Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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The State’s Obligation to Protect the Individuals Lives from the Consequences of Domestic Violence
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to treat the important aspects, which deal with State’s obligations to protect individuals lives from the consequences of the domestic violence. Thus, domestic violence is a concerning issue, which derives many consequences that sometimes are irreparable. In many cases, the State is obliged to save individuals lives from the effects of the domestic violence. The State will not be held responsible in all the cases for the consequences of the domestic violence. Due to the scarcity of the regulation of all the situations in the normative terms, the judicial practice that considers the cases of the right to live has evolved greatly, such that it has set many standards in case of increased institutional responsibility towards the consequences caused by the domestic violence. Due to a practical elaboration, the paper as a such will focus in the treatment of cases from the judicial practice in the context of the State’s obligation to save individual’s life, whose life is endangered. Furthermore, there will also be an emphasis in the protection of the right to life and the State’s responsibility in relation to the consequences caused by the actions of the third parties
The Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Revaluation of Papua Special Autonomy
Get PDFThe purpose of Special Autonomy for Papua is to resolve the source of the problem in Papua, especially concerning the rights of indigenous peoples. Normatively, the background of local autonomy for Papua is affirmed in Act No. 21 of 2001 on Papua Special Autonomy. The results shows that the recognition and protection of the land rights of indigenous peoples have been set clearly in the national legal system, such as Agrarian Law, Forest Law, as well as in Mineral and Coal Mining Law. However, recognition and protection of indigenous peoples’ rights to land in various legal products is still ambivalent. The essence of protection of indigenous peoples’ rights to land is also clearly regulated in Act No. 21 of 2001 and Perdasus No. 23 of 2008 has put customary law community on ownership of communal land is not the object of development, especially in the field of investment. The customary right and indigenous land which is the property and become an authority on indigenous peoples must be recognized by the government and regional and national communities about its presence. Therefore, the government should strive to protect the customary right through regulation of the Ministry of Agrarian and Land Agency and other laws related to the issue of customary rights, customary lands, indigenous peoples and their authority
Shear Capacity of RC Beams Retrofitted
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to analyze the effect of retrofit on shear capacity; cracks; and failure modes of beams. Four concrete beams reinforced internally with steel and externally with both wire mesh (Ø4,06mm) and SCC (2.5mm) applied to the specimens were tested under three-point bending. The shear failure is initiated by a major diagonal crack within the beam shear span. This diagonal crack extended horizontally at the level of the wire mesh. Results show that SCC with wire mesh is very effective for shear strengthening. Increases in strength of 71.82% for BWS over the BN as control, un-retrofitted beams were noted
Behavior of Optimized Castellated Beam Under Cyclic-Quasi Static Loading
Get PDFCastellation process is one technique for increasing bending capacity for steel construction, especially in beam member. However, there are several parameters should be considered for obtaining an optimal castellated beam, such as opening space opening angle, opening ratio. This paper considered two cases optimized castellated beam which has been done before. Finite element analysis was performed for obtaining the behavior of optimized castellated beam. The previous research revealed that second case optimization was better than the first case optimization but in monotonic loading. Therefore, there must be a study for the optimized castellated beam on cyclic quasi-static loading condition. This study considered two optimized castellated beams subjected to cyclic quasi-static loading on cantilever beam to obtain the behavior of optimized castellated beam. The result shows that the second case optimization performance better than the first case optimization based on peak load and dissipation energy of the beam
EFFECTS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS ON EFFECTIVE AGRICULTURAL TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR FARMERS BY THE BENUE STATE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY IN ZONE C
Get PDFMost agricultural innovations were not sustainably adopted due to incompatibility to social and cultural practices. Based on this proposition, this study was designed to analyze the effects of socio-cultural factors on agricultural training programs for farmers by the Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authorities (BNARDA) for farmers in Zone C. Seven communities were purposively selected due to their unique cultural practices and a total of 118 respondents were randomly selected for the study. Questionnaire was used as tool for data collection. Descriptive statistics and logit regression were used for data analysis. The results show that there were 22 % of respondents aged between 50-60 years, 72 % of them were married and about 60 % had at least secondary educational attainment. Annual income of respondents was between ₦80,000.00 - ₦100,000.00. About 72 % had farming experience of less than 10 years, and 31 % were cosmopolites. The result further shows that fear of ostracization was among the major reasons that inhibit training program participations. The results of logit analysis show that education (-3.3987), gender (2.268), rivers/streams (-.732) and leadership (2.150) were significantly affect training program. It was concluded that farmer who have strong cultural beliefs were responsible for non- participation in the training program. It was recommended that aggressive advocacy program be embarked by BNARDA before packaging a training program for the farmers
Nutritional Value of Putak: Apparent Metabolisable Energy, and Growth Performance
Get PDFTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritional value of putak for broilers. Experiment 1. The apparent metabolisable energy of raw and fermented putak were determined. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates. Total of 64 broilers were randomly distributed to 16 pens. A maize-soybean meal basal diet was formulated and three assay diets were then developed by substituting putak (raw, and fermented, 250 g kg-1, w/w), and maize (500 g kg-1, w/w) of the basal diet. Even though the AME and AMEn values of fermented putak were comparable to that of raw putak and maize, but it was slightly higher than that of raw putak. Experiment 2. Using the AME value of raw putak obtained in Experiment 1, five treatment diets containing 0 to 200 g kg-1 putak were formulated. The body weight gain of broilers fed 150 - 200 g kg-1-1 putak was higher to that of control diet, but it was similar to those fed 50-100 g kg-1 putak. No differences were found in FCR and mortality rate. Feed intake of broilers fed diets containing putak was higher than that of control diet. In conclusion, the AME and AMEn values of putak, fermented putak, and maize were comparable. Putak can be included in broiler diets up to 200 g kg-1 without detrimental effects
Identifying Potential Estate Commodity for Agropolitan Development in Ponorogo
Get PDFAgropolitan development concept appear from the gap with urban development as a center of economic activity and growth in the rural areas as agricultural activity center left. Rural areas with agricultural activities, which are always experiencing decline productivity, on the other side of the urban area as a destination market and growth centers receive overload that led to the discomfort caused by the conflict, crime, disease, pollution and poor sanitation neighborhoods. The specific objective of the study was to identify potential estate commodity in supporting agropolitan development. Getting a plate form agribusiness competitiveness through agropolitan using Location Quotien (LQ) Method. The results show that several comodities namely coconut, cocoa, dairy, red onion, which have a high LQ value. Development agropolitan can improve equitable development refers to agricultural revitalization program, given the selected sector is the basis of community activity
Can Agroforestry Farmers Attain Sustainability? Case of Farmers in Selected Upland Farming Communities in the Philippines
Get PDFThis article is based on the study which investigated the socioeconomic and biophysical conditions of the upland farming communities in the Philippines; identified the development pathways that were undertaken by the upland farmers; and determined level of sustainability of the upland farming communities on the basis of their development pathways. This article argues that agroforestry farmers in upland farming communities in the Philippines can attain sustainability. This argument is based on the study conducted in the three pilot upland communities of the Conservation Farming Villages program in Albay, Ifugao and Negros Oriental, Philippines. From seven focus group discussions (FGDs) with at least 12 participants per FGD for a total of 147 farmers, and farm household survey of 230 upland farmers, research results indicate that agroforestry farmers in the three study sites were smallholders and were cultivating in areas with marginal conditions. There were five development pathways identified. These are monocropping in contour, multiple cropping in contour, agroforestry, agroforestry with non-farm activities, and multiple cropping/monocropping without contour. With the community capitals framework as the theoretical foundation, analysis indicated that the five development pathways contributed to a high level of social, human and political capitals having mean scores of 0.73, 0.55 and 0.54, respectively; a moderate level of physical, financial and natural capital, with mean scores of 0.23, 0.20 and 0.23, respectively; and a very low level of cultural capital with mean score of -0.08. At the community level, on the other hand, research results revealed that the CFV sites in Ligao, Albay and La Libertad, Negros Oriental have almost similar contributions to the sustainability of the upland farming communities, while Alfonso Lista, Ifugao had the lowest. Thus, institutional arrangements with the farmers’ association and the local government units also played a key role in the sustainability of the upland farming communities. These results imply the need for a holistic and collaborative engagement towards attaining sustainable upland farming communities
GATS and International Trade in Health Services: Impact and Regulations
Get PDFThis article is interested in studying the impact of trade agreements on the quality of health services, and the statement of the role of the Ministry of Health to protect the quality of these services. The problems that arise in this study; how the application of GATT on trade in health, and services? This article also includes the impact of international trade agreements on the issue of attracting foreign investments in the field of health, and to clarify the government's ability to maintain the health and political, and the capacity of national health products to compete with foreign products. As pointed out repeatedly in this paper, it is too early to make definitive conclusions regarding the impact of GATS, or the liberalization of trade, in the health sector. Nevertheless, we conclude that although so far only a few countries where trade in health services has a major role, trading as it does –which is not based on the GATS or GATS commitments– and appears to be increasing, GATS agreement provides a framework for international trade in services, including health services, but the actual content and obligations are determined in large part by the national government
The Necessity of ASEAN Competition Law: Rethinking
Get PDFAs outlined in the AEC Blueprint, all ASEAN member states (AMSs) will endeavour to introduce competition policy by 2015. At present 7 (seven) AMSs, namely: Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar have the national competition laws to supervise anti-competitive conduct in the domestic market. But the question is what if happened unfair competition between ASEAN member states, due to the agreement or businesses activities by business actors that harm competition? ASEAN has an ASEAN Regional Guidelines on Competition Policy (ARGCP) that developed by ASEAN Experts Group on Competition (AEGC) as framework for member states to develop its own competition law or policy and as a guideline in measuring that directly affect the behaviour of enterprises and the structure of industry and markets. Regional Guideline is just to help AMSs in increasing of awareness of important policy, not to sustain the competition among ASEAN member countries. Until now there is no ASEAN Competition Law and Institution to oversee competition among ASEAN member countries. In this era, ASEAN economic integration it is a certainty that anti-competitive among AMSs will happen