed formulation of general obligation setting up the implementation of treaty obligations is regulated in detail and the use of â€shall†term in any norm, describe the imperative norm character and shown indicator as substantial limited of interpretation with the parties might not interpreted. Parameter delegation looked explicitly provision of implementation and enforcement agreement that put an obligation on national authorities of state parties through domestic law and its courts. Parameter obligation, precision as well as delegation showed as high indicator that the TRIPs agreement characterized as hard law
The Lack of the Environmental Concern in Indonesia’s Bilateral Investment Treaties
Get PDFIn the modern era, Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are relatively effective to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI). Many countries then eagerly concluded BITs, including Indonesia. Considering the adverse impact of FDI on the environment, most countries then start putting the environmental concern in their BITs, assisting them to prevent and mitigate any adverse impact of FDI on the environment. Indonesia, however, did not follow this measure. This paper then shows the lack of the current Indonesia’s BITs in putting the environmental concern in their provisions. The fact that Indonesia has terminated some BITs becomes a right momentum to start putting the environmental concern in the updated and modified Indonesia BITs in the future. From other countries’ practices, there is evidence to suggest that BITs can and do contain provisions aimed at ameliorating environmental damage caused as a result of FDI within host countries’ territories
Characteristic and Estimated Distribution of Iron Ore in the Bayang Area, Donggala, Central Sulawesi
Get PDFFault trending north-south and NNE-SSW is a weak zone that allows the magmatism in the form of magma intrusion passed through older rocks. Magma intrusion occurred in several phases, namely andesite, diorite, and syenite. Donggala iron ore mineralization as a result of the intrusion is accompanied by contact metasomatism. Boulder is dominated by iron ore (magnetite and hematite) occur along the hills and rivers range from 0.5 to 0.2 m. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the prospect area iron ore carrier rock based on anomaly geomagnetic field laterally and vertically. The results of the magnetic measurements correction value calculation of show strongly anomalous local magnetic field in 2D. The depiction of the model is based on the depth of the approach used by the inversion method which produces a 3D cross-section. The final result of the evaluation of secondary data, geological, geophysical methods of geomagnetic for minerals iron ore around the Damsol sub distric, Donggala, Central Sulawesi province show that the potential iron ore resources ± 21,5 Ha for Area Bayang, and still have spreads constantly to all extents area
40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of Rumbia Schist Complex: New Implications For Timing and Hydrothermal Activity in The Southeast Sulawesi Gold Prospect, Indonesia
Get PDFThe Rumbia Mountains, which in this study named Rumbia Complex is an east-west oriented, composed by a high-pressure/low-temperature, and a medium-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic rocks. The complex is identified as mica schist, glauchopane schist, and green schist. Rumbia Complex known as the location of gold deposits prospects discovered by local communities since 2007. The results of research showed that the metamorphic rocks are as hosts. There are two period of gold mineralization that occurs in this area, namely: 1) Associated with tectonic deformation and metamorphic rocks exhumation as a first period, and 2)  Gold deposits related to post-tectonic as a result of hydrothermal activity in the Rumbia Complex. Radiometric age dating used 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, indicate that the first period of gold mineralization in the Rumbia Complex occurred ≈23 million years ago (MA), and the second period were subsequently overprinting at ≈6.8 million years ago (MA)
The Characteristic of Light Vehicles Emissions at Urban Roads in Makassar City
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the characteristics of HC, NOx, SO2, CO, and CO2 emissions, originating from motor vehicle against vehicle travel time and average speed of vehicles on the main road networks, with heterogeneous traffic situation in the city of Makassar. Location studies conducted on eleven (11) roads, starting from 06:00 am until 20:00 pm. The survey data consists of the vehicle operational characteristics, including engine type, engine size and vehicle life-cycle, where derived from the secondary data. The primary data consists of travel time, vehicle emissions and vehicle speed. The emissions measurements performed with the emissions test equipment (portable measurement system), that is attached to the tool exhaust vehicle condition, moving on a highway with traffic flow heterogeneous situation. The results of the compilation data on vehicle operating characteristics obtained, 51 light vehicle categories with a percentage of 88.14% MPFI and Carburator engine types of 11.86%. The result shows that the amount of CO and CO2 emissions fluctuated over travel time and vehicle speed, while emissions of HC, NOx, and SO2 tends to be constant. The Lowest emissions of CO2 and CO on vehicle speeds ranging between 25-65 km/h and 35-65 km/h. The study results provide be a reference to the next research that is emission factor analysis for 51 light vehicle categories in operation in Makassar City
A Waterproof Ultrasonic Sensing System For Locating Fish In Underwater Area
Get PDFA waterproof ultrasonic sensing system for locating fish using geometric analysis of the position of the fish against the observer. The prototype is a system designed to detect fish and sea depth, the system is integrated with a smartphone hence fish location coordinates can be determined. The system uses sensors ultrasonic waterproof, namely transducer sensor with waterproof specially designed to work under water with the frquency of 200 KHz. The system uses Arduino MEGA2560 as the central performance control system by an additional HC-05 Bluetooth Shield that enables Arduino MEGA2560 communicate with Android smartphones. Android 2.3 smartphone use a GPS device that is connected directly with Google Maps and as an additional display for monitoring the presence of fish and the depth of the sea.The system is designed using the C Arduino programming language and JAVA Android. The experimental results showed the prototype system detects the presence of fish with an accuracy of 84%, and the measurement of ocean depths by percentage error ranges from 5.5% and the smartphone can display the fish location coordinates
Numerical Analysis to Improve Soil Strength Using Bamboo Pile
Get PDFSoil reinforcement methods that is being developed recently. Considering into account the cost of relatively expensive, it is very necessary to try other alternatives that are cheaper and easily available around the construction site, for example the use of a bamboo pile as a soil reinforcement. Bamboo Atter is one kind of plant that grows abundantly in Indonesia and bamboo are very easy to obtain, and the price was relatively cheap. Bamboo does not require a long time to grow and produce great tensile strength. Tensile strength and compressive strength was higher than the bamboo wood is a material that is quite popular in the world of construction. Model testing is made of a steel drum tubes 60cm diameter with a height of 45cm ground soil. The soil very soft clay with high plasticity and swelling index. Tested by loading cell without bamboo reinforcement to know the dimensions of the ground failure at the beginning known reach 1,91mm. Pile bamboo made on actual diameter with varying heights of 10, 20 and 30cm and instilled in the soil models vertically. The results showed settlement can be reduced up to 70% on 5kN load
Experimental Study of Porous Concrete with Addition of Fiber Variations
Get PDFPorous concrete is concrete without fine aggregate and consist of coarse aggregate, cement and water. To improve the mechanical properties of the porous concrete, one of which is with addition of fiber. The fiber material used in this study was obtained from the natural fibers of coconut fibers and artificial fibers that is polypropylene fibers. This study aimed to determine the effect of the natural fibers of coconut fiber and the artificial fibers of polypropylene fibers to characteristics of porous concrete with addition of fiber variations. Characteristics testing of porous concrete which include the percentage of pore volume, volume weight, compressive strength and split tensile strength. This research is conducted in the civil engineering’s laboratory of structures and materials , UKI-Paulus makassar, with a cylindrical specimen with diameter 15 x 30 cm as much 84 specimens with the add ition of fiber 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3 % of the weight of porous concrete. The testing of compressive strength and split tensile strength for porous concrete specimens on age 7, 21, 28 days. Porous concrete test results with the addition of polypropylene fibers showed the largest pore volume is 22.836%. While porous concrete with the addition of coconut fiber, the largest percentage of the pore volume is 25.607%. Weight volume of concrete with the addition of polypropylene fiber highest 1894.787kg / cm3. For weight volume of concrete with the addition of coconut fiber highest is 1823.473kg / cm3. For concrete strength testing, porous concrete value’s with the addition of polypropylene fiber is obtained 13.966 MPa for compressive strength and split tensile strength is obtained 1.793 MPa, while the compressive strength and split tensile strength in the porous concrete with the addition of coconut fiber is obtained 12.096 MPa and 1,911MPa, respectively. With fiber addition into a porous concrete, compressive strength’s value is decreased but the split tensile strength’s value increased with an increased volume of fibers and transform a brittle concrete material becomes more ductile material
Macroeconomic Energy Efficiency Portfolio Model of Indonesia
Get PDFThere has been a decreasing trend in Indonesia’s energy efficiency. Indonesia’s energy efficiency decreased at the annual rate of 1.4 % over the last 27 years from 165.51 per million Btus in 2007. In the absence of initiatives by the government as well as the citizens to improve energy efficiency, Indonesia’s energy efficiency will decline gradually in the next 25 years by around 45.51 %. This study attempts to address this policy problem by providing policy recommendations based on in-depth analysis and evaluation of the policy alternatives