Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED PROPERTIES OF HEAVY SOIL AT DIFFERENT TILLAGE
Get PDFBetween 2006 and 2010 at the Experimental place of Slovak Agricultural Research Centre – Institute of Agroecology Michalovce a field experiment took place on heavy Gleyic Fluvisol. The effect of various tillage of soil on soil physical properties was researched. Three soil tillage technologies were studied as follows: conventional tillage – it is traditional tillage with plowing; minimal tillage – soil before sowing was prepare by using skive plough-harrow; no-tillage – it is direct sowing without plowing. Field treatment was carried out in natural conditions without irrigation. Physical properties of Gleyic Fluvisol were determined from undisturbed soil samples taken once a year in spring (14-day after sowing of spring crops). Topsoil was sampled in cylinders of 100 cm3 in depth 0.0 – 0.3 m with four replications. Soil bulk density total porosity and maximum capillary capacity were determined. For modelling of the development of soil parameters the trend analysis was used. The development of the trend component was expressed by equation y = a + bx. The trend lines can be assumed as the major trend of the development of selected soil parameters. On Gleyic Fluvisol at direct sowing without ploughing (no-tillage) we ascertained higher bulk density and lower total porosity in comparison with conventional tillage and minimum tillage, too. Maximum capillary capacity was relatively equal and ascertained values were typical for given soil type. From evaluation of 5-years time series influenced significant increasing of bulk density under conventional tillage and direct sowing without ploughing and its decreasing under minimum tillage. The total porosity was lower under conventional tillage and no-tillage variants and higher under minimum tillage variant. Maximum capillary capacity was slightly increasing under conventional and minimum tillage systems, but it was no-significant decreasing under no-till system. The soil protective technologies, minimum tillage and also direct sowing without ploughing, are one method for keeping and conservation of the soil fertility. For their successful is needful application as whole the farming system and the continuity of this system is very important. Using of the protective technologies may also contribute to keeping of stability of ecologically sensitive the heavy soils
VYUŽITIE METÓDY CAPS K DETEKCII POLYMORFIZMU REŠTRIKČNÝCH MIEST GBSSI GÉNU MUTANTNÝCH LÍNIÍ LÁSKAVCA
Get PDFThe aim of presented paper was to detect the GBSSI gene. Concretely, the detection of polymorphisms in restriction sites using restriction endonuclease HpaII was performed. Firstly, four parts of the GBSSI gene were amplified in PCR reactions, and then the amplified parts of the GBSSI gene were digested using restriction endonuclease HpaII. The presence of the restriction site 5´CCGG 3´ was confirmed in control genotypes, and in the lines of amaranth exposed to radiation–induced mutagenesis as well. The cleavage in all amaranth mutant lines and their controls, two fragments were cleaved. In the part of the GBSSI gene with the size of 1255 bp – 2725bp (primer GBSSI 1) there were two fragments with the size of 1261 bp and 229 bp; in the part of the GBSSI gene with the size of 1 bp – 1098bp (primer GBSSI 3) there were two fragments with the size of 797 bp and 301 bp; and in the part of the GBSSI gene with the size of 2548bp – 3461bp (primer GBSSI 4) there were two fragments with the size of 215 bp and 692 bp
THE RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A VINEYARD TO WATER AVAILABILITY
Get PDFThe effect of different soil management practices in a vineyard on water availability was studied. In 2006, an experiment of the different soil management practices in a productive vineyard in Rendzic Leptosol was established in the locality of Nitra-Dražovce (Nitra wine-growing area). In 2012, the soil samples were collected from all treatments: 1. G (grass without fertilization), 2. T (tillage), 3. T+FYM (tillage+farmyard manure), 4. G+NPK3 (grass+NPK 120-55-195 kg/ha – 3rd intensity of fertilization for vineyards), 5. G+NPK1 (grass+NPK 80-35-135 kg/ha – 1st intensity of fertilization for vineyards). Obtained results showed that the highest values of soil moisture were determined in T and T+FYM treatments. In G+NPK3, the average value of soil moisture was lower in comparison to other treatments. In the soil profile of T treatment, the highest content of storage moisture (69.5 l.m-2) was observed, however, in the soil profile of G+NPK3, the lowest content (46.9 l.m-2) was determined. In comparison to control (G), the average values of available water capacity in T, T+ FYM, G+NPK1 and G+NPK3 were lower by 13%, 7%, 44%, and 65% respectively. The higher doses of nutrients had a negative effect on values of available water capacity. Soil management practices in the vineyard had a statistically significant influence on values of available water storage; while in T the highest value was observed. In G, G+NPK1 as well as in G+NPK3, this water category was absent. Between soil organic content, its labile forms, and soil moisture negative correlation were observed. Hot-water soluble carbon (r=0.405, P<0.05), quality (r=-0.502, P<0.01) and stability of soil organic matter (r=0.359, P<0.05) correlated with available water capacity. At the same time we determined statistically significant correlation between particle-size distribution and parameters of water availability
Comparison of genetic diversity in dual-purpose and beef Pinzgau populations
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in Slovak dual-purpose (dairy) and beef Pinzgau cattle. Reference population consisted of 3425 living cows (of those 2501 dairy and 924 suckler cows) involved in animal recording. The average number of fully generations traced was 0.99 and 1.17 in dairy and suckler cows, respectively and the average complete generations equivalent was 2.78 in dairy population and 3.19 in beef population. Inbreeding coefficient was computed from three, five, seven and ten generations traced. The results of inbreeding analysis show increasing trend of inbreeding coefficient with increasing number of generations traced taken into account. The average inbreeding coefficient F5 was 0.3599% and 0.1112% in dairy and beef reference populations, respectively. The difference between inbreeding coefficient F3 and F10 was 0.0778% in dairy cows and 0.0537% in suckler cows. The difference between F7 and F10 values was minimal. Overall, inbreeding level in dairy population was higher than in beef population. The average increase in inbreeding was 0.2070% in dairy and 0.0402% in beef population. The effective number of founders, effective number of ancestors and effective number of founder genomes was 210; 82 and 63.49 in dairy population, respectively and 293; 95 and 60.62 in beef population, respectively. These results point out bottleneck effect occurance in given populations. Further population reduction can lead to serious inbreeding problems. Regular monitoring of genetic diversity including inbreeding trends is necessary to use this information in population management
The effect of dietary Rhus coriaria L. supplementation on fatty acids composition in table eggs
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to analyse the effect of Rhus coriaria L. on fatty acids composition in table eggs. In the experiment, there were used laying hens Hy-Line Brown at the age 20 weeks, experiment lasted 21 weeks. Two diets for two hen´s groups (control: C and experimental: E) were used in trial. In control group, hens were fed by commercial total feed mixture, in experimental group the feed mixture was supplemented by Rhus coriaria L. seeds (1 % in feed mixture). During the last week of experiment, eggs of group were collected and after adjustment were analysed for fatty acids. In experimental group of hens was found in egg´s yolk significantly (P0.05) of a higher linoleic acid percentage. The same tendency (P>0.05) was found in γ-linoleic acid. In egg´s yolk from control group of hens were found higher percentage of α-linoleic acid (P<0.05). In arachidic and arachidonic acid, there were didn´t found a effect of Rhus coriaria L. seed supplementation in total feed mixture hen´s diet
The analysis of pork quality affected by diet containing organic chromium
Get PDFThe objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of organic chromium on the parameters of the chemical composition and physical quality of the pork. The control group was fed by standard feed mixture. The mineral-protein dough used in feed mixture for experimental group was enriched by chromium-nicotinate, which made 0.75 mg.kg-1 Cr3+ in the complete feed. In the values of pH1 and pH24 parameter, statistically significant differences between groups were not found. We also found statistically non-significant differences in the indicator of electrical conductivity measured 45 minutes p.m and 24 hours p.m. The value of the drip-loss in % in the control group was slightly higher compared with the experimental group, but the results were statistically insignificant. The value of the CIE L* in the control group was 63.17 ± 4.26 compared with the experimental group where we measured the value 61.29 ± 4.11 which means that the control group had slightly lighter colour of meat. In CIE L * value, we found statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). The value of the Warner-Bratzler shear force in the control group was slightly higher compared with the experimental group, but the results were statistically insignificant. The indicators total water, total protein and intramuscular fat were not affected by organic chromium. We found statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in content of monounsaturated fatty acids in favour of the experimental group
STRUCTURE OF HUMIC ACIDS AS INFLUENCED BY PLOUGH TILLAGE AND MINIMUM PLOUGHING SYSTEM
No full textObjective of this study was to show the effect of different soil tillage systems onto humic substances content and quality. Furthermore chemical composition and structural differences in humic acids molecule in selected tillage systems were assessed. Long-term experiments were carried out on Luvi-haplic Chernozem (locality Unčovice, Olomouc region) during the period 2008-2011. Two types of tillage systems were studied: 1. plough till 0.35 – 0.40 m; 2. minimum loosening till 0.15 m. Humic acids were isolated according to the international standard method and characterized by elemental composition and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Spectrometer Varian INOVA 600 (frequency 150,830 MHz) was used. Results showed differences in quality of humic substances and higher content of fulvic acids in fractional composition under minimum tillage system. Analysis of chemical composition and structure of humic acids indicated higher content of aliphatic groups in HA molecule due to minimum loosening system. On the other hand humic acids isolated from ploughing soil were more aromatic. 13C NMR spectroscopy could be a useful tool to assess changes in structural composition of humic acids isolated from the different eco-systems
Nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of maize silages
Get PDFThe aim of thisstudy was to determine the effect of early hybrids with different FAO number(220, 230, 260 and 280) harvested in milk-wax maturity stage on nutritive valueand parameters of fermentation process of whole plant maize silages. Inlaboratory conditions we conserved maize hybrids without additive in laboratorysilos with volume 4 dm3. After 1 month of fermentation process thenutrient content (dry matter, crude protein, fat, nitrogen free extract, starchand organic matter) and parameters of fermentation (lactic acid, acetic acid,butyric acid, alcohols, active acidity and acidity of water extract) were analysed in the averagesamples. Dry matter content of maize silages ranged from 262.7to 310.5 g.kg-1. Significantly the highest content of dry matter (P<0.05)was found in silages with FAO number 230. Compared to the silages FAO 260 we found thesignificantly higher content (P<0.05)of fat in silages FAO 230. Mentioned silages had the highest content of organicmatter (P<0.05) and starch. Content of lactic acid in maize silages was higher than 10g per 1kg of original matter in all silages. The highest content oflactic acid was found in maize silage FAO 220. The content of acetic acid in allmaize silages did not exceed 20.0 g.kg-1 of DM and the highest content was detected in silages FAO260 and FAO 280. In the maize silages FAO 260 we determined the lowest contentof alcohols and the lowest value of pH
The impact of including rest time between transport and slaughter on the IGF-1 and cortisol concentration in the blood serum of barrows
Get PDFThe aim of our experiment was to observe the differences of IGF-I and cortisol concentrations in the blood serum of pigs when killed immediately after transport and after a 48 hour stay in a slaughterhouse. We tested 24 Large white barrows from one breed with the average weight of 105 kg. The first group went through a 2 hour long transport before slaughter. After being delivered to the slaughterhouse, the barrows were killed immediately. After transport, the second group was stabled for 48 hours in a stabling space near the slaughterhouse and the barrows were killed after that. There were 12 animals in each experimental group. Blood samples were taken immediately after slaughter. We used the ELISA method to determine IGF-I and cortisol concentration in the serum. The IGF-I concentration in the serum was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the barrow group that was killed after the 48 hour stay in the stabling space near the slaughterhouse, as opposed to the barrow group that was killed immediately after transport. The cortisol concentration in the serum of both experimental groups did not display significant differences. Our results indicate that stabling animals in a waiting stabling space near the slaughterhouse can cause a long-lasting stress instead of relax
Effect of GnRH (Lecirelinum) on some quality parameters of rabbit ejaculate
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two concentrations of GnRH in insemination doses on selected quality parameters of rabbits ejaculate in vitro. Insemination doses (ID) were diluted to a concentration of 50 x 106 spermatozoa in ID (0.5 ml). Subsequently ID was divided into 3 samples (control - C, experiment 1, experiment 2). Implementor GnRH (Lecirelinum – commercial product Supergestran, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, the Czech Republic) was added to experimental insemination dose samples at concentrations as follows: experiment 1 to 0.2 ml (5 mg) GnRH / ID and experiment 2 to 0.3 ml (7.5 mg) GnRH / ID. Experimental samples were compared with the control sample. For the assessment of spermatozoa motility the CASA (Computer-Assistend Sperm Analysis) system SpermVision (MiniTüb, Tiefenbach, FRG) with a microscope Olympus BX 51 (Olympus, Japan) was used. Monitored spermatozoa parameters were motility (%), progressive motility (%), velocity (μm/s), curvilinear velocity of motility (μm/s) and beat cross frequency. In experimental samples (experiment 1, 2) increase of the spermatozoa motility values was detected in time periods of 1 and 3 hours (1 hour – C: 47.30 ± 7.99%, experiment 1: 86.39 ± 5.60%, experiment 2: 72.48 ± 3.80%, 3 hours – C: 57.09 ± 23.36%, experiment 1: 89.42 ± 2.41%, experiment 2: 63.92 ± 12.65%) and decrease over a period of 6 hours (C: 64.65 ± 8.60%, experiment 1: 35.26 ± 5.22%, experiment 2: 50.08 ± 8.27%). Progressive spermatozoa motility within time periods of 1 and 3 hours showed a similar trend as spermatozoa motility (1 hour – C: 30.50 ± 7.35%, experiment 1: 79.18 ± 6.58%, experiment 2: 59.85 ± 6.03%; 3 hours – C: 42.06 ± 22.69%, experiment 1: 82.31 ± 3.64%, experiment 2: 44.45 ± 12.01%) and decreased over a period of 6 hours (C: 56.34 ± 8.88%, experiment 1: 23.36 ± 5.95%, experiment 2: 39.07 ± 11.17%). Spermatozoa curvilinear velocity in experiment 1 reached after 1 hour 82.26 ± 4.47 μm/s, after 3 hours 68.40 ± 3.20 μm/s, after 6 hours 58.21 ± 3.89 μm/s; in experiment 2 was after 1 hour 62.00 ± 4.33 μm/s, after 3 hours 44.37 ± 9.19 μm/s and after 6 hours 52.73 ± 9.10 μm/s, in control group after 1 hour 71.86 ± 8.19 μm/s, after 3 hours 62.35 ± 7.89 μm/s and after 6 hours 73.93 ± 8.18 μm/s. Lower concentration of the implementor (1 to 0.2 ml GnRH / ID) increased level of motility, progressive motility, velocity and curvilinear velocity of motility in the time period 1 and 3 hours after GnRH implementor application compared with the control sample. In 6 hours after application only lower changes of monitored parameters has occurred. The effect of GnRH under in vivo conditions may vary significantly comparing with results obtained in vivo