Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
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Influence of genetic parameters to the performance indicators in the championship for young horses
Get PDFSlovak Warmblood championship is a competition for young horses of given population, which is organized annually by the recognized breeder organization under the same test conditions. The aim of our study was to analyze genetic parameters and determine their potential impact on the performance indicators in championship for young horses of Slovak Warmblood population. Basic data consisted the results of 761 horses that have qualified for the finals. From the analysis of genetic parameters on performance indicators we found that all factors: breeder, breed, line, gender, age of horse and year of the competition influenced the final ranking respectively the logarithm of ranking. But on the level of significance only the factor breeder. The genetic assessment of monitored horses in tested competitions shows that factors breed and line high statistically influence Log U in particular competition. On the border of statistical support were fixed effects - degree of difficulty in the competition and year of competition. Based on our knowledge, we can conclude that in addition to the above factors on the ranking in competitions of sport form of testing has a major impact factor - rider
Influence of some factors on milk flow and udder health status in two different cattle breeds.
Get PDFIn this study were analyzed average daily milk flow and udder health status (by somatic cell score) in dairy cows. A total of 100 Holstein (H) and 48 Slovak Simmental (SS) cows were investigated. The Holstein cows had average daily milk flow significantly higher by 1.24 kg/min and somatic cell score (SCS) by 0.5 higher than Simmental cows. The factors like breed, parity, rear teat canal length and front teat canal diameter had a significant effect on milk flow but no significant effect on SCS. Thus, these results indicate differences between breeds and parity in milk traits and health status
Selection and evaluation of emmer, eincorn and spelta germplasm in Greece for organic farming adaptability and bakery-nutritional quality
Get PDFIn recent years, greek consumers expressed interest for wheat, quality bakery products, organically produced from traditional varieties and also from "ancient" or "hulled" wheat, particularly einkorn, emmer, or spelta. To meet the growing demand of farmers for seed due to the attractiveness of this new market, it was nesessary, using European and Balkan traditional germplasm, to select appropriate hulled wheat varieties with adaptation to organic farming and low-input agriculture. Already selected lines from 2012 and 2013 and some new untested genotypes were sown in 2014 in two locations, under low input and organic conditions for evaluation and organic breeding puproses. Furthermore, it was used a breeding scheme for selection and evaluation of their yield potential and technological seed traits under organic and low input growing conditions.Preliminary results have shown significant differences among genotypes in agronomical performance and also specific traits important for organic breeding and related to grain qualityKeywords: hulled wheat, organic farming, baking quality, low input, Triticum spp
The grain quality of winter wheat in organic and conventional farming
Get PDFIn the years 2003–2005 the field experiment was realized in the maize-barley growing region on degraded Chernozem. Two different farming systems – organic and conventional were compared. The yield and grain quality of winter wheat in organic and conventional farming system were evaluated. Winter wheat was used twice a crop rotation time – after pea and clover. The quality parameters of winter wheat (grain volume weight, protein content, Zeleny test, wet gluten content) were measured after harvest. The yield and grain quality parameters were statistically significantly affected by farming system, forecrop and weather conditions. Grain yield, grain volume weight, protein content and wet gluten content were significantly higher in conventional farming system than in organic one. Even though, grain quality of winter wheat in organic farming corresponded to elite (E) or standard (A) technological quality of wheat according to the Slovak Technological Standard STN 46 1100-2. The yield of winter wheat was increased and grain quality parameters were improved by using pea as the forecrop in comparison to clover.Keywords: winter wheat, systems of farming, forecrop, yield, grain qualit
Greenhouse gases emissions from selected crops growing within organic farming
Get PDFAs part of the study, growing of selected crops (strawberries, garlic, carrot) in conventional and organic farming systems in the Czech Republic was evaluated. For evaluation, the simplified LCA analysis was used. It is focused on the production of greenhouse gases expressed in the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per one unit of production. Emissions were calculated for agricultural phases – agricultural technology, fertilizers, pesticides and field emissions – using the IPCC methodology. There are evident differences in subprocesses and in the total emission load between conventional and organic farming systems. With strawberry growing, the GHG emission production is higher within the organic farming system due to low yields. With carrot and garlic growing, the organic farming system is more environmental friendly in terms of GHG emissions.Keywords: organic farming, GHG emissions, plant production, LC
Productivity and macroelements content of cereal and legume crops
Get PDFProductivity of ecological and conventional system at two fertilization level, and average content of N, P, K and Mg in grains was evaluated in a field trial at south–western Slovakia during 1999-2005. A six-crop rotation pattern was used as follows: common pea – winter wheat and catch crop, early potato, spring barley, red clover, and winter wheat and catch crop. The designed ecological system support the productivity of cereals and legumes comparable to conventional system. No differences between two levels of fertilization and productivity expressed in Cereal Units (CU) were recognized. Negative relationship between productivity expressed in CU and total content of macroelements was confirm. Significantly higher content of potassium and magnesium was detected in ecological system with comparison to conventional system with higher input of nitrogen.Keywords: ecological system, crop rotation, cereals, legumes, macroelements, productivit
Effect of pre-crops, cover crops and manure application on organic potato production in a field experiment in eastern Austria
Get PDFThe effect of different preceding crops, cover crops and manure application on the agronomic performance of potato was studied in two consequantial years in an organic farming system. The effect of lucerne, field pea and spring barley as pre-crops, non legume and mixture used as cover crops were tested as well as the influence of farmyard manure application on potato yield and quality. The cover crop treatments were studied in comparison to control bare fallow. The overall yields of main crop potato remained significantly (P 65 mm in diameter) on average of two years. However, the tuber quality was generaly higher in 2010 than in 2011. Regarding tubers with potato virus Y, common scab, malformation, growth cracks and greening, the percentage was lower in 2010.Keywords: organic farming, nitrogen availability, potato yield, preceding crop, cover crop, manure applicatio
Methods for calculating economic weights of traits in pigs
Get PDFSelection of animals is performed on the basis of a complex of traits, which are characterised by breeding values and economic weights. Various methodologies are used to choose the most important traits in pig breeding programs. Using the subjective approach, economic importance of pig traits were based on the required genetic gain and on subjective decision of the breeders. These methods could be ambiguous, however the insufficient information about the trait importance can be complemented in some cases (e.g. for organic pig farms). In objective methods, the performance of a pig production system (measured as profit or costs) in relation to improving the genetic level of a pig trait is considered. Compared to other livestock species, pigs breeding structure play some role when defining the trait economic weights. The general, flexible and fee available computer program would be useful tool for calculating economic weights of pig traits
Inbreeding and genetic diversity loss of four cattle beef breeds in Slovakia
Get PDFReceived: 2016-02-23 | Accepted: 2016-04-21 | Available online: 2016-05-30dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.02.59-63The aim of the paper was to evaluate trends in inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in four beef cattle breeds (Blonde d´Aquitaine-BA, Charolais-CH, Limousine-LI, Simmental-SM). The highest ratio of inbred animals was found in the SM breed (63.6 %) and the lowest in the LI (14.1 %). The highest average inbreeding intensity we found in the SM, the lowest in the BA. The amount of genetic diversity in the reference population accounting for diversity loss due to genetic drift and unequal founder contributions was the highest in the SM (6.2 %), following the BA (3.5 %), LI (1.1 %) and CH (0.9 %). The proportion of genetic diversity lost due to genetic drift was higher in BA, CH, LI than the loss of genetic diversity due to unequal founder contribution.Keywords: beef cattle, pedigree analysis, inbreeding, genetic diversityReferences Boichard, D., Maignel,L. and Verrier. E. (1997) The value of using probabilities of gene origin to measure genetic variability in a population. Genet. Sel. Evol., vol.29, no. 5, pp.5-23. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-29-1-5Cabalero, A. and Toro, M.A. (2000) Interrelations between effective population size and other tools for management of conserved populations. Genet. Res., vol. 75, no. 3, pp.331-343. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016672399004449Gutiérrez, J.P. and Goyache, F. ( 2005) Note on ENDOG: a computer program for analysis pedigree information. J. Anim.Breed. Genet., vol.122. pp.172-176.Gutiérrez, J.P., Goyache, F. and Cervantes, F. ( 2009) Endog v 4.6. A computer program for monitoring genetic variability of populations using pedigree information. User guide. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 45 p..Kadlečík, O. and Pavlík,I. (2012) Genealogical analysis in small populations: The case of four Slovak beef cattle breeds. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., vol. 45, no. 4. pp. 111-117.Kasarda. R. and Kadlečík. O. (2007) An economic impact of inbreeding in the purebred population of Pinzgau cattle in Slovakia on milk production traits. Czech J. Anim. Sci., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 7-11.Krupa, E., Žáková, E. and Krupová, Z. (2015) Evaluation of inbreeding and genetic variability of five pig breeds in Czech Republic. Asian Australas. J.Anim. Sci.. vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 25-36. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0251Lacy, R.C. (1989) Analysis of founder representation in pedigree: Founder equivalents and founder genome equivalents. Zool.Biol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 111-123. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430080203Lacy, R.C. (1995) Classification of genetic terms and their use in the management of captive populations. Zoo. Biol., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 565-577. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140609Melka, M.G. et al. (2013) Analyses of genetic diversity in five Canadian dairy breeds using pedigree data. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., vol. 130, pp. 476–486. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12050McParland, S. et al. (2007) Inbreeding trends and pedigree analysis of Irish dairy and beef cattle populations. Journal of Animal Science, vol. 85, no. 2, pp.322-331. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-367Maignel, L., Boichard, D. and Verrier.E. (1996) Genetic variability of French dairy breeds estimated from pedigree information. Interbul Bulletin, vol. 14, pp.49-54.Meuwissen, T.H.E. and Luo,Z. (1992) Computing in breeding coefficients in large populations. Genet. Sel. Evol., vol. 24. pp. 305-313. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-24-4-305Pavlík.I, et al. (2014) Pedigree analysis of Thoroughbred horses in Slovakia. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 122-126. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2014.17.04.122-126Stachowic, K. et al. (2011) Schenkel Rates of inbreeding and genetic diversity in Canadian Holstein and Jersey cattle. J. Dairy Sci., vol. 94, no. 10, pp. 5160–5175. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3308ŠIDLOVÁ, V. et al. (2015) Genomic variability among cattle populations based on runs of homozygosity. Poljoprivreda, vol. 21. no. 1 (Supplement), pp. 44-47.Tang, G. Q. et al. (2013) Inbreeding and genetic Ddversity in three imported swine breeds in China using pedigree data Asian Australas. J. Anim.Sci., vol.26, no. 6, pp.755-765. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12645Trakovická, A. et al.(2015) Impact of SNPs in candidate genes on economically important traits in Pinzgau cattle. Poljoprivreda. vol. 21, no. 1(Supplement), pp. 150-154. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.21.1.sup.3
Egg traits in Japanese quails
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to compare some internal and external egg quality traits between two meat lines of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Line 8 was the result of selection for high adult live body mass (three generations). Line 9 was the control. Birds were housed in four-stage cage technology at the NAFC-Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra. Feed mixture contained 11.7 MJ ME and 200.0 g crude protein. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Females of both lines had the same age. Egg-laying traits were observed daily during 5-day period. Eggs were analysed in the laboratory of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The egg weight was significantly higher (P≤0.001) in selected line 8: 13.259 g vs. 12.203 g. The egg shell weight, egg width, length and shape index were also higher (P≤0.001) in selected line 8. The shell thickness on egg sharp region differed significantly (P≤0.01) between lines 8 and 9. However, the difference in overall shell thickness was insignificant. Eggshell percentages were 9.128 and 9.200 % in lines 8 and 9. Significant differences (from P≤0.001 to P≤0.05) were found in yolk weight, yolk width, yolk height and yolk percentage. In general, selected line 8 was of higher yolk values, except for yolk percentage - 29.358 % vs. 30.292 %. Significant differences in albumen weight (P≤0.001), albumen width (P≤0.01) and albumen height (P≤0.05) were found. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in Haugh Unit (89.297 vs. 88.893)