Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
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Egg quality of gene reserve czech golden spotted hens
No full textDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.03.84–86Received 16. May 2014 ǀ Accepted 11. July 2014 ǀ Available online 27. August 2014In Czech Republic, there are two national poultry breeds, Czech Goose and Czech Golden Spotted Hen (CZH), which are under governmental project of gene reserves. In 2012 there were less than 220 CZH both males and females in this program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the egg quality of CZHs included in the project of gene reserves kept in International Poultry Testing in Ustrašice.Four flocks of CZHs of four different breeders’ origin were used in the observation. They fed the same diets and they were the same age. Eggs for measurement egg quality were collected each two months 30 per flock from December to January next year.The egg weight ranged from 57.0 to 58.0g (P>0.05). The eggshell strength was relatively high, in all flock higher than 35N, and the differences among the flocks were no significant (P>0.05). Significantly darker eggshell color expressed as SCI was found in one flock in comparison with the others (P0.05). The weight of yolk was higher than 18g in all flocks. The yolk proportion was significantly (P<0.05) lower in one flock (31.2%) in comparison with the rest of flocks (from 32.2 to 32.9%).Although the egg production in Czech Golden Spotted hens is very unbalanced, the egg quality is very consistent. At feeding the same diets there were no significant difference among the flocks in majority of observed characteristics. Advantage of the eggs is high weight of yolk and consequently yolk proportion.Keywords: egg weight, eggshell color, yolk proportio
SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN EUTRIC CAMBISOLS
Get PDFThe work is focused on the valuation of the impact of relief on the difference values of the chemical parameters of Eutric Cambisols, and to specifying correlation between observed properties of soils. The soils samples were collected in the autumn 2011 in the central part of Slovakia, on the neovulcanites of Kremnické vrchy Mts. We determined soil pH, the total content of organic carbon, the content of labile carbon, the content of potentially mineralizable nitrogen, the content of inorganic form of nitrogen, the sum of basic cations, the cation exchange capacity, hydrolytic acidity and base saturation. The values of soil pH in the monitored soil type were in the range from 6.3 to 7.2, the content of humus in the range 1,51 to 6.76%, the ratio of labile forms of carbon and nitrogen in the range from 15.53 to 80.92. When we observed the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil samples we found out that the content of nitrate nitrogen was 1.5 times (54.5 %) bigger on the slope and 1.1 times (10.5 %) bigger on the plain then the content of ammonium nitrogen.In statistical assessment of the variability of soil chemical parameters regard to selected types of relief (plain, slope) we found out a significant difference between the content of organic carbon (p = 0.021) and also the content of labile forms of carbon and nitrogen. The values of chemical parameters of soil were not affected only by shapes of relief, but also by higher level of groundwater. Positive relationship was found between the content of organic carbon and labile form of nitrogen in the soil samples (r = 0.747; p < 0.01). We also found a positive correlation between the content of labile forms of carbon and nitrogen (r = 0.600; p < 0.05)
Morphological changes of oviduct in postnatal development and in oestrous cycle of heifers
Get PDFThe aim of the work is to describe microscopic and sub-microscopic changes of oviduct of 40 heifers of Pinzgau breed in post-natal development (3rd, 6th and 9th month of age) at subclinical experimental hypoglycaemia (the value of glucose in blood plasma was 1.9-2.2 mmol) and in oestrous cycle. The oviduct samples for histological study were gained by vivisection from three parts of oviduct. Samples were fixed for LM in formaldehyde and for SEM and TEM in glutaraldehyde paraformaldehyde. Subsequently they were processed by usual method which is use in laboratory for Lm and electronmicroscopical studies. We discovered progressive changes in the length of oviduct in post-natal period (+7.9cm up to 9th month) and in comparison with sexually mature animals retarded growth at hypoglycaemic 15 months old heifer (18.0±1.8cm). The length of oviduct in cycling heifer varied depending on the stage of cycle (21.7±1.9 in diestrus or 24.8±2.5 in oestrus). At the same time we have discovered progressive changes in relative volume of epithelium during development depending on the part of oviduct and age. This volume was on the level of 3rd – 6th month of age at hypoglycaemic animals. The most significant changes were observed in ampulla and infundibulum during the development as well as during oestrous cycle. The same tendencies were observed as representation and character of epithelium cells. There were no ascertained significant changes between ciliary and secretory cells, with the exception of hypoglycaemic heifers. This cannot be assumed about these cells during oestrous cycle. In their representation there were hormonal changes regulating individual stages of cycle. The sub-microscopic changes of cells in post-natal development as well as in oestrous cycle were also described. The energy deficit appeared in retardation of growth and development changes at animals with subclinical form of hypoglycaemi
THE EFFECT OF OREGAMI AETHEROOLEUM AND EXTRACTS OF BEE PRODUCTS ON THE YOLK QUALITY OF TABLE EGGS
Get PDFThe aim of the experiment was to analyze the effect of certain feed additives on the egg yolk quality characteristics of laying hens hybrid Hy-Line Brown under controlled conditions. Laying hens (n=40) were randomly divided into four groups with the same number of hens per group (n=10). In the first group there were hens fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. The second group was fed with complete compound feed enriched with Oregami aetherooleum. In third group there was propolis extract added and in the fourth group there was a supplement of pollen extract. All groups of hens were fed ad libitum. The average value of the yolk weight was found significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fourth group than in the second one, the yolk index value was significantly higher in the third group compared to the second one. There was significantly (P<0.05) higher average value of the yolk colour in the second group compared with the fourth one. In all experimental groups and characteristics there was statistically significant (P<0.05) dependance on the actual part of the laying period
ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY VALUE OF SOWS COLOSTRUM
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the gross energy (GE) of sow colostrum in different sampling times and find out how time affects the GE of sow colostrum. Colostrum samples were collected at every hour from the beginning of farrowing to the 12th hour. Then, the samples were analyzed for GE, dry matter, crude protein, fat and lactose. We detected the highest GE of colostrum soon after the beginning of farrowing: 5.30 MJ.kg-1in the 1st hour, 5.48 MJ.kg-1 in the 2nd hour and 5.38 MJ.kg-1 in the 3rd hour. The lowest GE of colostrum was detected in the 11th hour (4.90 MJ.kg-1) and the 12th hour (4.88 MJ.kg-1) after the beginning of farrowing. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between the times of sampling and the gross energy concentration in sow colostrum
The effect of different doses application of dry granulated vermicompost on yield parameters of maize and potatoes
Get PDFBoth pilot experiments were carried out in the district of Veľký Krtíš. The experiment with maize was realized on loamy Luvisol (cadastre Opatovská Nová Ves), characterized by a medium Nan, conforming P, good K content and neutral pH. The experiment with potatoes was realized on loamy Fluvisol (cadastre Malá Čalomija) characterized by a medium Nan, very low P, good K content and neutral pH. The experimental site has a warm climate, with the warm and dry subarea and with mild winters.In the experiment with maize grown for grain were 4 treatments established – a control treatment and three treatments with dose increasing of granulated vermicompost (4.6; 9.2; 11.6 t.ha-1, respectively), which supplied 57, 114 and 142 kg.ha-1 total nitrogen to the soil, respectively. The experiment was not irrigated.The experiment with potatoes included 7 treatments of fertilization. The first treatment was a control treatment, i.e., without the appliance of dry granulated vermicompost. In treatment 2 to 6 increasing doses of vermicompost (3.3; 6.6; 9.9; 13.2 and 19.8 t.ha-1, respectively) were applied. Through the following doses of granulated vermicompost were applied to the soil 40, 80, 120, 160, 240 kg.ha-1 N. Not only was the granular vermicompost applied in treatment 7, but also the industrial NPK fertilizer (150 kg urea + 200 kg.ha-1 NPK 15-15-15).The pre-sowing application of granulated vermicompost was significantly influenced the grain yield of maize, starch content in the grain, a thousand kernel weight and content of five observed macroelements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). The grain yield was increased with the dose increasing of vermicompost. A thousand kernel weight, starch content and magnesium content parameters with the increasing dose of vermicompost were reduced. A dose of 4.6 t.ha-1 vermicompost seems like the most appropriate for the parameters of a thousand kernel weight, starch and magnesium content.The increasing doses of vermicompost significantly increased the yield of potato tubers, starch content and dry matter content in tubers. The application of granulated vermicompost reduced vitamin C content in potato tubers. The use of fertilizers resulted to increasing the nitrate content in potato tubers however the application of granulated vermicompost has increased the contents of nitrates to a lesser extent than the joint application of NPK fertilizer and granulated vermicompost
Assessment of genetic diversity using characteristics based on probability of gene origin in Slovak Spotted breed
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the diversity characteristics based on probability of gene origin in Slovak Spotted breed. The animals were divided into 3 groups by breed types: group S0 where the ration of the other then Slovak Spotted breed was ˂ 12.5%; group S1 =12.5 - 25%; group S2 = 25-50%. The reference population of these groups consisted of 17355; 6251 and 12683 individuals, respectively. The pedigree information was available from the Breeding Services of the Slovak Republic, s. e. Total number of founders (f) ranged from 10484 for the S1 to 20402 for the S2, the effective number of founders (fe) ranged from 265 for the S0 to 507 for the S2, the effective number of ancestors (fa) ranged from 69 for the S0 to 112 for the S2 and founder’s genome equivalent (fg) ranged from 41.71 for the S0 to 70.75 for the S2. The most important ancestor EGE 003 originating from Slovakia explained 5.30 % of genetic diversity in purebred Slovak Spotted population. The results derived from probabilities of gene origin indicate, that the genetic diversity within each group was still relatively large
The influence of mycorrhizal preparations on the growth and production process of turf under non–irrigated conditions
Get PDFThe aim of this experiment was to determine the influence of mycorrhizal preparations on chosen indicators of the growth and production process of turf. The experiment was realized in the Experimental station of the Department of Grassland Ecosystems and Forage Crops FAFR SUA in Nitra in warm and dry conditions. Four indicators were evaluated: the average height of vegetation, the average daily gain of turfgrass height, the production of dry above-ground phytomass and the average daily gain of dry above-ground phytomass. In the experiment, 4 treatments were evaluated (1. no mycorrhizal preparation 2. the mycorrhizal preparation Turfcomp®, 3. the mycorrhizal preparation Symbivit®, 4. the mycorrhizal preparation Conavit®). The results showed that the lowest rate of the daily gains was detected after the application of the mycorrhizal preparation Symbivit® (4.06 mm.day-1). The lowest production was determined in the treatment with the mycorrhizal preparation Turfcomp® (2.40 g.day-1.m-2). In conclusion, we can say that when it comes to turfgrass, Turfcomp® and Symbivit® proved the most successful
THE EFFECT OF SLOWLY ACTING FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF MATURE STRAWBERRY FRUITS
No full textEffect of slowly acting fertilizers on the formation of yield and quality of mature fruits was investigated in the pot experiment with strawberry (variety Darselect). Experiment was established in year 2011 within the areal of Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and consisted of 6 treatments with the same rate of nitrogen (1.65 g per pot) applied through different fertilizers. The 1st treatment: unfertilized control, 2nd treatment: quickly soluble fertilizer Duslofert Extra (DE), 3rd treatment: slowly acting fertilizer Duslocote (DC), 4th treatment: Duslocote with microelements, 5th treatment: mixture of DE (20%) and DC (80%), 6th treatment: application of urea-formaldehyde condensate. The highest yield of mature strawberry fruits (643,35 g/pot) was harvested from treatment 4 fertilized by Duslocote with microelements. Content of nitrates in fruits fluctuated from 56 to 65 mg.kg-1 of fresh matter. Significantly lower content of NO3- (37,5 mg.kg-1) was found out in treatment fertilized by urea-formaldehyde condensate. With vitamin C as well as with sugar content the best results were achieved in treatment fertilized by mixture DE+DC; and were statistically significant in comparison to other fertilizer treatments
USE OF "MODERN" SOIL ORGANIC MATTER PARAMETERS FOR STUDYING OF ITS CHANGES IN AGGREGATES UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN A VINEYARD
No full textThe effect of different soil management practices on the changes in soil organic matter was evaluated according to “modern” parameters such as: lability index (LI), carbon pool size index (CPI) and carbon management index (CMI). In 2006, an experiment of the different management practices in a productive vineyard was established in Rendzic Leptosol in the Nitra-Dražovce locality. During the years 2008-2011, the soil samples were taken from following treatments: 1. O – (tillage), 2. O+MH (tillage+farmyard manure), 3. TTP (grass without fertilization), 4. TTP+NPKS3 – 3-rd degree of fertilization intensity for vine, and 5. TTP+NPKS1 – 1-st degree of fertilization intensity for vine. Obtained results showed that in O treatment, the highest values of LI and the lowest values of CPI in all size fractions of water-stable aggregates were determined. Lower values of LI were in water-stable micro-aggregates than in macro-aggregates. Overall, soil organic matter in water-stable micro-aggregates was stabile and doses of nutrients in 1-st intensity of fertilization for vine can have positive effect on carbon sequestration. On the other hand, higher doses of nutrients (3-rd degree of fertilization intensity for vine) due to indirect mechanisms (higher biomass) can increase organic matter concentration in water-stable macro-aggregates of size 0.25-1 mm