Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
Not a member yet
382 research outputs found
Sort by
The C-reactive protein promoter polymorphism of selected rabbits
Get PDFThe polymorphism of rabbit C-reactive protein promoter was investigated in two groups subjected to strict divergent selected rabbits according variation range of live-born kits at least after 3 litters. Difference in CRP plasma level between selected groups was observed on the basis of the sequence accession number NW_003159286 region: 13347320..13352360 available in GenBank, two oligonucleotide primers, rCRP_F and rCRP_R were designed and used to amplify a 501 bp-long fragment containing the CRP gene promoter, 5’UTR region and part of coding sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced. A three single nucleotide polymorphism were detected. High resolution melting analysis was used for genotyping of P and F1 generation. The results showed that HRM curve analysis was capable of detecting variations of 3 bp in PCR products of 501 bp. Results suggests that identified SNPs of rabbit CRP gene promoter may be relevant in the divergent selection of appropriate parental genotypes
Lobesia mating disruption by pheromone mesofiber dispensers
Get PDFLobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a permanently established viticultural insect pest in all vinegrowing countries. According to recent findings, sex pheromones dispensed from electrospun mesofibers serve as environmentally compatible, biodegradable mating disruptants of an innovative type. Their disruptive effects in vineyards last for a minimum of 7 weeks per application, equivalent to one Lobesia flight period. Instead of manual application, mesofiber dispensers offer the advantages of (1) mechanical deployability, (2) hydrolytical and/or enzymatic self-degradability, (3) unnoticeable ecotoxicological impact on nontarget organisms, (4) added savings by reduced handling costs, and (5) a fully "green" approach along the entire process chain from synthesis of the ingredients to biodegradation in the vineyard.Keywords: Lobesia botrana, mating disruption, mesofiber dispensers, sex pheromone, Vitis vinifer
Measuring and evaluating spelt bread texture
Get PDFTexture analysis is an objective physical examination of baked products and gives direct information on the product quality, oppositely to dough rheology tests what inform on the baking suitability of the flour, as raw material. It is the major criterion in assessing the eating quality of bread because of its close association with the consumer´s perception of freshness. During the years 2010–2011 selected indicators for bread texture quality of three Triticum spelta L. cultivars – Altgold, Ostro and Franckenkorn grown in an ecological system were analyzed. The bread texture quality was evaluated on texture analyzer, following the AACC (74-09) standard method and expressed as crumb firmness, stiffness and relative elasticity. The influence of the variety as well as weather condition on textural properties of bread crumb values was statistically significant. The spelt wheat bread crumb texture required further investigation as it can be a reliable quality parameter.Keywords: spelt bread, texture, firmness, stiffness, elasticit
An approach towards explaining market shares of organic food – Evidence from Swiss household data
Get PDFThe market share of organic food in Switzerland is high compared with that in other European countries, and has grown notably in recent years. However, little is known about why the market share of certain organic food products is higher than that of others. Swiss household expenditure data distinguishing between organic and conventional products allow an analysis at the product level. As a result, factors which determine the market share level of different organic food products are identified. Based on the results of this study, the driving factors are categorised into three dimensions. First, a low level of processing is positively related to the organic market share. This suggests that communicating the benefits of organic food is more successful for unprocessed than for processed products. Second, products with high price premiums as well as products that are of importance for the household in terms of its food budget have a clear disadvantage on the market. Third, Swiss consumers seem to have a high preference for domestically produced organic food, since the characteristic of being an imported product is negatively related to the organic market share. The results give a first understanding of what is important to Swiss consumers when it comes to the consumption of organic food. The findings imply that supporting organic agriculture in Switzerland is still promising from a policy perspective as long as the price premium for organic quality stays at a reasonable level.Keywords: consumer behaviour, organic food, generalized linear model, Switzerlan
Effects of different ecological environments on phenological and cultural parameters of organically cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril.)
Get PDFThis paper summarizes research results on organic soya production conducted at three ÖMKi on-farm sites in 2014 in Hungary. Trial sites were located in West-Transdanubia (Tornyiszentmiklós) and the East-Hungarian Plain (Földes and Hajdúböszörmény). Objective of the research was to determine the specific varieties of soybean which favour these areas. Five varieties were tested (Prestopro from the early, Growpro, Hipro, Royalpro and Pannónia Kincse from the medium maturity group). Pannónia Kincse is a Hungarian breed that is dominantly used in East-Hungary. The other varieties have been bred in the USA. The test farms used their usual agronomical practices (tab. 1). During the trial period we recorded weather conditions (daily precipitation, max-min. temperature), and the phenological parameters of plants: average number the pods per plant, average number of seed per pod, average number of branches per plant, and average plant heights. Yield and oil protein content of seeds were measured after harvest. In August and September extreme weather conditions occurred in West-Transdanubia (tab. 2); plants were damaged by flooding on the test site. On the other areas typical droughty periods occurred in the beginning of summer. At Hajdúböszörmény there was no possibility of interrow-cultivation because of the narrow row spacing (35 cm). The weed-coverage at this site was above 50 % at harvest period. At Tornyiszentmiklós the node number was the lowest despite plant height, and yield was also less than at the other sites. Relying on these data (tab. 3) we can state that there were considerable differences between the average yields of the research areas and the yields of the tested varieties. The differences of protein content were less remarkable. The yield of Prestopro was lowest among tested varieties on East Hungarian sites. Most favourable variety in 2014 was Pannónia Kincse regarding both yield (0.7-1.6 t ha-1) and protein content (average of variety: 35,6 %).Keywords: soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merril, varieties, organic production, yield, protein conten
Fluctuation of families of Coleoptera population depending on the application of organic fertilizers
No full textReceived: 2016-03-15 | Accepted: 2016-05-05 | Available online: 2016-12-22http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.150-156The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of application of defined doses of organic fertilizers (manure and biosludge) to the occurrence of family of Coleopterafaun, during six years long period 2004-2009. Experiment was realized on the locality Kolíňany, by the earth traps method, which were exposed in the five treatments (1st treatment- control treatments ; 2nd treatments- 25 t ha - 1 of the manure ; 3rd treatment- 50 t ha- 1 of biosludge; 4th treatment- 50 t ha - 1 of the manure; 5th treatment- 100 t ha- 1 of biosludge). Every year the traps were exposed in different crops: 2004- Helianthus annuus; 2005– Beta vulgaris; 2006- Zea mays; 2007- Beta vulgaris; 2008 - Hordeum vulgare; 2009 - Helianthus annuus. Altogether there were trapped 60,406 exemplars of Coleopterafaun, that from taxonomic point of view belonging to the 16 families. The year, temperature and precipitation had positive impact on the incidence of families in the year 2009, when we obtained 18,436 ex and in the year 2008, when we found 15,201 ex. Abundance of exemplars during other studied years was significantly lower. Statistical evaluation of the impact of year on an occurrence of families showed significantly (P = 0.05-0.01) for families Anthicidae, Chrysomelidae, Cryptophagidae, Elateridae and Staphylinidae. The statistical evidence was not reflected (P>0.05) for families Carabidae, Coccinelidae, Curculionidae, Dermestidae, Histeridae, Lathridiidae, Liodidae, Nitidulidae, Ptiliidae, Scarabaeidae and Silphidae. In assessment of impact of the year have an important role climatic factors (temperature and precipitation). Impact of temperature and precipitation recorded evidence for families Anthicidae, Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, Staphylinidae. Other families showed no statistically evidence of impact of climatic factors temperature and precipitation. In evaluating of impact of treatment on evidence of families of Coleopterafaun as the most suitable was 1st treatment- control treatment (13,574 ex), 3rd treatment - 50 t ha-1 of biosludge (13,318 ex) then 2nd treatment - 25 t ha-1 of the manure (12,286 ex), 5th treatment - 100 t ha-1 of biosludge (10,904 ex) and 4th treatment - 50 t ha-1 of the manure (10,324 ex). Based on the statistical evaluation the impact of treatment on occurrence of families was not reflected and all values were insignificant (P>0.05). Eudominant representation showed within all treatments and years the family Carabidae, with dominance from 95.53 to 98.32 %. When we comparing the similarity of treatments the values of species identity by Jaccard (IA) ranged from 75.00 to 100.00 % and values of identity of dominance (ID) ranged from 93.71 to 97.58 %. We can conclude that realized anthropogenic inputs does not negatively affect occurrence of present geobiocoenosis.Keywords: biodiversity, bio sludge, Carabidae, epigeic group, family, manureReferencesBARANOVÁ, B. et al. (2013) Ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) community of arable land with different crops. Folia faunistica Slovaca. vol. 18. no. 1, pp.21-29.BOHÁČ, J. (2005). The Beatles – Carabidae. In Kučera, T. The Red book habitats. [Online]. Retrieval July 30, 2005 from http://www.usbe.cas.cz/cervenakniha/texty/GONGALSKY, K.B. and CIVIDANES, F.J. (2008) Distribution of carabid beetles in agroecosystems across spatial scales - A review. Baltic J. Coleopterol., vol. 8, no. 1, pp.15-30.CHABERT, A. and BEAUFRETON, CH. (2005) Impact de Quelques culturales sur les Carabes, Araignees, Staphylins. AFPP – 7e Conference Internationale sur les ravageurs en agriclture Montpellier, pp. 1-10.KUJAWA, K., SOBCZYK, D. and KAJAK, A. (2006) Dispersal of Harpalus rufipes (DeGeer) (Carabidae) between shlterbelt and cereal field. Polish Journal of Ecology, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 243-252.KVASNIČÁK, R. and DRDUL, J. (2004) Community of beetles (Coleoptera) of a meadow biotop near the Krupský brook (SW Slovakia). Acta Fac. Pedag. Univers. Tyrnaviensis – Seria B, pp.4-10.LENGERKEN, V. and HANNS, V. (1983) Biologie der Tiere Deutschlands-Coleoptera. Praha: Institute of Entomology. 40 p.NIETUPSKI, M., KOSEWSKA, A. and LEMKOWSKA, B. (2015) Grasslands with calcareous gyttja soil in the Olsztyn Lake Districk as specific habitats for ground beetles (Coeleoptera: Carabidae). Baltic J. Coleopterol, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 57-70. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2014.088PETERKOVÁ, V. (2014) Ecological factors affecting communities beetles. Scientific monograph, Trnava: Trnavská univerzita. 84 p. (in Slovak).PETŘVALSKÝ, V. et al. (2007) Occurrence of elementary epigeic groups in dependence on the organic matter. Acta Facultatis Ecologiae, vol. 15, pp. 15-19.PORHAJAŠOVÁ, J. et al. (2009) Biodiversity of epigeic groups in the Nature Reserve of Alúvium Žitavy. Acta fyt. et zoot., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 52-57.PORHAJAŠOVÁ, J. and ŠUSTEK, Z. (2011) The spatial structure of invertebrate communities with a focus on family Carabidae in the Nature Reserve Žitavský luh. Scientific monograph, Nitra: SPU. 77 p. (in Slovak).PORHAJAŠOVÁ, J. et al. (2013) The effect of application of organic fertilizers on the dynamics of occurence of carabid species (Carabidae, Coleoptera). JCEA, vol 14, no. 2. pp. 251-272.PORHAJAŠOVÁ, J. et al. (2014) Dynamics of occurrence of dominant species Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) and Poecilus cupreus L., 1758 depending on the aplication of organic matter into the soil. Acta fyt. et zoot., vol. 17, no. 1. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2014.17.01.30-35POVOLNÝ, D. and ŠUSTEK, Z. (1995) Some reflections on livestock synanthropy and their manifestations in model groups. Acta Univ. Agriculturae, vol. XXXIII, no. 1.REPA, Š. and ŠIŠKA, B. (2004).The climatic characteristics of the year 2003 in Nitra. Nitra: SPU. 24 p. (in Slovak).SCHWERK, A. and DYMITRYSZYN, I. (2015). Epigeic and soil carabid fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to habitat differentiation of an insulated semi-natural habitat in Western Poland. Baltic J. Coleopterol., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 47-56.ŠIŠKA, B. and ČIMO, J. (2006) Weather conditions of years 2004 and 2005 in Nitra. Nitra: SPU. 50 p. (in Slovak).ŠPÁNIK, F. et al. (2000) Agroclimatic rajonization characteristics of agricultural production in Slovakia in conditions of weather changes Štúdia SBKS SAV, vol. XVII, vol. no, 54 p.THOMAS, C.F.G., HOLLAND, J.M. and BROWN, N.J. (2002) The spatial distribution of carabid beetles in agricultural landscapes. In Holland J. M. (Ed.) : The Agroecology of Carabid Beetles. Intercept Limited, Andover, pp. 305-344.VARVARA, M. (2010) The genus Carabus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in some poteto crops from Romania, 1978-1999. Muzeul Olteniei Craiova. Oltenie. Studii si comunicari. Stiintele Naturii, vol. 26, no. 2, pp.137-146.VICIAN, V. et al. (2015) The influence of agricultural management on the structure of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages. Biologia (Bratislava), vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 240-251. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/biolog-2015-0028VRÁBELOVÁ, M. and MARKECHOVÁ, D. (2001) Probability and Statistics. Nitra: SPU. 199 p.Weather condition of the years 2007, 2008 and 2009 – unpublished materials. Nitra: SPU.WOODCOCK, B.A. et al. (2010) Impact of habitat type and landscape structure on biomass, species richness and functional diversity of ground beetles. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 139, no. 1-2, pp. 181-186. doi:http://dx.doi.org/0.1016/j.agee.2010.07.018
Mutation in exon 13 of the TCOF1 gene in patient with Treacher Collins syndrome
Get PDFTreacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is associated with an abnormal differentiation of the first and the second pharyngeal arch during fetal development. This causes mostly craniofacial deformities, which require numerous corrective surgeries. TCS is an autosomal dominant disorder and it occurs in general population with the frequency of in 1 in 50,000 live births. TCS is caused by mutations in the TCOF1 gene. This gene encodes the serine/alanine-rich protein named Treacle. TCS can also be caused by mutations in the POLR1C and POLR1D genes.About 70% of recognized mutations of the TCOF1 gene are deletions, which lead to a frame shift, formation of termination codon and shortening of the protein product of the gene. A heterozygous insertion c.2013_2014insG was described in one patient with TCS. The insertion causes premature termination of translation at 680aa
Evaluating signatures of selection through variation in linkage disequilibrium among different cattle breeds
Get PDFThe aim of presented investigation was to assess the overlap between selection signature discovered through analysis of variation in linkage disequilibrium and reported genomic regions associated with economic and traits of biological importance in cattle populations. The differences across Slovak Pinzgau, Austrian Pinzgau, Simmental and Holstein cattle and thus genome signatures of production and adaptation were found. The highest peak (top 0.01 percentile) was observed between Slovak and Austrian on chromosome 23, between Slovak Pinzgau and Simmental on chromosome 4 and between Slovak Pinzgau and Holstein on chromosomes 1, 7 and 20. Many candidate genes found have a known role in milk production (casein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3; ABCG2, HBEGF, CAPN3, DGAT1, TG, GHR), reproduction (MGAT1, FGF1), feed efficiency (R3HDM1, ZRANB3), fertility (SPOCK1) and immune response (HSPA9, CD14, ARAP3, PCDH). Results of this study could be the basis for implementation of genomic selection programs in the Slovak Pinzgau cattle
Effect of tillage and fertilization on soil Nin forms
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different tillage, fertilization, depth of soil sampling and date of sampling on dynamics of Nin forms in a Haplic Luvisol under winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the experiment three main tillage systems for winter wheat were used: B1 = conventional tillage (to 0.25 m); B2 = shallow tillage (to 0.20 m); B3 = minimization tillage (to 0.15 m). Three variants of the fertilization were used within each treatment: 0 = unfertilised control; PH = NPK fertilization; PZ = NPK fertilization + plough down of postharvest residues. The highest average concentration of inorganic nitrogen (28.68 mg kg-1) was found in autumn period. It was result of more favourable temperature and moisture conditions in the soil and also of poor uptake by plants. Based on our results, the highest concentration of Nin was found under shallow tillage (14.07 mg kg-1). Analysis of variance showed that only fertilization (p=0.8956) had no statistically significant effect on amount of Nin. Despite this fact, slight increase of concentration of inorganic nitrogen has been seen in the variant PZ (13.33 mg kg-1) compared with variants PH (13.11 mg kg-1) and 0 (13.21 mg kg-1). On the basis of our results we can conclude that soil and climatic conditions were major factors that influenced concentration of Nin in the soil.Keywords: ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, tillage, fertilization, winter whea
Heritability estimates and genetic trends for performance test traits in Old Kladruber horses
No full textThe Old Kladruber horse is an important Czech genetic resource. The objectives of this paper were estimate coefficients heritability and determinate genetic trends for evaluated traits. The data set for evaluation was composed of edited records of performance test for stallion and mare in years 1995 - 2014. Each horse had three to five performance evaluations for the suite of traits. Together eight evaluated traits was assessed: rideability, overall Impression, walk, trot, Canter and driveability of carriage - dressage test and obstacle driving test. The statistical model included fixed effects for sex, age, year*place, variety, stud, classifier, permanent environment and additive genetic effect. The heritability estimates were in range from 0.06 to 0.23. Genetic trends were constant over the analysed period, annual genetic change were close to zero in all traits except type and gender expression and tro