Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
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Effect of breed on some parameters of egg quality in laying hens
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.01.20–24Received 24. September2014 ǀ Accepted 16. March 2015 ǀ Available online 31. March 2015The objective of this study was to compare some internal and external quality parameters of eggs between Oravka and Rhode Island Red laying hens. The flocks kept in National Agriculture and Food Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra (RIAP Nitra) were involved in the experiment. The females of both breeds were of the same age (11 months, 5th month of lay). Eggs were collected during three days consecutively (10 eggs per breed and day) and were analysed in the laboratory of Department of Poultry Science and Small Animal Husbandry at the Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. There were 11 females in each group and a total of 30 eggs in each group were analysed. The females were housed in outdoor unheated roofed wooden chicken coop with free range available; fed standard feed ad libitum. The average egg weight was significantly (P≤0.01) affected by breed. Females of Oravka breed were of heavier eggs (60.96 ± 0.56 g) than females of Rhode Island Red (57.60 ±0.76 g). The significant differences were also found in egg width and egg length, however, no significant differences were found in egg shape index. The egg shell thickness significantly differed (P≤0.01) between Oravka and Rhode Island Red (367.78 ±3.12 μm vs. 379.33 ±2.49 μm). The albumen weight was significantly higher in Oravka breed (34.96 ±0.58 g) than in Rhode Island Red breed (32.78 ±0.73 g). No statistical differences were found in the remaining albumen characteristics. However, the slight difference (P≤0.10) was found in Haugh Unit (71.46 ± 1.64 HU for Oravka vs. 74.45 ±1.53 HU for Rhode Island Red). With yolk characteristics, yolk weight and yolk colour significantly differed (P ≤ 0.01) between Oravka breed (19.93 ±0.23 g and 10.60 ±0.09 oHLR) and Rhode Island Red breed (18.61 ±0.20 g and 11.10 ±0.20 oHLR). No statistical differences were found in the remaining yolk characteristics, except for a slight difference (P ≤ 0.10) in yolk index (42.14 ±0.50 % for Oravka and 40.31 ±1.00 % for Rhode Island Red). Keywords: females, Oravka, Rhode Island Red, eg
Weed infestation in the stand of milk thistle and infestation in sustainable crop rotation
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.04.90–94Received 8. September 2015 ǀ Accepted 10. September 2015 ǀ Available online 7. December 2015Milk thistle – Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. can be a winter annual or a biennial medicinal plant. This study was focused onmilk thistle as a weed in the sustainable farming system with the crop rotation of maize for grain, common pea for grain,durum wheat and milk thistle. The assessment of the occurrence of Milk thistle in sustainable crop rotation was conductedat the Experimental Base of Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in the years2013–2015. An actual weed infestation of maize, common pea and durum wheat stands with milk thistle was evaluatedbefore preemergence application of herbicides, in the spring time. Second screening of actual weed infestation of all standsin sustainable crop rotation with milk thistle was done before crops harvest. Screening of each field was made on 1 m2 areawith three replications. The three randomly established sample quadrants were situated minimally 10 m from field marginand apart from each other, respectively. The level of infestation was evaluated according to average density of weeds persquare meter. Obtained data were statistically analyzed by software Statistica 7.0 by Analysis of variance (ANOVA), LSDtest (P = 0.05). According to statistical analyses, in the year 2014 maize stands was infested with the highest and highlysignificant amount of Silybum marianum (7.8 plants per m2). Stands of pea for grain in the second year after milk thistlecropping were infested only with 1.23 plants per m2. Durum wheat stands were infested with 0.96 milk thistle plants per m2.The originality of this paper is in testing the introduction of a new perspective crops in sustainable crop rotation. Milk thistlenot infestation fields within the reporting unit. Dominant weed species in canopy of Silybum marianum are: Echinochloa crusgalli, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus spp. (retroflexus, powelli), Atriplex spp. (patula, acuminate, prostrata), Avena fatua,etc. All dominant weed species belongs to the group of annual early and late spring weeds. Next very dangerous group areperennial weeds Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis and Sonchus arvensis.Keywords: Sylibum marianum L. Geartn., milk thistle, weed infestation, sustainable crop rotationReferencesAFSHAR, R. K. et al. (2014) Interactive effect of deficit irrigation and soil organic amendments on seed yield and flavonolignan production of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.). In Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 58, pp. 166–172.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40003-012-0039-1AFSHAR, R. K. et al. (2015) Potential of Milk Thistle for Biomass Production in Semiarid Regions. In Crop Science, vol. 55, no 3, pp. 1295–1301. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.10.0678BROSTER, J. C., KOETZ, E. A. and WU, H. (2012) Weed species present in cereal crops in southern New South Wales. In Proceedings of 18th Australasian Weeds Conference, 2012, pp. 241–244.CARPINO, S., LICITRA, G. and VAN SOEST, P.J. (2003) Selection of forage species by dairy cattle on complex Sicilian pasture. In: Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., vol.105, pp. 205– 14. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00054-3EDWARDS, N. (2015) Weeds. London: Reaktion Books.HABÁN, M. et al. (2009) Production and quality of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) cultivated in cultural conditions of warm agri-climatic macroregion. In: Hort. Sci. (Prague), vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 69–74.HANES, J. et al. (1993) Characteristics of brown soils on research and experimental basis FA SUA Nitra, Dolná Malanta. Nitra: Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita (in Slovak).HARAGAN, P.D. (2015) Weeds of Kentucky and adjacent states: A field guide. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.KARKANIS, A., BILALIS, D. and EFTHIMIADOU, A. (2011) Cultivation of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) a medicinal weed. In Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 34, no. 1, 2011, pp. 825 – 830. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.027KESHAVARZ, A. R. et al. (2014) Irrigation regime and organic fertilizers influence on oil content and fatty acid composition of milk thistle seeds. In Agronomy Journal, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 187–194. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0368KHAN, M. A., BLACKSHAW, R. E. and MARWAT, K. B. (2009) Biology of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and the management options for growers in north‐western Pakistan. In Weed Biology and Management, vol.9, no. 2, pp. 99–105. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2009.00326.xLEDDA, L. et al. (2013) Biomass supply for energetic purposes from some Cardueae species grown in Mediterranean farming systems. In Industrial crops and products, vol. 47, pp. 218–226.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.03.013MACÁK, M., DEMJANOVÁ, E. and HUNKOVÁ, E. (2007) Forecrop value of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) in sustainable crop rotation. In: 1st International Scientific Conference on Medicinal, Aromatic and Spice Plants (Book of Scientific Papers and Abstracts). Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture, pp. 102–104.MARTINELLI, T. et al. (2015) Phenological growth stages of Silybum marianum according to the extended BBCH scale. In Annals of Applied Biology, vol. 166, no. 1, pp. 53–66. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12163MARWAT, K.B. and KHAN, M.A. (2007) Climatic variation and growth of holy thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.). In: Pak. J. Botany, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 319–327.NASIRI, Y., FEYZI, P. and JAVANMARD, A. (2014) Effects of hydro and hormonal seed priming on seed germination of Milk thistle under saline stress condition. In Not. Sci. Biol., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 374–380.PEPÓ, P. and CSAJBÓK, J. (2013) Integrated Crop Production II. Debrecen: University of Debrecen.SMATANA, J. and MACÁK, M. (2011) Analysis of Cropping Patterns of Medicinal and Spices Plants Growing on Prime Arable Land. In Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 14, no 2, pp. 37–40.SMATANA, J. and TÝR, Š. (2011) Fundamentals of Herbology. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture (in Slovak).SULAS, L. et al (2015) Chemical and productive properties of two Sardinian Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) populations as sources of nutrients and antioxidants. In Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol., no. 3, 12 p. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-015-0251-5ŠPÁNIK, F., REPA, Š. and ŠISKA, B. (1996) Climatic and phonologic conditions in Nitra (1961–1990). Nitra: Slovak Agricultural University (in Slovak).TOBIAŠOVÁ, E. and ŠIMANSKÝ, V. (2009) Quantification of soil properties and their interrelationships affected by anthropic activities. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture.VEREŠ, T. and TÝR, Š. (2012) Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) as a weed in sustainable crop rotation. In Research journal of agricultural science, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 118–122
The effect of biological additive on nutrient composition of grass silage
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.04.106–109Received 7. July 2015 ǀ Accepted 28. August 2015 ǀ Available online 7. December 2015The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of biological additive on nutrient composition of grass silages. The experimentwas realized in practical conditions on the farm RD Klenovec in 2013. Grass mass of permanent grassland was ensiled insilage bags. Laboratory analysis of silage samples were carried out at 8 weeks of fermentation, 6 and 12 months of storage.Into grass silage of experimental group was added biological additive, consisted of mixture of homofermentative andheterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Inoculant included strains Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. Therewere not found significant differences (P >0.05) between the control and experimental group in contents of nutrients inindividual analysis of silage samples. We found higher values of dry matter, crude protein and organic matter, and lowercontent of ash after supplementation of biological additive in all analyzed samples. Tendency of (P >0.05) a higher contentof crude fiber was found after 8 weeks, 6 months of storage and fat after 12 months of storage. There were found significant(P <0.05) differences in contents of NEL after 8 weeks and 12 months of storage and NEG only after 12 months of storagebetween control and experimental samples of silage.Keywords: grass silage, fermentation, inoculant, nutrientsReferencesASTON, K., SUTTON, J.D. and FISHER, W.J. (1995). Milk production from grass silage diets: strategies for concentrate allocation. In Anim. Sci., vol. 61, pp. 465-480. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S135772980001403XÁVILA, C.L.S. et al. (2009) Effect of an indigenous and a commercial Lactobacillus buchneri strain on quality of sugar cane silage. In Grass Forage Sci., vol. 64, pp. 384-394. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00703.xBURKE, F. et al. (2007). Comparative evaluation of alternative forages to grass silage in the diet of early lactation dairy cows. In J. Dairy Sci., vol. 90, pp. 908-917. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71574-6BUXTON, D.R., MUCK, R.E., and HARRISON, J.H. (2003) Silage Science and Technology. Washington: American Society of Agronomy, pp. 305-360.DOLEŽAL, P. and HEJDUK, S. (2002) The effect of inoculation of wilted extensive grassland for silage fermentation process. In Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic Mendel. Brun., vol. L 9, no. 5, pp. 67-74 (in Czech).DOLEŽAL, P. et al. (2012) Preservation of feeds and their use in animal nutrition. Brno: Mendel University in Brno.DRIEHUIS, F. et al. (1999) Anaerobic lactic acid degradation during ensilage of whole crop maize inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri inhibits yeast growth and improves aerobic stability. In J. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 87, pp. 583-594. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00856.xGUO, X.S., UNDERSANDER, D.J. and COMBS, D.K. (2013) Effect of Lactobacillus inoculants and forage dry matter on the fermentation and aerobic stability of ensiled mixed-crop tall fescue and meadow fescue. In J. Dairy Sci., vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 1735-1744. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2045-5786JALČ, D. et al. (2009) The use of bacterial inoculants for grass silage: their effects on nutrient composition and fermentation parameters in grass silages. In Czech J. Anim. Sci., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 84-91.JANČOVÁ, M. (2009) Influence of microbial and microbial-enzymatic preparations on the digestibility and nutritional value of grass silage. Ph.D. Thesis. Nitra: SUA (in Slovak).JANČOVÁ, M. (2014) Conserved forage and their quality: research report. Banská Bystrica: VUTP (in Slovak).JASTER, E.H. (1994) Complex interactions from inoculants, enzymes explored. In Feedstuffs, vol. 66, no. 52, pp. 13-27.LÁD, F. et al. (2006) The influence of silage additives for qualitative parameters of clover-grass silages. In J. Cent. Eur. Agr., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 313-318.MERRY, R.J., JONES, R. and THEODOROU, M.K. (2000) The conservation of grass. In Hopkins A. (ed.). Grass – its Production and Utilization. 3rd ed., Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.PAHLOW, G. et al. (2003) Microbiology of ensiling. In: BUXTON, D.R., MUCK, R.E. and HARRISON, J.H. (eds) Silage science and technology. Madison: ASA, CSSA, SSSA, pp. 31-94.SAARISALO, E. et al. (2007) Screening and selection of lactic acid bacteria strains suitable for ensiling grass. In J. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 102, pp. 327-336. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03103.xSTEINSHAMN, H. and THUEN, E. (2008) White or red clover-grass silage in organic dairy milk production: Grassland productivity and milk production responses with different levels of concentrate. In Livest. Sci., vol. 119, no. 1-3, pp. 202-215. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.04.004 WINTERS, A.L., FYCHAN, R. and JONES, R. (2001) Effect of formic acid and a bacterial inoculants on the amino acid composition of grass silage and on animal performance. In Grass Forage Sci, vol. 56, no. 2, pp.181-192. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00265.xŽÚREK, H. and WRÓBEL, B. (2006) The evaluation of quality and nutritive value of sedge herbage ensilaged in big bales. In 12th International Symposium Forage Conservation, April 3-4, 2006, Brno. Brno: Mendel University, pp.149-151
Production type of Slovak Pinzgau cattle in respect of related breeds
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.02.25–29Received 12. May 2015 ǀ Accepted 6. June 2015 ǀ Available online 29. June 2015The objective of this study was to identify current phenotype of Slovak Pinzgau cattle based on BovineSNP50 v2 BeadChip. Genetic structure of 19 Pinzgau bulls has been analysed using 42 854 autosomal SNPs. To provide preliminary investigation the similarity among individuals belonging to the populations that historically contributed to the breed origin was estimated. The Bayesian approach as effective detection for number of clusters without reference to prior information of the genetic subdivision was used. Assuming populations distribution based on production type (milk and dual-purpose), two clusters have been chosen as a possible division of six observed populations. Based on this assumption, division to two main populations was observed, Holstein population as a representative of milk production type and Simmental population as a representative of dual-purpose type. Systematic selection due to increasing of milk production is apparent. Genetic insight into the Slovak Pinzgau population is a good indicator for monitoring and preserving of this endangered breed in its original phenotype. Further investigation using high-throughpout genotyping data and maintenance of dual-purpose production type is necessary
Impact of Biofortification, Variety and Cutting on Chosen Qualitative Characteristic of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Get PDFDOI:10.15414/afz.2015.18.03.71-75Received 31. July 2015 ǀ Accepted 03. September 2015 ǀ Available online 14. October 2015Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as a member of family Lamiaceae becomes favorite part of human healthy diet because of its food taste improvement properties in combination with its powerful antioxidant beneficial effects, confirmed by even more scientific studies. The aim of paper was oriented to the impact of selenium biofortification on the content of selected qualitative parameters (total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) in dependence on grown variety and term of cutting. Field experiment was led in a botanical garden SAU Nitra in 2014. There were evaluated ´Dark Green´ and ´Red Opal´ varieties in three variants; each variant was carried out in quadruplicate. The first variant was untreated (control). In the second variant, selenium as sodium selenate was foliar applied at a concentration of 25 mg /m2, double dose 50 mg/m2 was applied in the third variant. Total polyphenols were determined by the Lachman´s method and expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent per kg fresh mater (Lachman, et al., 2003). Total antioxidant capacity was measured by the Brand-Williams method using a compound DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-pikrylhydrazyl) (Brand and Williams et al., 1995). The selenium biofortification had significant impact on observed characteristics. It caused increasing of AOA values in ´Red Opal´ variety, in the frame of second cutting. Increasing of AOA was noticed after double dose of selenium in case of ´Dark Green´ as well after the first cut. Application of selenium had significant impact on tested level (P < 0.001) for ´Dark Green´ variety, where values slowly increased from control variant, to 1 x Se dose and the highest were after double dose of sodium selenate. From the variety influence point of view, the ´Dark Green´ variety reached the higher values of AOA in comparison with ´Red Opal´. It was also statistically confirmed dependence of variety on TPC content, when ´Red Opal´ reached higher values of TPC in comparison with ´Dark Green´. Term of cutting had significant influence on TPC and AOA according to used statistical analyzes. The values of AOA as well as TPC were higher in case of second cut. KEY WORDS: basil – selenium biofortification – polyphenols – antioxidant activity
Calculating the Energy Value Meadow Hay - NEL, Based Solely on the NDF and Compared with Commonly Used Calculations NEL
No full textDOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.04.95–98Received 9. July 2015 ǀ Accepted 28. August 2015 ǀ Available online 7. December 2015In our study was compare the accuracy of prediction of the energy value NEL of meadow hay. Predictive equations calculatedfrom the results of our monitoring is NEL = 12.9085 - 0.1276x, where x = the NDF. Values of prediction equation which wecalculated is comparable with the values indicated by the other authors. The great advantage of our prediction equation isthe unpretentiousness of its calculation. Own calculation of NEL requires more analytically determined values. The numberof analysis needed to calculate predictive equations and the time needed for all analysis is in our determination in theprediction of NEL, big advantage. It is further enhanced by lower finance costs.Keywords: meadow hay, prediction of the energy, NEL, NDFReferencesHARRIS B. JR. (1993) Nonstructural and structural carbohydrates in dairy cattle rations. [Online] University of Florida, IFAS Extension. Available at http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00008566/00001/1j. [Accessed: 2015-06-10].ISHLER V., HEINRICHS J. and VARGA G. (1996) From feed to milk: Understanding rumen fiction. [Online] Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. Available at: http://extension.psu.edu/animals/dairy/nutrition/nutrition-and-feeding/rumen-function/from-feed-to-milk-understanding-rumen-function. [Accessed: 2015-06-10].ISHLER, V. and VARGA, G. (2007) Carbohydrate nutrition for lactating dairy cattle: Information and tools to assist in managing dairy nutrition, including resources on forages, pasture, heifers, and calves. [Online] Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. Available at: http://www.das.psu.edu/research-extension/dairy/nutrition/pdf/chonutrition.pdf. [Accessed: 2015-06-10].LINN J. G. and MARTIN N. P., (1999) Forage Quality Test and Interpretations. In: Mendenhall, K. (ed.) 2009. The organic dairy handbook: a comprehensive guide for the transition and beyond. Cobleskill, NY: Northeast Organic Farming Association of New York. Available at: http://www.nofany.org/organic-farming/technical-assistance/organic-dairy . [Accessed: 2015-07-12].MÍKA V. et al. (1998) Forage quality. Praha: UZPI (in Czech).MUDŘÍK, Z. et al. (2006) Foundations of modern cattle nutrition. Prague: CZU (in Czech).NRC (2001) Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle: Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 7th revised edition. Washington: National Reserach Council. NOCEK, J. E. and RUSSELL, J. B. (1988) Protein and Energy as an Integrated System. Relationship of Ruminal Protein and Carbohydrate Availability to Microbial Synthesis and Milk Production. In J. Dairy Sci., vol. 71, pp. 2070-2107. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79782-9POND, W. G. et al. (2005) Basic animal nutrition and feeding. 5th edition. New York: Wiley.SOMMER, A. et al. (1994) Nutrient requirements and nutritive value tables for ruminants. Pohořelice: VÚVZ (in Czech).UNDERSANDER, D. et al. (1993) Forage analyses procedures. Madison: National Forage Testing Association.VAN SOEST, P. J., ROBERTSON, J.B. and LEWIS, B.A. (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. In J. Dairy Sci, vol. 74: 35 pp. 83-3597. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2VENCL, B. et al. (1991) The new evaluation systems for cattle feeds. Praha: AZV ČSFR (in Czech).WEISS, P. H. (2010) Refining the net energy systém WCDS. In Advances in Dairy Technology, vol. 22, pp. 191-202.ZEMAN, L. et al.(1995). Catalog of feeds (tables of feeds nutritional values). Pohořelice: VUVZ (in Czech
Comparison of the Emanox and Sulfacox coccidiostats in broiler rabbit farming
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.01.10–14Received 18. November 2014 ǀ Accepted 16. March 2015 ǀ Available online 31. March 2015The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of two different preparations against rabbit’s coccidiosis - naturally based preparation Emanox and conventional preparation Sulfacox - on selected production indicators. Preparations against coccidiosis were administered in the form of a beverage from weaning (42 days old) until the 60 days old. In the period of 84 days of rabbit’s age average body weight in the Emanox group reached 2673.40 g, while in the Sulfacox group live weight was 2704.73 g. In the Emanox group 4 cases of death was recorded during the fattening, which has occurred within 51 to 66 days of age. In the Sulfacox group only two cases of death were registered at age 53 and 57 days, both caused by rabbit’s constipation. Total feed consumption over the fattening period in the Emanox group was 121.99 kg and the average consumption of the complete feed mixture per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.52 kg. In the Sulfacox group the total consumption of 122.56 kg of feed during fattening period was recorded and average consumption of complete feed mixture per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.21 kg. Preparation Emanox PMX is a suitable alternative to conventional chemical preparations. Keywords: Emanox PMX, rabbit’s coccidiosis, coccidiostats, rabbits fattenin
Application of the RAPD and miRNA markers in the genotyping of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.04.83–89Received 7. July2015 ǀ Accepted 30. September 2015 ǀ Available online 7. December 2015Two types of molecular markers based on randomly amplified DNA by RAPD-based assay and amplified microRNA bymiRNA-based assay were applied for the genotyping of five accessions of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. It was also verifiedthe effectiveness of the isolation of genomic DNA by three commercially available isolation kits and two similar complexmethods and their applicability for this medicinal herb. None of the commercial isolation kits provided the genomic DNAof sufficient quality and quantity. Applied originally designed CTAB method and modified CTAB method for purpose ofDNA isolation from medicinal plants allowed to isolate DNA of required quality and of sufficient yield. RAPD-based DNAfingerprints, allowed to distinguish the individual genotypes of Silybum marianum. MicroRNA-based markers showed thecross-genera transferability potential and displayed sufficient level of polymorphism. Both types of molecular markerscould be used as suitable tool for genotyping of milk thistle. However, because of the size of miRNA amplicons is theefficiency of miRNA-based markers PCR amplifications preferred and consequently less DNA quality-dependent which maybe advantageous in view of the content of undesirable secondary metabolites in medicinal plants.Keywords: molecular markers, RAPD, miRNA, Silybum marianumReferencesABENAVOLI, L. et al. (2010). Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future. In Phytother Res, vol. 24, no.10, pp. 1423-1432.BARVKAR, V. T. et al. (2013). Genome-wide identification and characterization of microRNA genes and their targets in flax (Linum usitatissimum): Characterization of flax miRNA genes. In Planta, vol. 237, pp. 1149-1161.BEJ, S. and BASAK, J. (2014). MicroRNAs: The potential Biomarkers in Plant Stress Response. 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Soybean genotypic differences in sensitivity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to soil dehydration
Get PDFSoybean genotypic differences in sensitivity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation were monitored on the following varieties: Impala (South African Republic), Maverick (USA), Rankoshi No.1h (Japan) and their reactions to the water supply at the beginning of the growth stage R1 and R2 – blooming in an interaction with the Nitrazon inoculation of the seeds before a sowing. Seeding of the particular soybean genotypes was made into the containers whilst 50% of seed corn from each genotype was before the sowing inoculated by the usage of Nitrazon inoculant. Water stress was secured by an irrigation interruption for a 7-day period in the mentioned growth stage. This stress had a negative impact on the relative water content (%RWC) plants, proline content (μmol.g-1Fresh Weight), osmotic potential (MPa), stress index as well as an amount of nodules on the roots by the all monitored varieties. According to an evaluation of the mentioned indicators more significant proline accumulation was confirmed by the genotype Maverick especially by the variant exposed to water deficit (3,25 μmol.g-1FW according to the calculations on 100% RWC) without the inoculant Nitrazon use and inoculating variant 2,99 μmol.g-1Fresh Weight according to calculations on 100% RWC. Genotype Maverick had got the best reaction to water stress and even more noticeable resistance to the stress was monitored in the variant with Nitrazon application in the foregoing seed treatment of soybean seeds. The opposite response to the inoculation was monitored by Impala genotype
Influence of the late harvest period on reproductive spore quality of Burgundy truffles (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)
Get PDFDOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.01.11-17Received 24. January 2014 ǀ Accepted 27. February 2014 ǀ Available online 8. April 2014The work presents new findings about the influence of the late harvest period on reproductive spore quality of Burgundy truffles (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) assessed by microscopic method and by inoculation experiments with hornbeam Carpinus betulus L. seedlings. Carpophore samples from one locality were collected in two terms in each month from November to January. Reproductive quality of spores was assessed by microscopic method. The presence of mycorrhiza on the roots was assessed by morphometric analysis. Quality of spores in winter decreased rapidly. Percentage of plants with Tuber aestivum mycorrhiza in the tested variants ranged from 19.72% (early November) to 2.98% (end of January). In variants with fruiting bodies collected in November observed level mycorrhized roots were statistically highly significant different from variants inoculated by carpophores from January and December. Lower percentage of Tuber aestivum mycorrhiza on root system of hornbeam seedlings in late periods of carpophores collection significantly influenced length of root system, while the length of stems was not statistically significant.Keywords: Burgundy truffle, hornbeam, reproduction quality, mycorrhizatio