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The changes of the assimilation pigments content of turf Festuca spp. leaves after application of different nutrition forms
Get PDFReceived: 2018-01-29 | Accepted: 2018-02-22 | Available online: 2018-03-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.06-10The aim of this experiment was to compare find out of the changes of assimilation pigments content of turf Festuca spp. leaves after application of different nutrition forms under non–irrigated conditions. In period April 2012 – May 2015 (without June 2014 and February 2015) experiment was carried out in warm and dry conditions in area of Nitra (Slovak Republic). Concentration of assimilation pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids) was determined spectrophotometrically. The experiment was included 10 treatments: 1. Without fertilization, 2. Saltpetre with dolomite, superphosphate, potassium salt, 3. Turf fertilizer NPK 15-3-8 (+ 3MgO + 0.8 Fe + 18S), 4. Slow release fertilizer NPK 14-5-14 (+ 4CaO + 4MgO + 7S), 5. Controlled release fertilizer NPK (S) 13-9-18 (+ 6S), 6. Organic fertilizer NPK 5-1-1, 7. Organic fertilizer NPK 3-2-1 and 3 mycorrhizal preparations. The use of inorganic and organic fertilizers resulted in an increase chlorophyll a, b content and total chlorophyll in leaves Festuca spp. More pronounced increase in chlorophyll content was found by the application of the Turf fertilizer. Application of this fertilizer has a statistically significant effect on content of chlorophyll a + b than in the other evaluated treatments without turfs fertilized by Controlled release fertilizer and Organic fertilizer NPK 5-1-1. A statistically significant increase in the total carotenoids concentration was observed after the use of Saltpetre with dolomite, superphosphate, potassium salt and Turf fertilizer as compared to the non-fertilized control.Keywords: turf, Festuca spp., fertilizers application, chlorophyll, total carotenoids ReferencesALDOUS, D. E. (2011) International Turf Management. New York: REaPP.ALTISSIMO, A. and PESERICO, L. (2008) Effects of different n-sources on turf clippings fresh weight yield and turf quality. In 1st European turfgrass society conference. Pisa (Italy), 19th–20th May 2008, Italy: Uliva Foa, pp. 41–42.BELL, G. E. et al. (2004) Optical sensing of turfgrass chlorophyll content and tissue nitrogen. In HortScience [Online],vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1130–1132. Retrieved 2018-01-21 from http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/39/5/1130.full.pdf+htmlBEARD, J. B. (1973) Turfgrass: Science and culture. PretinceHall: New Jersey.BILGILI, U. and AÇIKGÖZ, E. (2007) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on quality characteristics of four turf mixtures under different wear treatments. In Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1139–1152. Retrieved 2018-01-15 from http:// www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01904160701394600CAGAŠ, B. et al. (2011) Establishing and careing landscape turfs and grasses areas: certified methodology. Brno: Association of Planting and Maintenance of Green.GREGOROVÁ, H. and KOVÁR, P. (2010) Tall fescue – grass to dry conditions. In Proceedings of lectures VIII. Congress SPpPLPaVv by SAV Nitra 16. June 2010. Nitra: SPU, pp. 28–35 (in Slovak).HEJDUK, S. (2012) Module Plant nutrition (Education for better greenery around us – Script course modules) [Online]. Rožňov pod Radhoštěm: SšZaP (in Czech) Retrieved 2018-01-10 from http://docplayer.cz/2333203-Vzdelavani-pro-lepsi-zelenkolem-nas.htmlHRABĚ, F. et al. (2009) Turfs for garden, landscape and sport. Olomouc: Vydavatelství Ing. Petr Bašan (in Czech).HRIC, P. et al. (2016a) The dynamics of the assimilation pigments content of turf fertilized by various forms of fertilizers. In Agrochemistry [Online], vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 3–7 (in Slovak). Retrieved 2018-01-10 from http://agrochemia.uniag.sk/pdf/ agrochemia-2016-01.pdfHRIC, P. et al. (2016b). The comparison of organic and inorganic fertilizers influence on selected indicators of turf growth-production process. In Acta agriculturae Slovenica, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 373–383. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14720/ aas.2016.107.2.10KARCHER, E. and RICHARDSON, M. (2003) Quantifying turfgrass color using digital image analysis. In Crop Science Society of America, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 943–951. DOI:https://doi. org/10.2135/cropsci2003.9430KOVÁR, P. and GREGOROVÁ, H. (2009) Impact of water stress on the assimilation pigment content of grass species grown under non-irrigated conditions. In Influence of abiotic and biotic stressors on plant properties 2009, Praha-Ruzyně: VÚRV, pp. 9.KUO, Y. J. (2015) Effects of fertilizer type on chlorophyll content and plant biomass in common Bermunda grass. In African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 10, no. 42, pp. 3997– 4000. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.10226LARIMI, S. B. et al. (2014) Changes in nitrogen and chlorophyll density and leaf area of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) affected by biofertilizer and nitrogen application. In International Journal of Biosciences, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 256–265. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/5.9.256-265LICHTENTALER, H K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. In Method in Enzymology, vol. 148, pp. 350–382.MAHMOUD, A. W. M., EL-ATAR, A. B. and MAHMOUD, A. A. (2017) Economic evaluation of nano and organic fertilisers as an alternative source to chemical fertilisers on Carum carvi L. plant yield and components. In Agriculture, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 33–49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/agri-2017-0004MASAROVIČOVÁ, E. et al. (2000) Photosynthesis, biomass partioning and peroxisomicne A1 production of Karwinska species in response to nitrogen supply. In Physiology Plant, 108, pp. 300–306. DOI:https://doi. org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108003300.xMOORE, R. W., CHRISTIANS, N. E. and AGNEW, M. L. (1996) Response of three Kentucky bluegrass cultivars to sprayable nitrogen fertilizer programs. In Crop Science, vol. 36, pp. 1296–1301. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1996.0011183X003600050037xPESSARAKLI, M. (2007) Handbook of Turfgrass Management and Physiology. New York: CRC Press.VAFADAR, F., AMOOAGHAIE, R. and OTROSHY, M. (2013) Effects of plants-growth promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on plant growth, stevioside, NPK, and chlorophyll content of Stevia rebaudiana. In Journal of Plant Interactions, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 128–136. DOI:https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17429145.2013.779035WEHNER, D. J., HALEY. J. E. and MARTIN, D. L. (1988) Late fall fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass. In Agronomy Journal, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 464–471.XU, Q. et al. (1995) Functional and structural injury to photosynthesis in wheat by high temperature during maturation. In Enviromental and Experimental Botany, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 43–54. DOI:https://doi. org/10.1016/0098-8472(94)00030-
The Morphological Changes of Uterus in Postnatal Development of Heifers
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2018-04-19 | Accepted: 2018-06-27 | Available online: 2018-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.02.52-59The aim of this work was to describe the microscopic and submicroscopic changes of the uterus of 20 pinzugus heifers in their postnatal development (12th, 24th and 36th week of age) and in the experimental form of subclinical hypoglycemia. Uterine specimens were obtained from the uterine horns by a vivisection for histological studies. Samples were fixed for light microscopy (LM) in formaldehyde and for scanning by electron microscope (SEM) and transmissive electron microscopy (TEM) in glutaraldehyde. Subsequently, the samples were processed in the usual manner as used in the LM and electron microscopic studies laboratories. The uterus increased to 24th weeks by 19.4 %. The uterine weight decreased significantly (P<0.01) at the time of hypoglycemia (-14.6 %). When the ovarian weight increased (+48.8 %) to 36th week of age, the uterine weight increased by 39.9 %. At the time of hypoglycaemia, the ovarian weight decreased by 4.4 % and the uterine weight decreased by 17.1 %. Endometrial development was mostly pronounced between 12th and 24th week of age (P<0.05). In particular, the superficial (+24.8 %) and glandular epithelium (+25.9 %) developed. Slower development continues up to 36th week, but in animals with hypoglycaemic development it stagnates (-4.1 % and -18.8 % respectively). The nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio was gradually reduced in luminal epithelial cells (N:C 1:3.2 to 1:2.9 respectively) and narrowed in glandular epithelial cells (N:C 1:2.3 to 1:1.7 respectively). A larger decrease was observed in the glandular epithelium. Mitochondria (M) increased the volume in both epithelium types (22.4 % and 28.2 %). In a hypoglycaemia is volume of M low (-18.4 % and -16.2 %). The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) increased in volume (+6.5 % and +5.6 % respectively) in both types of epithelial cells. Hypoglycaemia has been shown to decrease the volume of rER approximately equally (-10.9 % and -10.2 %). Macroscopic, microscopic and submicroscopic cell changes of endometrium are described in postnatal development and experimental subclinical hypoglycemia of heifers. There is a clear manifestation of the energy deficit in the retardation of growth and developmental changes.Keywords: heifers, uterus, postnatal development, histology, hypoglycaemiaReferencesAKINLOYE, A.K. and OKE, B.O. (2014). Histology and ultrastructure of the uterus of African giant rat (Cricetomys Gambianus, Waterhouse) during oestrous cycle. Folia Morphol., vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 311-317. ALI, A. et al.(2003) Ovarian follicular dynamics in buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis. Reprod Domest Anim., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 214-218.BARTOL F.F et al. (1995) Neonatal exposure to progesterone and estradiol alters uterine morphology and luminal protein content in adult beef heifers. Theriogenology, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 835- 844.BELLO, A. et al. (2012) Morphometric analysis of the reproductive system of African zebu cattle. Scientific Journal of Zoology, vol.1, no. 2, pp. 31-36.BIELAŇSKI, A. (1972) Rozrod Zwierat. Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo rolnicze i lesne.DAY, M. L. et al. (1984) Endocrine mechanisms of puberty in heifers: Estradiol negative feedback regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion. Biol. Reprod. vol. 31, pp. 332-341.DAY, M. L. et al. (1987) Endocrine mechanisms of puberty in heifers. Role of hypothalamo-pituitary estradiol receptors in the negative feedback of e stradiol on luteinizing hormone secretion. Biol. Reprod. 37:1054–1065.DESJARDINS, C. (1969) Maturation of bovine female genitalia from birth through puberty. J. Anim. Sci., vol. 28, pp. 502–507.DESJARDINS, C., MacMILLAN, K. L. and HAFS, H.D. (1968) Reproductive organ DNA and RNA of male and female rats from birth to 100 days of age. Anat. Rec., vol. 161, no.17.EVANS, A.C., ADAMS, G.P., RAWLINGS, N.C. (1994) Endocrine and ovarian follicular changes leading up to the first ovulation in prepubertal heifers. J Reprod Fertil, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 187-194.FOOTE, R. H. (1972). Cattle, Sheep asnd Swine induced ovulation and fertility in prepubertal. J Anim Sci, vol.34, pp. 49-56.HONARAMOOZ, A. et al. (2004) Ultrasonographic evaluation of the pre-pubertal development of the reproductive tract in beef heifers. Animal Reproduction Science, vol. 80, pp. 15-29.CHELIKANI, P.K., AMBROSE, J.D. and KENNELLY, J.J. (2003) Effect of dietary energy and protein density on body composition, attainment of puberty, and ovarian follicular dynamics in dairy heifers. Theriogenology, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 707-725.Mc DONALD, L.E. (1975). Veterinary Endocrinology and Reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea and Fabiger.Mc DONALD, L.E. 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(1999) Endometrial development and adenogenesis in the neonatal pig: effects of estradiol valerate and the antiestrogen ICI 182,780. Biology of Reproduction, no. 61, pp. 253-263.TARLETON, B.J. et al. (1998) Ovary-independent estrogen receptor expression in neonatal porcine endometrium. Biology of Reproduction, vol. 58, pp. 1009-1019.VACEK, Z. (1974) Histology and histological techniques. Martin: OSVETA (in Slovak).WEIBEL, E.R., KISTLER G.S. and SCHERLE, W.F. (1966) Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology. J. Cell Biol., vol. 30, pp. 23-38.WICK, R. and KRESS, A. (2002) Ultrastructural Changes in the Uterine Luminal and Glandular Epithelium during the Oestrous Cycle of the Marsupial Monodelphis domestica (Grey Short-Tailed Opossum). Cells Tissues Organs, vol. 170, no. 2-3, pp.111-131. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000046185WILLIAMS, G.L. and AMSTALDEN M., (2010) Understanding postpartum anestrus and puberty inthe beef female. Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle: Proceedings, January 28-29, 2010 San Antonio, Texas, pp. 55-71.YAN, W. et al. (2008) Relaxin (RLX) and estrogen Affect estrogen receptor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor and RLX receptor expression in the neonatal porcine uterus and cervix. Reproduction, vol. 135, pp. 705-712.YAN, W. et al. (2006) Uterotrophic effects of relaxin related to age and estrogen receptor activation in neonatal pigs. Reproduction, vol. 131, pp. 943-950
BIOEFFICACY OF Moringa oleifera AND Anacardium occidentale AGAINST INSECT PESTS OF WATERMELON (Citrullus lanatus Thumb) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FATTY ACID PROFILE
No full textArticle Details: Received: 2018-04-09 | Accepted: 2018-10-08 | Available online: 2018-09-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.03.84-92This experiment was carried out at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Teaching and Research farm during the late and early planting seasons of 2011 and 2012 to determine the efficacy of Moringa oleifera(L) and Anacardium occidentales(L) extracts on major insect pests of pests of watermelon and their effects on fatty acid compound of watermelon. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated three times. Each of the plant extracts was applied at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 20%). Gas chromatography was used to determine the level of fatty acid composition.The results clearly showed that the applied plant extracts exhibited insecticidal action against the Aulocophora africana (Weise) and Dacus cucurbitae(Coquillet). Meanwhile, M. oleifera proved to be more effective than cashew nut extracts in the control of the observed insects. Although, none of these plant extracts significantly(P<0.05) performed better than synthetic insecticide (Lambdacyhalothrin) against the studied insects during the raining season but plant extracts treated fruits had higher number of fatty acid compounds than that of synthetic insecticide. Therefore, the use of plant extracts in the management of insect pests of watermelon in organic farming improved the nutritional contents of watermelon fruit.Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Anacardium occidentale, Aulocophora africana, Dacus cucurbitae, Lambdacyhalothrin, watermelonReferencesABDUL, D.A.S. (2007) Economic importance of Moringa oleifera in Tafa Local Government Area of Niger State. NDE project. Kaduna: Federal College of Forestry Mechanization.ADEBAYO, T.A. (2003) Efficacy of mixture formulations of synthetic and botanical insecticides in the control of insect pests of okra and cowpea: Ph.D. Thesis. Ogbomosho: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology.AKHTAR, Y., YEOUNG, V.R. and ISMAN, M.B. (2008) Comparative bioactivity of selected extracts from Meliaceac and some commercial botanical insecticides against two noctuid caterpillar. Trichoplusia and Pseudaletiaunipuncta. Phytochemistry Reviews, vol. 7, pp. 77–88.AKHTAR Y. and ISMAN, M.B. (2004) Comparative growth inhibitory and antifeedant effects of plant extracts and pure allelochemicals on four phytophagous insect species. Journal of Applied Entomology, vol. 128, pp. 32–38.ALAO, F.O. (2009) Insecticidal principle of allellochems derived from Tephrosia vogelli and petiverian alliacea on post flowering insect pests of cowpea: M. Tech Dissertation. Ogbomoso: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology.ALAO, F.O. (2015) Effects of plant extracts in the control of field insect pests associated with watermelon: Ph.D. thesis. Ogbomosho: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology.ALAO, F. O. and ADEBAYO, T. A. (2015) Comparative efficacy of Tephrosia vogelii and Moringa oleifera against insect pests of watermelon (Citrulus lanatus Thumb). International letters of natural sciences, vol. 36, pp. 71–78.ALAO, F.O. et al. (2016) Population density of insect pests associated with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb) in southern guinea savanna zone, Ogbomoso. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 257–260.ALAVANJA, et al. (2004) Health effects of chronic pesticide exposure: cancer and neurotoxicity. Annual Review of Public Health, vol. 25, p. 155.ALLWOOD, A.J. et al. (1999). Host plant record of fruit flie (Diptera; Tephritidae) in southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin in zoology supplies, vol. 7, 92 p.ANJORIN, T.B. et al. 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Journal of Insects Science, vol. 5, p. 40.FASHEY, J.W. (2005) Moringa oleifera: A review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees Life J., no. 1, p. 5.EILEEN, A.B. and SYDNEY, G.P.B. (2013) Natural products for managing landscaping and garden pests in Florida. EDIS.GICHIMU, B.M. et al. (2009) Morphological characterization of some wild andcultivated watermelon (Citrullus sp.) accession in Kenya. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, vol. 4, pp. 1990–6145.Hasyim , A. et al. (2008) Population fluctuation of the adult males of the fruits fly, Bactrocera tau Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae) in passion fruit orchards in relation to abiotic factors and sanitation. Indones. J. Agric. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 29–33.INDRA, P.S. and KAMINI, V. (2003). Control of flea beetle, Phyllotreta nemorum L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) using locally available natural resources. 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Nutritional value of hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2) in different periods
No full textArticle Details: Received: 2018-07-31 | Accepted: 2018-10-18 | Available online: 2018-10-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.197-200The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of hybrid Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2). Rumex OK 2 can be considered as a technical or energetic plant for renewable production of biomass or as a feed as source of nutrients for animals. In this study two harvestings were planned, firs cut was realised in June (growth from March to June) and second cut was realised in November (growth from July to November). Samples of Rumex OK 2 plants were collected in the 20th day of the month in March to June and in September to November. Concentration of nutrients were detected according to Regulation no. 2145/2004-100. Fresh Rumex OK 2 samples from March 7.42%, April 8.71% and September 4.89% had very low concentration of dry matter (DM). On the other hand samples from March, April, September and October had high concentration of crude protein in range from 31.42 to 24.54% of DM. From start of growth in spring to time of firs cut in June increased both concentration of dry matter from 7.42 to 56.62% and concentration of crude fibre from 14.86 to 47.38% of DM. Concentration of fat in Rumex OK 2 is low and similar to that of maize plant or alfalfa, whereas concentration of nitrogen free extract in Rumex OK 2 plant is similar only to alfalfa. Results of this article bring compact view over nutritional characteristic of Rumex OK 2, which can be according to gained results about nutritional value used as a source of nutrients in animal nutrition, or as a source of renewable biomass for bioenergy production.Keywords: Rumex OK 2, months, nutrients, fiber complexReferencesBOCKHOLT, R. and KANNEWURF, B. (2001) Rumex obtusifolius in peatbog at Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (widening, forage quality, ensilability, force out by extensiveness). In 45. Jahrestagung AGF, 23.–25. 8. 2001, Gumpenstein, pp. 49–51. (in German).DERRICK, R.W. et al. (1993) Intake, by sheep, and digestibility of chickweed, dandelion, dock, ribwort and spurrey, compared with perennial ryegrass. The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 51–61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600073585GÁLIK, B. et al. (2016) Nutritional characteristics of feeds. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak).HEJDUK, S. and DOLEŽAL, P. (2004) Nutritive value of broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and its effect on the quality of grass silages. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 144–450. Available from: http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/53197.pdfHRIC, P. et al. (2018) The changes of the assimilation pigments content of turf Festuca spp. leaves after application of different nutrition forms. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 6–10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.06-10JURÁČEK, M. et al. (2012) Nutritional value and ensilability if maize hybrids. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak).JURÁČEK, M. et al. (2011) Laboratory protocols. In GÁLIK et al. (2011) Biotechnology and animal food quality – Part II. Animal food quality. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, pp. 122–133.KOVÁR, P. et al. (2017) The influence of various dose of nitrogen on botanical composition of turfs on the basis of drought-tolerant fescues cultivated under conditions without irrigation. In Journal of Central European Agriculture, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 494–514. Doi: https://doi.org//10.5513/JCEA01/18.2.1922PETŘÍKOVÁ, V. (2012) Forage plant – Rumex OK 2. [Online]. Retrieved 2018-07-31 from: https://biom.cz/cz/odborneclanky/krmna-plodina-rumex-ok-2 (in Czech).PETRIKOVIČ, P. et al. (2000) Nutritional value of feeds. Nitra: VÚŽV (in Slovak).RAKHMETOV, D. (2018) Non-traditional plant species for bioenergetics. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 103 p. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/2018.fe-9788055218557 (in Russian).REGULATION of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Slovak republic no. 2145/2004-100 about sampling of feeds, laboratory testing and evaluation of feeds.ROLINEC, M. et al. (2018a) Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. × Rumex tianschanicus A.Los. (Rumex OK 2) samples from autumn months. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 20–23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.20-23ROLINEC, M. et al. (2018b) Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. × Rumex tianschanicus A.Los (Rumex OK 2) samples from spring months and June. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 60–62. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.02.60-62ŠIMKO, M. et al. (2010) Saccharides in ruminants nutrition. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak)TRINÁCTÝ, J. (2013) Evaluation of feeds for dairy cows. Pohořelice: AgroDigest (in Czech).USŤAK, S. (2007) Cultivation and use of fodder sorrel in condition of Czech Republic. Prague: Crop Research Institute. Available from: http://www.vurv.cz/files/Publications/ISBN978- 80-87011-26-3.pdf (in Czech)
Effects of the tax burden on the production of fattening pigs
Get PDFReceived: 2018-05-07 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.142-144The paper analyses how much tax burden affects production volume and budget revenues. The projections show what happens when a government increases the tax rate (added value tax), i.e. how it reflects on the volume of fattening pig production on the one hand and how it reflects on the level of tax revenue. Fiscal policy represents a complex area through which the state sets out the operating conditions through various instruments. In this paper, the simulation of the tax rates and the effects on the produced quantities is made on pig meat production. By imposing large taxes, taxpayers feel less incentive to make money, because whatever they earn, they go to the state. A more detailed analysis was made on a sample of fattening production of 100,000 animals. Some implications of established empirical links between variables are presented in the paper. The change in tax rate of 10% multiplies an increase in tax reported in cash in amount of 44.4%.Keywords: added value tax, production of fattening pigs, tax rate, tax revenueReferencesAlfaro, L. (2001) Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: Does the Sector Matter. Harvard: Harvard Business School.Barro, R. J. (1987) Macroeconomics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Baumol, W. J., Blinder, S. A. (1991). Economics – Principles and Policy. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Dorbusch, R., Fisher, S (1987). Macroeconomics. London: McGraw-Hill.Messere, K. (2009) Tax Policy in OECD Countries. Amsterdam: OECD.Samuelson, P. A., Nordhaus, W. D. (1992) Economics: McGraw Hill, New York.Hal, V. R. (2015) Intermediate Microeconomics A Modern Approach. Harvard: Harvard Business School
The impact of genetic and non-genetic factors on somatic cell count as a monitor of udder health in Slovak Simmental dairy cows
Get PDFReceived: 2018-05-18 | Accepted: 2018-05-22 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.166-168The aim of study was to evaluate the impact of genetic and non-genetic factors on somatic cells count in Slovak Simmental dairy cows in period 2009 to 2013. We observed subsequent results in dairy cows of 55 822 Slovak Simmental cattle. Data were analysed using the SAS and linear model with fixed effects of herd, years and months controls, sire, breeding type. The results of somatic cells count during the years 2009 and 2013 were as follows: the highest number of samples was analysed during 2010 (n = 288 215), where the average count was 560.48*103 ·ml-1. The lowest average value of somatic cells count was of amount of 535.93*103 ·ml-1 (n = 280 732) in 2009.The linear model represents coefficient determination R2 = 0.038296 % (P<0.001) for SCC with all fixed effects. According to the analyses by the effects on SCC the highest effect was the effect of herd R2 = 0.021625, then effect of sire R2 = 0.015075. These effects were highly statistically significant (P<0.001). Correlation coefficients among milk in kg, fat, protein in % with somatic cells count were r = -0.12918, r = 0.04166 and r = 0.11423. These coefficients were highly statistically significant (P<0.001). Keywords: dairy cows, milk production, Slovak Simmental cattle, somatic cells count and coefficient of determinationReferencesAlhussien M.N., Dang A.K. (2018) Milk somatic cells, factors influencing their release, future prospects, and practical utility in dairy animals: An overview. Veterinary World, 11 (5), 562-577. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.562-577Boro, P., Naha, B., Prakash, Ch., Madkar, A., Kumar, N., Kumari, A., Prakash Channa, G. (2016) Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting milk composition in dairy cows. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 6 (2), 170-174.Cerón-Muñoz, M., Tonhati, H., Duarte, J., Oliveira, J., Muñoz-Berrocal, M., Jurado-Gámez, H. (2002) Factors affecting somatic cell counts and their relations with milk and milk constituent yield in buffaloes. Journal of dairy science, 85 (11), 2885-2889 https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(02)74376-2/pdfde Freitas, J. A., da Silva, J., FróesGarcezNeto, A., Machado dos Santos, T. (2017) Somatic cell count and milk yield on physicochemical components of milk from free-stall housed cows. Semina: CiênciasAgrárias, 38 (2). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p909Jadhav, P.V., Tarate, S.B., Bhuvana, M., Das, D.N., Shome, B.R. (2016) Somatic cell count as a monitoring system for hygienic milk production in India: A review. Asian J. Dairy & Food Res., 35, 270-277.Japertienė, R., Anskienė, L., Japertas, S. (2016) Evaluation of the milk production and somatic cell count of Lithuanian purebred and crossbred dairy cows. VeterinarijairZootechnika, 73 (95) Supplement, 51-57.Jattawa, D., Koonawootrittriron, S., Elzo, M. A., Suwanasopee, T. (2012) Somatic cells count and its genetic association with milk yield in dairy cattle raised under Thai tropical environmental conditions. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 25 (9), 1216. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12159Oudah, E. Z. M. (2009) Non-genetic factors affecting somatic cell count, milk urea content, test-day milk yield and milk protein percent in dairy cattle of the Czech Republic using individual test-day records. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 21.Rhone, J. A., Koonawootrittriron, S., Elzo M.A. (2008) Factorsaffecting milk yield, milk fat, bacterial score, and bulk tank somatic cell count of dairy farms in the central region of Thailand. In Tropical animal health and production, 40 (2), 147-153.Saravanan, R., Das, D. N., De, S., Panneerselvam, S. (2015) Effect of season and parity on somatic cell count across zebu and crossbred cattle population. Indian J. Anim. Res., 49, 383-387. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00127.2SAS User’s Guide 2002-2003. Version 9.3 (TS1M3). SAS Institute. Inc., Carry. NC. USA.Savić, N. R., Mikulec, D. P., Radovanović, R. S. (2017) Somatic Cell Counts in Bulk Milk and their Importance for Milk Processing. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 85, p012085.Sharif, A., Muhammad, G. (2008) Somatic cell count as an indicator of udder health status under Modern dairy production: a review. Pakistan Vet. J., 28 (4), 194-200.Souza, G. N., Brito, José R. F., Brito, Maria A. V. P., Moreira, Élvio C., da Silva, Marcos V. G. B.(2005) Factors affecting somatic cell counts (SCC) in Brazilian dairy cows. In: Animals and environment. Vol.1: Proceedings of the XII-th ISAH Congress on Animal Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 4-8 September 2005, BEL Studio sp. zoo., 237-240.Tančin, V., Mikláš, Š., Mačuhová, L. (2018) Possible physiological and environmental factors affecting milk production and udder health of dairy cows: a review. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 51 (1), 32–40.The Breeding Service of the Slovak Republic. S.E., (B.S. SR, S.E.) (2014) Results of dairy herd milk recording in Slovak Republic at control years 2009 to 2013
Egg production, quality parameters and sensory attributes of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed low crude protein diet supplemented with lysine
No full textReceived: 2018-02-26 | Accepted: 2018-03-26 | Available online: 2018-03-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.24-30Egg production, quality parameters and sensory attributes were assessed using two hundred and eight (208) uniform female Japanese quails aged six weeks fed low-protein diet supplemented with lysine. The birds were raised on a conventional diet before being allocated into 4 dietary groups of 4 replicates of 13 birds each in a completely randomized design in a six week feeding trial. Diet T1 had a crude protein (CP) content of 21% and lysine inclusion of 0.10% while diets T2, T3 and T4 contained 19%, 17% and 15% CP with lysine inclusion of 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25% respectively. Birds fed T2 had significantly higher (p<0.05) egg weight. External egg parameters including egg length, egg width, eggshell thickness, eggshell percentage, egg shape index and eggshell surface area were significantly influenced (p<0.05). Internal egg quality characteristics including average yolk weight, yolk height, yolk length, yolk colour, albumen length, albumen weight and yolk index were significantly different (p<0.05). The panelist response on egg sensory properties showed that ease of eggshell peeling, taste and overall acceptability were also significantly influenced (p<0.05). Quails fed T1 and T2 compared favourably interms of egg weight, egg length, eggshell index, eggshell surface area, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk length, yolk colour, yolk index, albumen weight, egg taste and overall acceptability unlike those fed T3-T4. Quails fed T4 had the overall least egg weight, quality parameters and acceptance because they were not easily peeled and tastes unusual. Therefore, a 19% CP diet with 0.20% lysine is adequate for laying quails.Keywords: amino acid, egg, external parameters, internal qualities, organoleptic propertiesReferencesABD EL-MAKSOUD, A. et al. (2011). Performance of local laying hens as affected by low protein diets and amino acids supplementation. In Egypt. Poult. Sci., vol. 31, pp. 249-258.ALAGAWANY, M. and MAHROSE, K. M. (2014). Influence of different levels of certain essential amino acids on the performance, egg quality criteria and economics of lohmann brown laying hens. In Asian J. Poult. Sci., vol. 8, pp. 82-96. doi: http://dx.doi.org 10.3923/ajpsaj.2014.82.96ALAGAWANY, M. et al., (2014). Effect of low-protein diets with crystalline amino acid supplementation on egg production, blood parameters and nitrogen balance in laying Japanese quails. Avian Biology Research, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 235-243. doi: http://dx.doi.org 10.3184/175815514X14152945166603ajpsaj.2014.82.96ANI, A. O. et al. (2009).Response of growing Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks to diets containing different energy and protein levels. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production. Uyo 15-18.3.2009. Uyo, Nigeria: NSAP. pp. 328-331.BAMGBOSE, A. M. and BIOBAKU, W.O. (2003). Utilisation of cotton seed cake as replacement for groundnut cake in layers’ diet: Performance and egg quality characteristics. In J. Pure Appl. Sci. vol. 3, pp 140-148.BAWA, G. S. et al (2011). Responses of Japanese quails to varying dietary protein levels in the Tropics. In Nig. J. Anim. Prod., vol. 38, no 1, pp. 43-54.BUNCHASAK, C. et al. (2005). Effect of dietary protein on egg production and immunity responses of laying hens during peak production period. In Int. J. Poult. Sci., vol. 4, pp. 701-708.CORZO, A. et al. (2005). Response of broiler chicks to essential and non-essential amino acid supplementation of low crude protein diets. In Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 118, pp 319-327. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.11.007COSTA, F. G. P. et al. (2004). Níveis de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável na produção e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras da linhagem Lohmann brown. 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Protein, methionine + cystine and lysine levels for Japanese quail during the production phase. In Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. vol.7, no.1, pp.11-18. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2005000100002GUNAWARDANA, P. et al. (2008). Effect of energy and protein on performance, egg components, egg solids, egg quality and profits in molted hy-line W-36 hens. In J. Applied Poult. Res., vol. 17, pp 432-439. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2007-00085HEMID, A. F. A. et al. (2010). Alleviating effects of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail laying performance. World Journal of Agric. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 517-524.KHAJALI, F. et al. (2008). Production performance and egg quality of Hy-line W36 laying hens fed reduced-protein diets at a constant total sulfur amino acid: Lysine ratio. In J. Applied Poult. Res., vol. 17, pp. 390-397. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00002MANJU, G. U. et al. (2015). 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In: Microlivestock – Little known small animal with a promising future. Nation. Academy Press. Washington D. C. pp. 147-155. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/1831PANDA, A.K., et al. (2010). Replacement of normal maize with quality protein maize on performance, immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. In Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci,. vol. 23, pp. 1626-1631.PINTO, R. et al. (2003) Lysine requirements for laying Japanese quails. In Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, vol. 32, pp.1182-1189. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982003000500019SAS (2000). SAS/ STAT Guide for personal computers version and Edition, Cary, North Carolina, SAS Insitute; 2000.SHITTU, T.A. and OGUNJIMI, O. (2011). Effect of low cost shell coating and storage conditions on the raw and cooked qualities of shell egg. In CyTA-Journl of Food, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 34-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19476330903450423SKLAN, D. and PLAVNIK, I. 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Fatty acid composition of maize silages from different hybrids
Get PDFReceived: 2016-12-13 | Accepted: 2016-12-18 | Available online: 2017-12-31http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.04.95-98The aim of this research was to determine the fatty acid content in maize silages of different hybrids. Grain hybrid with FAO number 420 and silage hybrid with stay-green maturation with FAO number 450 were evaluated. Maize hybrids were grown under the same agro-ecological conditions, and harvested on growing degree days 1277 (FAO 420) and 1297 (FAO 450). Whole-plant maize was chopped to 10 mm by harvester with kernel processor and immediately ensiled in plastic barrels (volume 50 dm3). Maize matter was ensiled without silage additives. For fatty acids analyses samples of maize silages were taken after 8 week of ensiling. Content of fatty acids was quantified by gas chromatography. Examined maize of both hybrids had the highest linoleic acid content, followed by oleic acid and third highest content of palmitic acid. The results confirmed differences in fatty acid content in maize silages of different hybrids. In silages of grain hybrid was detected significantly higher content of palmitic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid and significantly lower content of oleic acid in compared with silage of silage hybrid. This ultimately resulted in a higher polyunsaturated fatty acids content (P < 0.05) in maize silage from grain hybrid and lower monounsaturated fatty acids content (P < 0.05) in maize silage from stay green hybrid. Keywords: fatty acid, maize, hybrid, silageReferences Alezones, J. et al. (2010) Caracterización del perfil de ácidos grasos en granos de híbridosde maíz blanco cultivados en Venezuela. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 397–404.Alves, S.P. et al. (2011) Effect of ensiling and silage additives on fatty acid composition of ryegrass and corn experimental silages. Journal of Animal Science, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 2537–2545. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3128Arvidsson, K., Gustavsson, A.-M. and Martinsson, K. (2009) Effects of conservation method on fatty acid composition of silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 148, no. 2–4, pp. 241–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.04.003Balušíková, Ľ. et al. (2017) Fatty acids of maize silages of different hybrids. In NutriNet 2017. České Budějovice: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, pp. 13–19.Bíro, D. et al. (2014) Conservation and adjustment of feeds. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture. 223 p. (in Slovak).Blažková, K. et al. (2012) Comparison of in vivo and in vitro digestibility in horses. In Koně 2012. České Budějovice: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, pp. 1–7.Boufaïed, H. et al. (2003) Fatty acids in forages. I. Factors affecting concentrations. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 501–511. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a02-098Capraro, D. et al. (2017) Feeding finishing heavy pigs with corn silages: effects on backfat fatty acid composition and ham weight losses during seasoning. Italian Journal of Animal Science, vol.16, no. 4, pp. 588–592. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2017.1302825Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of 27 January 2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed. L 54/1. 130 p.Eurostat 1 Green maize by area, production and humidity. [Online] Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tag00101&plugin=1 [Accessed: 2017- 10-30].Galassi, G. et al. (2016) Digestibility, metabolic utilisation and effects on growth and slaughter traits of diets containing whole plant maize silage in heavy pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 122–131. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2016.1269299Glasser, E. et al. (2013) Fat and fatty acid content and composition of forages: a meta-analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol.185, no. 1–2, pp. 19–34. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.06.010Guermah, H., Maertens, L. and Berchiche, M. (2016) Nutritive value of brewersʼ grain and maize silage for fattening rabbits. World Rabbit Science, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 183–189. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2016.4353Han, L. and Zhou, H. (2013) Effects of ensiling process and antioxidants on fatty acids concentrations and compositions in corn silages. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2f2049-1891-4-48Kalač, P. and Samková, E. (2010) The effects of feeding various forages on fatty acid composition of bovine milk fat: A review. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 521–537.Khan, N.A., Cone, J.W. and Hendriks, W.H. (2009) Stability of fatty acids in grass and maize silages after exposure to air during the feed out period. Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 154, no. 3–4, pp. 183–192. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.09.005Khan, N.A. et al. (2011) Changes in fatty acid content and composition in silage maize during grain filling. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 91, no.6, pp. 1041–1049. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4279Khan, N.A. et al. (2012) Causes of variation in fatty acid content and composition in grass and maize silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 174, no. 1–2, pp. 36–45. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.02.006KHAN, N.A. et al. (2015) Effect of species and harvest maturity on the fatty acids profile of tropical forages. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 739–746.Kokoszyński, D. et al. (2014) Effect of corn silage and quantitative feed restriction on growth performance, body measurements, and carcass tissue composition in White Kołuda W31 geese. Poultry Science, vol. 93, no. 8, pp.1993–1999. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03833Loučka, R. and Tyrolová, Y. (2013) Good practice for maize silaging. Praha: Institute of Animal Science.Mir, P.S. (2004) Fats in Corn Silage. Advanced Silage Corn Management 2004. [Online] Available from: http://www.farmwest.com/chapter-8-quality-of-corn-silage [Accessed: 2017- 10-30].Mojica-Rodríguez, J.E. et al. (2017) Effect of stage of maturity on fatty acid profile in tropical grasses. Corpoica Ciencia Tecnología Agropecuaria, vol. 18, no.2, pp. 217–232. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol18_num2_art:623Nazir, N.A. et al. (2011) Changes in fatty acid content and composition in silage maize during grain filling. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 91, no. 6, pp.1041–1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4279Oliveira, M.A. et al. (2012) Fatty acids profile of milk from cows fed different maize silage levels and extruded soybeans. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 192–203. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402012000100017SAS Institute (2008) Statistical Analysis System Institute, Version 9.2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.Van Ranst, G. et al. (2009) Influence of herbage species, cultivar and cutting date on fatty acid composition of herbage and lipid metabolism during ensiling. Grass and Forage Science, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 196–207. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00686.xZeman, L. et al. (2006) Nutrition and feeding of livestock. Praha: Profi Press. 360 p. (in Czech)
Zea mays L. hybrids kernels evaluated by image analysis tools
Get PDFReceived: 2018-06-07 | Accepted: 2018-06-19 | Available online: 2018-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.02.77-83The aim of this study was to distinguishing between kernels of maize hybrids by the use of image analysis tools. We analyzed 10 registered Zea mays L. hybrids (5 – dent, 2 – semi-flint to flint, and 3 – semi-flint to dent type). Different parameters on ventral, dorsal, corolla side, and lateral side cross section of kernel were measured. Sample per each hybrid comprised 50 maize kernels. Acquired bio-images were processed by software Zeiss AxioVision Rel. 4.8. We analyzed the segmented regions of interest on the kernels. The data for area (mm2), height and width (mm) were gathered from these regions. The hybrid ZE EDOX significantly differed (p < 0.05) from all other hybrids almost in all traits. It is the hybrid with the smallest area of the whole kernel, floury endosperm proportion, and depressed part on corolla. The new trait the area of the depressed part on the kernel corolla was measured. The hybrids with smaller proportion of floury endosperm had smaller area of depressed part, and vice versa. The image analysis methods can usefully contribute to selection of proper hybrids for different types of use.Keywords: maize, Zea mays L., kernel, image analysisReferencesBLASCHKE, T. et al. (2014) Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis – Towards a new paradigm. In ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 87, pp. 180–191.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.09.014DE CARVALHO, M. L. M., VAN AELST, A. C., VAN ECK, J. W., HOEKSTRA, F. A. (1999) Pre-harvest stress cracks in maize (Zea mays L.) kernels as characterized by visual, X-ray and low temperature scanning electron microscopical analysis: effect on kernel quality. In Seed Science Research, vol. 9, pp. 227–236.DELL´AQUILA, A. (2006) Computerised seed imaging: a new tool to evaluate germination quality. In Communications in Biometry and Crop Science, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 20–31.ERASMUS, C. (2003) Maize kernel translucency measurement by Image Analysis and its relationship to vitreousness and dry milling performance. PhD thesis. Pretoria: University of Pretoria.FOX, G. and MANLEY, M. (2009) Hardness methods for testing maize kernels. In Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 57, no. 13, pp. 5647–5657. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900623wGLASBEY, C. A. and HORGAN, G. W. (2001) Image analysis in agriculture research. In Quantitative Approaches in System Analysis, special issue, vol. 23, pp. 43–54.GUELPA, A., DU PLESIS, A., KIDD, M., MANLEY, M. (2015) Nondestructive estimation of maize (Zea mays L.) kernel hardness by means of an X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) density calibration. In Food and Bioprocess Technology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1419–1429.JANDA, J. and MICHALEC, V. (1982) Mayze. Bratislava: Príroda. 408 p.MUTTERER, J. and ZINCK, E. (2013) Quick‐and‐clean articlefigures with FigureJ. In Journal of Microscopy, vol. 252, pp. 89– 91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12069ROBUTTI, J. L., HOSENEY, R. C. and WASSOM, C. E. (1974). Modified opaque-2 corn endosperms. ll. Structure viewed with a scanning electron microscope. In American Association of Cereal Chemists, vol. 51, pp. 173–180.RODRÍGUEZ-PULIDO, F. J. et al. (2012) Ripeness estimation of grape berries and seeds by image analysis. In Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 82, pp. 128–133.SCHINDELIN, J., RUEDEN, C. T., HINER, M. C., ELICEIRI, K. W. (2015) The ImageJ ecosystem: An open platform for biomedical image analysis. In Mol. Reprod. Dev., vol. 82, pp. 518–529. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.22489UCHIDA, S. (2013) Image processing and recognition for biological images. In Development, growth and differentiation,vol. 55, pp. 523–549. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12054WATSON, S. A. (1987) Structure and composition. In WATSON, S. A. and RAMSTAD, P. E. (Eds.). Corn chemistry and technology. St. Paul: American Association of Cereal Chemists.WIWART M. et al. (2012) Identification of hybrids of spelt and wheat and their parental forms using shape and color descriptors. In Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 83,pp. 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2012.01.01
Finding ‘the long-lost’ Croatian Lipizzan mare families
Get PDFReceived: 2018-05-29 | Accepted: 2018-05-29 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.169-172Lipizzan horse breed was founded in 1580 in Lipica and introduced to Croatia in 1800 by earl Andrija Jankovich- Bésán. Earl Jankovich founded stallion bloodline Tulip and mare families Czirka, Ercel, Traviata, Margit, Manczi and 502 Moszgo Perla. Herd books showed that South African Lipizzan population is based on Czirka and Ercel mare families that are originally Croatian thus provided potential genetic enrichment of Croatian Lipizzan gene pool. In this study a 648 bp mitochondrial DNA fragment from 50 South African Republic Lipizzan horses was analysed and 249 sequences from Čačić doctoral thesis was retrieved. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of South African Lipizzan horses and their comparison with Croatian Lipizzan horses present that South African Lipizzan horses have five unique haplotypes but still maintain connection with Croatian Lipizzan by sharing a haplotype. Future analysis with high throughput genetic marker such as SNP or WGS will surely provide interesting results.ReferencesAberle, K. S., Hamann, H., Drögemüller, C., Distl, O. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships of German heavy draught horse breeds inferred from mitochondrial DNA D‐loop variation. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 124 (2), 94-100. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00636.xBandelt, H., Forster, P., Röhl, A. (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16 (1), 37-48. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036Čačić, M. (2011) Genetička analiza lipicanaca u Hrvatskoj. Doktorska disertacija. Zagreb: Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet.Čačić, M., Tadić, D., Korabi, N., Mlađenović, M., Čabrajec, M., Matasović, M., Ljubešić, J., Baban, M., Rastija, T., Prvanović N. (2008) Brojno stanje, uzgojna analiza i organiziranost uzgoja lipicanaca u Republici Hrvatskoj. 2. Hrvatski simpozij o lipicanskoj pasmini – s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem, Đakovo.Dalglish, M. (2011) Lipizzaner stallions, a cavalry officer & his girls. A history of the South African Lipizzaner Team. Kyalami.Jankovich-Bésán, S. (2010) The flight of the Lipizzaners. Wandsbeck. South Africa.Librado, P., Rozas, J. (2009) DnaSP v5: a soft ware for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25, 1451-1452. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187Lipizzan International Federation (2009) Conditions of origin of the pure bred Lipizzaner. Lipizzan South African Center, Breeding books.McWilliam, H., Li, W., Uludag, M., Squizzato, S., Park, Y. M., Buso, N., Cowley, A. P., Lopez, R. (2013) Analysis Tool Web Services from the EMBL-EBI. Nucleic acids research, 41, 597-600. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt376 Spanish Riding School – Federal Stud Piber (2010) Studbook on the Origins of the Lipizzaner Breed. [Online] Piber, Austria. Available at: http://docplayer.net/amp/48020873-Studbook-on-the-origins-of-the-lipizzaner-breed.html. [Accessed 21 July 2018].Steinhausz, M. (1924) Lipicanac. Postanak i gojidbena izgradnja pasmine. Zagreb: Gospodarska knjižnica.Xu, X. and Arnason, U. (1994) The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the horse, Equus caballus: extensive heteroplasmy of the control region. Gene, 148, 357-362. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(94)90713-