Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
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Pedigree analysis of Thoroughbred horses in Slovakia
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.04.122–126Received 14. April 2014 ǀ Accepted 17. July 2014 ǀ Available online 24. November 2014The aim of this paper was to evaluate the breeding population of Thoroughbreds in Slovakia by means of pedigree analysis. Examined population consisted of 123 mares and 10 stallions registered in Slovak Stud Book. Three stallions linked to Nasrullah line (30%) and 2 stallions linked to Northern Dancer (20%) and Native Dancer (20%) lines. Over a half of mares were represented by Northern Dancer line (50.41%). The 64 mares had Slovak rating mark, 21 mares had German GAG, 3 mares had Swiss GAG, 3 mares had Czech GAG and 1 mare had Austrian GAG. The 31 mares had no own performance results. The average Slovak rating was 61.51 kg. There were 10 animals (15.63%) with underaverage performance, 43 animals (67.18%) with average performance and 11 animals (17.19%) with above-average performance in population of mares with Slovak rating. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.86% in whole reference population (133 individuals) and increase in inbreeding per generation was 0.17%, in stallions 0.25%. The number of founders in investigated population was 949. The effective number of founders was 202, while the effective number of ancestors was 67. These results point out unbalanced contributing of founders and ancestors into reference population as well as the bottleneck effect occurance. The Northern Dancer (CAN) was the most important ancestor in investigated population with individual contribution IC=7.88%.Keywords: genetic diversity, inbreeeding, pedigree analysis, racing, Thoroughbred
Dynamics of occurence of dominant species Pseudoophonus Rufires (De Geer, 1774) and Poecilus Cupreus (Linn., 1758) depending on the application of organic matter into the soil
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.01.30-35Received 13. February 2014 ǀ Accepted 10. March 2014 ǀ Available online 8. April 2014The aim of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of the occurence of dominant species Pseudoophonus rufipes and Poecilus cupreus, belonging to the family Carabidae (Coleoptera), during the years 2004-2009, on the locality Kolíňany, by the method earth traps, which were exposed in the five variants with application of organic fertilizers: 1st variant- control variant ; 2nd variant- 25 t.ha - 1 of the manure ; 3rd variant- 50 t.ha- 1 of biosludge; 4th variant- 50 t.ha - 1 of the manure; 5th variant- 100 t. ha- 1 of biosludge. Every year the traps were exposed in different crops: 2004- Helianthus annuus; 2005– Beta vulgaris; 2006- Zea mays; 2007- Beta vulgaris; 2008-Hordeum vulgare; 2009- Helianthus annuus. Altogether there were trapped 105 654 exemplars of epigeic groups. From the above mentioned 60.396 exemplars belonged to the order Coleoptera, of which the family Carabidae represented 51.932 exemplars. As the dominant species were Pseudoophonus rufipes with abundance 39.432 exemplars and Poecilus cupreus 1.560 exemplars. The abundance of Pseudoophonus rufipes ranged from 304 to 3.384 exemplars, maximum abundance was recorded in 2009 (11.868 exemplars) in sunflower crop. Minimum frequency was recorded in 2005 (2.920 exemplars) in sugar beet crop. Based on the statistic evaluation the dependence of Pseudoophonus rufipes on climate factors was highly significant (P 0.05). Based on the evaluation of specific identity (58.06 to 78.57 %) the ecosystem can be viewed as an significantly influenced by anthropic activity.Keywords: bioindicators, Carabidae family, Coleoptera order, organic matter, soil organism
The effect of serine protease on broiler growth and carcass quality
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.03.87–89Received 22. May 2014 ǀ Accepted 9. June 2014 ǀ Available online 27. August 2014The experiment was performed to compare the influence of commercial serine protease in broiler grower diets with standard crude protein (CP) and lower CP level on growth parameters and carcass quality. One thousand three hundred twenty 1-d-old Ross 308 broiler chicks of both sexes were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments each with three replicates (4x3x110). Diets with two levels of CP (21.1 and 20.4%) with and without protease were used. At the end of the experiment 36 birds from each treatment were randomly chosen for carcass quality measurement. Results of the experiment showed that supplement of serine protease to the diets did not have (P>0.05) significant effect on growth performance, but in lower CP diets improved both final body weight (1837.8 g vs. 1854.9 g) and FCR (1800.7 g/kg vs. 1785.2 g/kg). The supplement of protease to the diet with lower CP had positive significant effect (P<0.05) on carcass yield (71.9 vs. 73.0%). Serine protease supplementation had positive but not significant effect mainly on live weight and FCR in the diets with lower CP level.Keywords: crude protein, chicken, carcass yield
Weed control in Sunflower (Heliantus Annus L.) on the interface of agro-climatic conditions of maize and sugar beet growing region
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.04.115–121Received 30. June 2014 ǀ Accepted 1. October 2014 ǀ Available online 24. November 2014In the experiment, we focused on the occurrence of weed density and weed diversity, in maize and sugar beet growing region and the effectiveness of herbicide treatments on field experiment performed on site Santovka and Plavé Vozokany in canopy of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in 1998 – 2000. Plavé Vozokany site is located in the southeastern part of the district Levice in maize growing production region. The average daily air temperature in the region is a 9.6 °C, and the annual amount of rainfall represents 604 mm and 330 mm during the growing season respectivelly. Santovka, the second experimental site, is located in the northeastern part of the district of Levice in sugar beet growing region. The average daily air temperature in the region is 9.2 °C and the annual amount of rainfall represents 637 mm and the annual amount of rainfall during the growing season is a 354 mm. Actual weed infestation was carried out by the numerous method with a five replication on the control treatments (without herbicide application), as well as on the areas treated with herbicides. The occurence of weeds in sunflower was assessed for 3 times per growing season. The evaluated sites were infested on the level of high weed infestation. The total abundance of weeds without herbicidal treatments ranged from 39.62 pcs to 63.50 per m-2. Herbicides application effectively decreased the weed infestation in range from 3.13 pcs to 14.81 pcs per m-2. The most dominant weed species in the canopy of sunflower was group of one year late spring weeds as fallows: Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus - galli (L.) P. BEAUV, Persicaria lapathifolia RAF. S. F. GRAY, Persicaria maculata RAF. S. F. GRAY, Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Atriplex sp.. Another most abundant weeds species designated as very dangerous species were Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) SCHULTZ-BIP., Avena fatua L., Elytrigia repens (L.) DESV, Cirsium arvense (L.) SCOP. and Convolvulus arvensis L.. In pursuing the weed species diversity in Plave Vozokany site, we found medium dependence on air temperature during the year (r= 0.363427), and indirect dependence with rainfall pattern (r= -0.08196). The average weed density was in the indirect dependence on the air temperature (r= -0.98317), but strongly dependent on rainfall (r= 0.889926). Higher weed infestation was noted in the growing years when early spring to early summer was warm and humid. Lower weed infestation was noted when this period was dry. Differences in overall weed infestation, as well as the effectiveness of the used herbicides between experimental sites were at the same level of importance.Keywords: sunflower, herbicides control, weed density, weed diversit
Sedobassia sedoides (Pall.) Freitag & G. Kadereit in Slovakia: native species or alien weed?
Get PDFThe paper is aimed to explain occurrence and origin of Sedobassia sedoides in Slovakia because data presented in literature are not clear and complete. During our research, the occurrence of Sedobassia sedoides was confirmed in the Slovak flora on two reliable documented sites (Lednické Rovne, Bíňa) and one questionable location (Iliavka). Our research has confirmed that the species must be regarded as casual aliens in the Slovak flora. Except cultivation in botanical garden of Lednické Rovne at the beginning of 19th century, the first occurrence was documented in 1872 in ruderal habitat of the Bíňa village. The distribution map is also presented
The impact of vermicompost application on the yield parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) observed in selected phenological growth stages (BBCH-SCALE)
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.04.100–108Received 30. April 2014 ǀ Accepted 7. July 2014 ǀ Available online 24. November 2014The impact of vermicompost application was assessed in a pot experiment carried out in a vegetation cage located in the area of the SUA in Nitra. The model crop was grain maize. Treatment 1 was a non-fertilized treatment. In treatments 2 and 3, vermicompost was applied in autumn at the same dose of 170 kg.ha-1 N. In treatments 4 and 5, vermicompost was applied in spring at the same dose of 170 kg.ha-1 N. In treatments 3 and 5, nitrogen was applied as the fertilizer LAD at dose of 60 kg.ha-1 N. The highest yield parameters were found in treatment where vermicompost was applied in spring with the addition of the LAD. In the treatments, in which industrial nitrogen was added, yield parameters were affected significantly more positively than in the treatments where only vermicompost wasapplied. Spring application affected yield parameters significantly more positively than the autumn application. The highest N content in the phytomass was found in the same treatment, where was found highest yield parameters of plants. The addition of the fertilizer LAD had a depressing effect on the P and K content in phytomass. The autumn application of only vermicompost influenced the P and K content more positively than the spring application. The addition of the LAD fertilizer had a positive effect on the Ca content.Keywords: vermicompost, maize, total chlorophyll, phytomass, macro-elements, phenological growth stages BBCH-scal
Carotenoids and egg quality
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.02.55–57Received 9. May 2014 ǀ Accepted 29. May 2014 ǀ Available online 23. June 2014From the viewpoint of consumers, great emphasis is placed on the colour of yolk. Hens cannot synthesize the pigments and thus the feed mixtures are source of pigments. Moreover, synthetic carophylls are used for colouring effect of yolk, but in this case, the limits must be observed in terms of human health. Therefore, natural alternatives are searched, which will have a similar colouring effect and will not negatively affect the egg quality. Natural sources of carotenoids such as carrot, alga Chlorella, marigold or lutein increase the concentration of health-promoting carotenoids in yolks and increase the quality of eggs. For practical use, there must be taken into account the price of natural sources of carotenoids.Keywords: carotenoids, carophyll, yolk colour, vitamin
Effect of bee poolen in chicken diet on selected parameters of mineral profile
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.03.90–92Received 27. May 2014 ǀ Accepted 6. June 2014 ǀ Available online 27. August 2014The aim of the experiment was to monitor the effect of bee pollen extract on selected parameters of mineral profile (phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorides) of ROSS 308 hybrid chicken broilers (n=196). Chickens were divided into three groups (C, control; E1, and E2 experimental groups). Experimental chickens received bee pollen in feed mixture in various doses as follows: E1 – 400 mg.kg-1; E2 – 800 mg.kg-1. Feeding period lasted 42 days. After 42 days of feeding chickens were slaughtered and blood samples (n=10 in each group) were obtained. The blood serum was separated from whole blood by centrifugation at 3000g for 30 min. The following parameters (phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorides) were determined using automatic analyzer Microlab 300 (Merck®, Germany) and microprocessor-controlled analyzer EasyLite (Medica, Bedford, USA) according to the manufacturers instructions. Mineral parameters were not influenced (P>0.05) after bee pollen treatment. Detailed of the physiological mechanism involved in this should be further investigated.Keywords: bee pollen, broiler chickens, serum mineral parameter
Content changes of assimilative pigments in leaves after fertilizer Mg-Titanit application
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.02.58–64Received 9. May 2014 ǀ Accepted 10. June 2014 ǀ Available online 23. June 2014The impact of the liquid fertilizer Mg-Titanit (MGT) containing titanium on the dynamics of the content changes of the total chlorophyll in the leaves of winter wheat and winter rape was studied in the field small-area trial carried out at the Haplic Chernozem. The trial involved 5 variants. 0 – control, MGT unfertilized variant; 2xTi 0,2 – spraying twice by MGT in the dose 0.2 l.ha-1; 3xTi 0,2 – spraying thrice by MGT in the dose 0.2 l.ha-1; 2xTi 0,4 – spraying twice by MGT in the dose 0.4 l.ha-1, 3xTi 0,4 –spraying thrice by MGT in the dose 0.4 l.ha-1. The fertilizer was used at two or three growth stages: wheat was fertilized at the stages BBCH 29, BBCH 32, BBCH 55 – 60; rape at the stages BBCH 50 – 52, BBCH 59, BBCH 66 – 67. The results proved that in the cultivation of winter wheat the content of the total chlorophyll was increased annually with two applied doses of Mg-Titanit if the spraying was carried out at the growth stage BBCH 32 (the second spraying). The winter rape reacted positively to Mg-Titanit spraying applied at the growth stage BBCH 50 – 52 (first spraying) by the chlorophyll formation in both years of the trial. The third spraying tended to decrease the content of total chlorophyll with both crops and both applied doses of Mg-Titanit in the most cases. In the overwhelming majority of cases the content of the total chlorophyll was higher in the plants treated with the dose of 0.2 l.ha-1 than those treated by the dose 0.4 l.ha-1. The positive impact of Mg-Titanit on the content of the total chlorophyll was carried out by the increase of the amount of both assimilative pigments (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b).Keywords: chlorophyll, fertilizer, titanium, winter wheat, winter rap
THE EFFECT OF DNA ISOLATION IN THE PCR ANALYSIS
No full textThe aim of the presented study was to compare the effect of selected DNA isolation kits - DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN), PowerPlant DNA Isolation Kit (MO-BIO), Isolate Plant DNA Mini Kit (BIOLINE) and the method by Rogers and Bendich (1994) in relation to the quality and purity of the final PCR products. The DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN) and PowerPlant DNA Isolation Kit (MO-BIO) were selected as the most suitable for DNA isolation, because of the high yield of genomic DNA. Isolated DNA was tested in PCR reactions and two types of DNA sequences were amplified - microsatellite DNA sequences and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacers) regions. The PCR products of the highest quality amplify by the ISSR primer and primers for the ITS regions have been detected in the samples containing DNA isolated by protocol Rogers and Bendich (1994) and by isolation kit Isolate Plant DNA Mini Kit (BIOLINE)