Hasanuddin University Graduate School: Open Journal Systems
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The Mock Application of the Insolvency Law by the Jordanian Courts: Lessons Learnt from Indonesia
Full text linkJordan is currently going through difficult economic conditions whose features have begun to crystallize clearly since the outbreak of crises and wars in Syria and Iraq. In addition to that, the year 2020 brought with it the unknown to further complicate the Jordanian economic situation. In order to find a comprehensive solution, the Jordanian legislator used some international references, such as the principles of effective systems of creditors’ rights and insolvency issued by the World Bank and the Legislative Guide to the Insolvency Law issued by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) to rescue faltering economic projects or those that are about to stumble. The study resulted in the issuance of the Jordanian Insolvency Law No. 21 of 2018. This paper aims to identify the insolvency standard of the Jordanian courts and its impact on Jordan's economy. By applying a qualitative legal approach, this paper analyses the mock application of the Insolvency Law by the Jordanian courts. It also examines the insolvency standard followed by the Jordanian courts via juridical-normative with descriptive analysis. The finding shows that applying the insolvency law in Jordan is still a theory. Jordanian courts should cautiously extend the scope of insolvency theory for the law to achieve the purpose for which it was issued. Comparing the practice in Indonesia, which has switched from the insolvency test concept to the presumption of bankruptcy, this is a lesson because, in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies will find it challenging to request reports due to uncertain situations. According to the financial aspect, large companies are still good, but companies are reluctant to pay debts. This condition means that if the system used is a bankruptcy test, this case cannot be brought to the Commercial Court, so the court cannot force debtors who are reluctant to pay their debt obligations
Reactor Designfor Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil Catalyzed by CaO Nanocatalyst
Full text linkBiodiesel is an alternative fuel sourced from oil or fat as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels. Biodiesel is a product of the transesterification reaction with the help of a catalyst which serves to speed up the reaction process. Operating parameters used in the biodiesel production process are the operating temperature of 60°C with a pressure of 1 atm and a reaction time of 2 hours with a molar ratio of methanol: oil is 1: 1. The purpose of this study is to design a reactor for the process of biodiesel production using a CaO catalyst. In this study, the reactor design was carried out using the reaction base that had to be carried out by previous researchers with optimized conditions. The results showed that the CSTR design was used as a reactor to react the biodiesel production process with a cooling pad to maintain the temperature because the reaction was exothermic. Based on the design, the CSTR reactor is made of stainless steel with a capacity of 170 m.The dimensions of the reactor had a diameter of 6 m and a height of 6 m with a head thickness of 0.4 in. The stirrer used is a six-blade disk type with a diameter of 2.35 m. This reactor design is promising and has good potential to be used in biodiesel production with easy control of temperature and low operating costs
ICT TOOLS AND THEIR UTILIZATION IN ACCESSING AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN RURAL AREAS OF SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
Full text linkAlthough many studies have been done on ICT usage, most did not explain how effective are some of these ICT tools in accessing not only market information but information on inputs. This article identified the effectiveness of different ICT tools being used by farmers to fetch different information on agricultural activities and other constraining factors that affect the effective use of ICT tools in accessing information apart from socio-economic constraints. The study used structured questionnaires to collect primary data from 360 smallholder farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The study revealed that averagely mobile phone has a mean of 4.29 which was an indication that despite other ICT tools listed for the survey, smallholder farmers in rural area perceived mobile phone more effective in accessing information on agricultural activities. Inadequate human resources, lack of social influence, high cost of repairing, high operation cost, cost of ICTs component, cost of maintenance and problem of theft and general insecurity were other constraining factor that influences ICT use. To reduce some of the hindrance to effective use of ICT especially mobile phone in getting information on new improved varieties which appear to be very important for agricultural sustainability, this study recommends that government and nongovernmental organization should support rural farmer to boost their access to the use of ICT tools. This can be achieved by providing rural farmer with financial aid, subsidizing cost of ICT component as this would reduce the cost of maintaining ICT tools.  Â
e-Tourism, Personal Technology Post-Adoption Behavior, and Sustainable Behavior Intention in Indonesia
Full text linkE-tourism's behavior of e-tourism in minimizing the use of natural resources and costs gives birth to sustainable behavior in the form of environmentally friendly tourism and digital technology. This study aims to examine the effects of technology-based post-adoption behavior by tourists that lead to sustainable behavior. Predictors of technology usage using some of the UTAUT2 models. The survey was conducted in Indonesia on respondents in Manado who obtained as many as 100 participants, which were then analyzed using path analysis. The research findings show that the UTAUT 2 model, namely the relationship between hedonic motivation, price value, and habit, affects sustainable behavior mediated by behavior intention. These findings contribute to the development of technology-based marketing and tourism management. Some limitations, as well as implications, are also disclosed in this article
The Application of Several Organic Fertilizers for Production Increase and Brix Content of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Saccharate)
Full text linkThe tendency of chemical fertilizers used (inorganic) in food crop cultivation farming by the farmers is caused by their practicality. However, the continuous use of chemical fertilizers can damage the crops and their environment, including sweet corn. Sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharate) contains high sugar content because it naturally mutates to a recessive gene that controls sugar conversion to starch in corn endosperm. The purpose of this research were to know the effect of several organic fertilizers on productivity increase as well as Brix content of sweet corn. This research was conducted from June to August 2021 in Waempubbu Village, Amali District, Bone Regency and Laboratory of Food Process, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi. This research used the design of a split plot by using completely randomized design (CRD). The main plot was sweet corn varieties: Talenta (v1) and Bonanza (v2). Meanwhile, the subplot was organic fertilizers which are control (p0), compost (p1), soil ameliorant (p2), compost + soil ameliorant (p3), liquid organic fertilizer/LOF (p4), compost + LOF (p5), soil ameliorant + LOF (p6) and compost + soil ameliorant + LOF (p7). According to the results, the Bonanza variety showed high average productivity, 22.50 tons per hectare.  The treatment of organic fertilizer that reveals the high average productivity is combines compost + soil ameliorant + LOF (p7). The interaction of treatment that reveals the highest productivity is an interaction between Bonanza variety with the treatment of soil ameliorant + LOF (p6), which is 27.07 tons per hectare with Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) value is 1366.67%. The treatment of compost fertilizer + soil ameliorant + LOF (p7) exhibits the content of Brix (10.50%) and becomes the highest productivity
Attacks Against Civilian Objects: An Analysis Under International Humanitarian Law
Full text linkCivilian airports in recent internal armed conflict are being affected by the military operations of state armed forces and non-state armed groups. A review of the recent internal armed conflict in the middle east shows increase attacks on airports, which often disrupts, altogether halts civilian navigation, and increase the risk of being affected despite the fact that international humanitarian law (IHL) does prohibit such civilian objects attack that violates humanitarian law except in certain situations when it became military objectives. Moreover, military use of airport, may not justify any attack and remains prohibited by other IHL principles. Despite the negative use of civilian airports by the military as a justification to legalize attacking airports, IHL framework restricts this practice. States did not enact national prohibitions or restrictions of military use or limit attacks against civilian airports. However, recent armed conflict indicates that states can counter violation of the protections provided to civilian objects while military use by prohibiting military use of civilian airport. This article argues that states should enact and implement the exceptional rules to attack civilian buildings and forbid military use of civilian airports
Identification of Rare Earth Metal Content in Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Coal Combustion of PT Bosowa Energi PLTU Jeneponto Regency
Full text linkRare Earth Metals are the formation of fifteen elements and two other elements, namely scandium (Sc) and yttrium (y). Rare earth metals are known for their presence in coal minerals and coal ash residue from coal combustion at PLTU PT Bosowa Energi. This study aims to determine the rare earth elements in Fly Ash and Bottom Ash. The method stages of this research are sampling at the power plant, sample preparation, and sample testing using the ICP-OES method. Based on the results of the ICP-OES test, six rare earth elements were detected in the fly ash. Bottom ash samples, namely Lanthanum (La), Gadolinium (Gd), Neodymium (Nd), Serium (Ce), Samarium (Sm), and Terbium (Tb). The dominant concentrations of these rare earth metals are La and Ce, while the lowest concentration is Tb. The conclusion of this study is that the content of rare earth elements in fly ash is Lanthanum (La) = 34.20 ppm to 65.10 ppm; Gadolinium (Gd) = 7.30 ppm to 8.10 ppm; Neodymium (Nd) = 7.90 ppm to 27.60 ppm; Serium (Ce) = 30.10 ppm to 96.60 ppm; Samarium (Sm) = 4.50 ppm to 8.00 ppm; Terbium (Tb) = 1.10 ppm to 1.30 ppm. The content of rare earth elements in bottom ash is Lanthanum (La) = 33.50 ppm to 38.10 ppm; Gadolinium (Gd) = 4.80 ppm to 5.90 ppm; Neodymium (Nd) = 7.90 ppm to 27.60 ppm; Serium (Ce) = 10.90 ppm to 11.00 ppm; Samarium (Sm) of 6.40 ppm to 7.00 ppm; Terbium (Tb) = 1.20 ppm to 1.40 ppm
LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET ORIENTATION: A CRITIQUE OF BUDGET POLICY
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the orientation of the budget in the process of preparing and determining local government budgets. The research was conducted by the local government of Gorontalo City. Habermas’s communicative action theory approach as part of the critical approach was chosen as the method in this research to capture the reality of budget orientation in the preparation and determination of local government budgets. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The informants in this study were from BAPPEDA, members of BANGGAR, and several officials from offices related to regional finance as many as 10 people.This study finds that the act of compromise in the communication pattern of local government administration on budget policies is motivated by political interests. Budget policy decisions are dominated by the power possessed by actors to determine budget priorities. Communication practice is characterized by negotiation and compromise and ignores the value of honesty as a prerequisite for validity to fulfill comprehensive aspects of communication competence (truth, accuracy, honesty). Communication that is built only because of interest as the cause of communicative action is not effective. The results of the study show that the shackles of communication harmony are the basis for consideration for making policy changes by prioritizing rationality to gain legitimacy and trust from the public to government administrators
Chinese International Commercial Courts: Overview and Potential Questions Around It
Full text linkPeople’s Republic of China (PRC) established China’s International Commercial Courts (CICC) and became one of the global competitors that offers international commercial dispute settlement service. Basically, the CICC formed to assist the enhancement of the “Belt and Road Initiativeâ€. The formation of the CICC was an important progress in the judicial system of the PRC. The Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of the PRC equips the CICC with the necessary judicial interpretation. This article analyses the establishment of the CICC and its significant features. The goal of this research is to illustrate a detailed overview and thorough research regarding to the CICC. The current work also provides answers to the potential misunderstandings around the CICC. Based on the existing works of distinguished scholars some improvements regarding to CICC is incorporated in the research. The author also provides a comprehensive analysis of the functioning and structure of the CICC
Will Formalities during the Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Malaysia and Selected Jurisdictions
Full text linkMost countries around the world have entered the endemic stage of the novel coronavirus after 2 years of battling with the soaring rise of infections among the people. As of 1 April 2022, Malaysia, a country which has one of the highest rates of infection per capita in Southeast Asia, has entered the endemic phase of Covid-19. For a will to be valid in Malaysia, the formalities in the Wills Act 1959 (Revised 1998) must be strictly conformed to. A slight deviation from the formalities would render invalid the will that conveys the testamentary intention of the testator. The Covid-19 pandemic has raised several issues including issue of mobility, making wills difficult to be validly executed in accordance with the Wills Act 1959. Even though Malaysia has moved on to the endemic stage, the pandemic of Covid-19 has clearly shown the inadequacy of Wills Act 1959 to serve in the changed and ever-changing world. This paper adopts the doctrinal legal research method by analysing the existing laws in Malaysia and comparing with other jurisdictions such as Australia, United Kingdom, and the United States of America, in considering the necessary reforms in order to uphold the testamentary intention of the will despite the need for formalities, to cope with future unprecedented events. This includes allowing remote execution, adopting electronic wills and electronic signatures in the execution of wills, and introducing dispensing powers. Reforms to the Wills Act are necessary due to the challenges encountered in the new norm and also in light of the rapid technological advancements that the world has undergone