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The analysis of factors affecting the calving difficulty in Slovak Spotted cattle
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2018-09-10 | Accepted: 2018-10-25 | Available online: 2018-09-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.03.119-124The aim of this study was to analyse several genetic and non-genetic factors that can affect the calving difficulty of Slovak Spotted cattle and to find out their statistical significance. A total of 417030 calving difficulty records from 174795 dams were collected during the calving parity from 2001 to 2017. The impact of factors affecting the calving difficulty was analysed by using procGLM implemented in SAS 9.3 on the basis of multifactor analysis of variance. The effects of the herd, a year of calving, the sex of a calf, a breed type, a month of calving, the parity and the sire were tested. The sex of born calf was the most statistically significant factor (R2 =25,5 %). The calving difficulty was significantly affected also by the herd, a year of calving, a month of calving, the parity and sire. Each of these effects showed high level of significance (P<0.001). The lowest level of statistical significance was found for effect of breed type. Based on obtained results we recommend continuing to use the recording of calving difficulty for the purposes of evaluation of effect of sire on inheritance.Keywords: cattle, calving difficulty, non-genetic factors, reproductionReferencesBOGDÁNYI I. et al. (1996) Breeding target and breed standard of Slovak spotted cattle. Trebišov: Slovak Simmental Breeders Association.CORTES-LACRUZ, X. et al. (2017) Genetic evaluation of calving ease in Parda de Montana beef breed based on linear and threshold models. Web of Science, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 158– 175. doi: https://doi.org/10.12706/itea.2017.010EAGLEN, S. A. E. and BIJMA, P. (2009) Genetic parameters of direct and maternal effects for calving ease in Dutch HolsteinFriesian cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 2229– 2237. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1654GAAFAR, H. M. A. et al. (2011) Dystocia in Friesian cows and its effects on postpartum reproductive performance and milk production. Tropical animal health and production, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 229–234. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s11250-010-9682-3GRÆSBŒLL, K. et al. (2015) Danish Holsteins favor bull offspring: biased milk production as a function of fetal sex, and calving difficulty. Plos One. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0124051HINRICHS, D. and THALLER, G. (2011) Pedigree analysis and inbreeding effects on calving traits in large dairy herds in Germany. Journal of Animal Science, vol. 94, no. 9, pp. 4726– 4733. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4100INOUE, K. et al. (2017) Inferring causal structures and comparing the causal effects among calving difficulty, gestation length and calf size in Japanese Black cattle. Animal, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 2120–2128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1751731117000957JOHANSON, J. M. and BERGER, P. J. (2003) Birth weight as a predictor of calving ease and perinatal mortality in Holstein cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 3745–3755. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73981-2JUOZAITIENE, V. et al. (2017) Relationship between dystocia and the lactation number, stillbirth and mastitis prevalence in dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria Brno, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 345–352. doi: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb20178604034KADLEČÍK, O. et al. (2013) Diversity of cattle breeds in Slovakia. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 145–150.KOTÁSEK, M. S. (2012) Evaluation calving difficulty of heifers and cows in the Slovak Republic: Ph.D. Thesis. Nitra: SUA (in Slovak).OLSON, K.M. et al. (2009) Dystocia, stillbirth, gestation length, and birth weight in Holstein, Jersey, and reciprocal crosses from a planned experiment. Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 92, no. 12, pp. 6167–6175. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/ jds.2009-2260RYBA, Š. (2010) Evaluation calving difficulty cows of individual breeds in the Slovak Republic: Ph.D. Thesis. Nitra: Slovak university of agriculture (in Slovak).SAS Institute Inc. (2011) SAS 9.3 Statements: Reference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.SCHAEFFER, L. R. (2003) Application of random regression models in animal breeding. Livestock production Science, vol. 86, no. 1–3, pp. 35–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0301-6226(03)00151-9SHAVHUZHEV, A. and BELIK N. (2017) Milk productivity of Simmental cows Austrian selection. In: 16th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development: Proceedings, 24–26. 5. 2017 Jelgava, Latvia, pp. 1354–1358. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/ERDev2017.16.N304SILVESTRE, A. Et al. (2018) Genetic parameters of calving ease in dairy cattle using threshold and linear models. Italian Journal of Animal Science. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1482801SLOVAK SIMMENTAL BREEDERS ASSOCIATION (2018) The history of the breed. [Online]. Retrieved 2017-06-10 from http://www.simmental.sk/o-plemene/historia-vzniku-plemena.htmlSOLTNER, D. (1978) La production de viande bovine. 2nd ed. H. Siraudeau et cie Angers.STRAPÁK, P. et al. (2011) Evaluation calving difficulty in the Slovak Republic. Nitra: SUA (in Slovak).STRAPÁK P. et al. (2013) Breeding cattle. Nitra: SUA (in Slovak).VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, K. et al. (2007) Calving analysis in cows of Charolais breed at selected farm. Journal of Central European Agriculture, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 183–190.ZAHRÁDKOVÁ, R. (2009) Beef cattle: from A to Z. Praha: The Czech Beef Breeders Association (in Czech)
Analysis of foot and claw diseases/disorders in Czech Holstein cows
Get PDFReceived: 2018-05-07 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.194-196Foot and claw diseases/disorders from 24 545 lactations of 10 340 Holstein cows were recorded on 7 farms in the Czech Republic from 1999 to 2018. There were defined a three groups of foot and claw disorders/diseases: diseases of skin (SD), which cover digital, interdigital dermatitis and interdigital phlegmon; then disorders of the claw horn (CH) including ulcers, white line disease, horn fissures, together with double sole and overall claw diseases (OCD) ingluding all the recorded disorders. The OCD ratio observed during 1th and 305th days of lactation was 52.56% of all evaluated lactations. The observed ratio of SD and CH were 28.61% and 27.15%, respectively. A foot and claw disorders were defined as 0/1 occurrence per lactation, for the purposes of analyses,. Genetic parameters were estimated using by linear animal models for evaluated traits. Models included the random additive genetic effect of animal (A), the permanent environmental effect of cow (PE), fixed effects of parity, farm, year and season of calving, and age at calving as discreet variables in classes. The estimated heritability were 13.84%, 12.64% and 9.83%, 8.73% and 9.97%, for OCD, CH, SD, ulcers (U) and for dermatitis digitalis and interdigitalis (DD), respectively. Genetic correlation was 17.66% between SD and CH, whereas traits SD and DD equal high genetic similarity (98.4%). Also correlation between CH and U traits was high (92.62%). The presented results indicate to possibility of selection against foot and claw disorders/diseases for Czech Holstein population. The work was supported by the project QJ1510144 and the institutional support MZE-RO0718 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic.Keywords: cattle, foot and claw disorders, genetic parameters, health traits, uddeReferencesBuch, L. H., A. C. Sørensen, J. Lassen, P. Berg, J. A. Eriksson, J. H. Jakobsen, M. K. Sørensen (2011) Hygiene-related and feed-related hoof diseases show different patterns of genetic correlations to clinical mastitis and female fertility. J. Dairy Sci., 94, 1540-1551.Chapinal, N., A. Koeck, A. Sewalem, D. F. Kelton, S. Mason, G. Cramer,F. Miglior (2013) Genetic parameters for hoof lesions and their relationship with feet and leg traits in Canadian Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci., 96, 2596-2604.Egger-Danner, C., O.K. Hansen, K. Stock, J.E. Pryce, J. Cole, N. Gengler, B. Heringstad (2013) Challenges and benefits of health data recording in the context of food chain quality, management and breeding. ICAR Technical Series.Groeneveld, E., M. Kovač, and N. Mielenz (2008) VCE User’s Guide and Reference Manual, Version 6.0. Krpálková, L., M. Štípková & M. Krejčová, 2016. Vliv zdraví paznehtů a úrovně reprodukce na výkonnost a zisk stáda dojnic. Náš chov, 76 (9), 58-63.Krupová, Z., Krupa, E., Michaličková, M., Wolfová, M., Kasarda, R. (2016) Economic values for health and feed efficiency traits of dual-purpose cattle in marginal areas. Journal of Dairy Science, ,. 99, s. 644-656.Madsen, P. , J. Jensen. 2010. DMU – a package for analysing multivariate mixed models. Version 6, release 5.0., Aarhus University, Foulum, Denmark.Pérez-Cabal, M. A. ,N. Charfeddine, N. (2015) Models for genetic evaluations of claw health traits in Spanish dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 98 (11), 8186-8194.Sogstad, A. M., T. Fjeldaas, O. Østerås, K. P. Forshell. (2005) Prevalence of claw lesions in Norwegian dairy cattle housed in tie stalls and free stalls. Prev. Vet. Med., 70, 191-209.van der Spek, D., J.A. van Arendonk, A.A. Vallée, H. Bovenhuis (2013) Genetic parameters for claw disorders and the effect of preselecting cows for trimming. J Dairy Sci., 96 (9), 6070-6078.van der Waaij, E. H., M. Holzhauer, E. Ellen, C. Kamphuis, G.de Jong. (2005) Genetic parameters for claw disorders in Dutch dairy cattle and correlations with conformation traits. J. Dairy Sci., 88, 3672-3678
The impact of the humic acid and phytobiotics on performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens
Get PDFReceived: 2018-05-29 | Accepted: 2018-05-29 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.173-178The aim of this experiment was to determine the influence of humic substances, and combination humic substances and selected phytobiotics on production and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. In experiment from total 200 one-day-old ROSS 308 chickens were randomized into four groups (n = 50). The control group was fed with basal diet (BD) without any additives. Group of chickens marked as treatment 1 (T1) was fed a BD containing 2% of humic acid, the group marked as treatment 2 (T2) was fed a BD containing 78% of humic acids, 18% of garlic powder (Allium sativum L.), 1% of milled dried leaves of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), 1% of milled dried leaves of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), 1% of milled dried leaves of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and 1% of milled dried leaves of bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), together 2 kg /100kg complete feed mixture (BD). In the group marked as treatment T3 were chicken fed with BD containing industrially produced coccidiostats. Experiment lasted 42 days. At the end of the experiment was average body weight (values in the order of the groups: 1808.03 ±212.39; 1981.75 ±203.32; 1895.59 ±178.75 and 1955.31 ±237.16 g ±SD) significantly higher (P0.05).Keywords: Allium sativum L., Artemisa absinthium, broiler chicken, carcass parameters, humic acid, Menyanthes trifoliata, Origanum vulgare, performance parameters, Thymus vulgarisReferencesAlipour, F., Hassanabadi, A., Golian, A., Nassiri-Moghaddam, H. (2015) Effect of plant extracts derived from thyme on male broiler performance. Poutry Science, 94 (11), 2630-2634. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev220Bacler-Żbikowska, B. (2012) Zasoby gatunkowe cennych roślin leczniczych powiatu włoszczowskiego. Część 3 – bobrek trójlistkowy Menyanthes trifoliata L. Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis, 66 (6), 7-12.Bertella, A, Benlahcen, K, Abouamama, S., Pinto, D.C.G.A., Maamar, K., Kihal, M., Silva, A.M.S. (2018) Artemisia herba-alba Asso. essential oil antibacterial activity and acute toxicity. Industrial Crops and Products, 116, 137-143. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.064Ceylan, N., Çiftçi, İ., İlhan, Z. (2003) The effects of some alternative feed additives for antibiotic growth promoters on the performance and gut microflora of broiler chicks. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 27 (3), 727-733.Diaz-Sanchez, S., D’Souza, D., Biswas, D., Hanning, I. (2015) Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry production. Poultry Science, 94 (6), 1419-1430. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev014Giannenas, I., Bonos, E., Christaki, E., Florou-Paneri, P. (2018) Oregano: A Feed Additive with Functional Properties. In: Therapeutic Foods, A volume in Handbook of Food Bioengineering, 179–208.Hafeez, A., Manner, K., Schieder, C., Zentek, J. (2016) Effect of supplementation of phytogenic feed additives (powdered vs.encapsulated) on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 95 (3), 622-629. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev368Haselmeyer, A., Zentek, J., Chizzola, R. (2014) Effects of thyme as a feed additive in broiler chickens on thymol in gut contents, blood plasma, liver and muscle. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95 (3), 504508. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6758 Hassan, H.M.A., M.A. Mohamed, A.W. Youssef, E.R. Hassan, (2010) Effect of using organic acids to substitute antibiotic growth promoters on performance and intestinal microflora of broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23, (10) 1348-1353. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2013-00901Issa, K. M., Omar, J. M. A. (2012) Effect of garlic powder on performance and lipid profile of broilers. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2 (2), 62-68. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2012.22010Kamali Sangani A, Masoudi A.A, Hosseini S.A (2014) The effects of herbal plants on mucin 2 gene expression and performance in ascetic broilers. IJVM 8 (1), 47-52.Khan, U, Nikousefat, Z, Tufarelli, V, Naz, S,Javdani, M, Laudadio, V. (2010) Garlic (Allium sativum L.) supplementation in poultry diets: effect on production and physiology. World's Poultry Science Journal, 68 (3), 417-24.Kuldeep Dhama, Ruchi Tiwari, Rifat Ullah Khan et al. (2014) Growth Promoters and Novel Feed Additives Improving Poultry Production and Health, Bioactive Principles and Beneficial Applications: The Trends and Advances-A Review. International Journal of Pharmacology, 10 (3), 129-159. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2014.129.159Lala, A. O., Okwelum, N., Oso, A. O., Ajao, A. O., Adegbenjo, A. A. (2017) Response of Broiler Chickens to Varying Dosage of Humic Acid in Drinking Water. Journal of Animal Production Research, 29 (1), 288-294. Mansoub, N.H. (2011) Comparative Effects of Using Garlic as Probiotic on Performance and Serum Composition of Broiler Chickens. Annals of Biological Research, 2 (3), 486-490.Marcinčáková, D., Mačanga, J., Nagy, J., Marcinčák, S., Popelka, P., Vašková, J., Jaďuttová, I., Mellen, M. (2015) Effect of supplementation of the diet with humic acids on growth performance and carcass yield of broilers. Folia Veterinaria, 59 (3), 165-168.Milošević, N., Vidica Stanaćev, V., Perić, L., Stojčić, M. D., Veljić, M. (2013) Effects of different levels of garlic powder in the diet on production parameters and slaughter traits of broiler chickens. Einfluss verschiedener Zulagen an Knoblauchpulver zum Futter auf Leistung und Schlachtkörpermerkmale von Broilern. Archiv für Geflügelkunde., 77 (4), 254-259.Nagaraju, R., Reddy, B.S., Gloridoss, R., Suresh, B.N., Ramesh, C. (2014) Effect of dietary supplementation of humic acids on performance of broilers. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 84 (4), 447-452.Ozturk, E., Ocak, N., Turan, A., Cankaya, S. (2012) Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92 (1), 59-65.Peek, H., W., Landman, W., J., M. (2011) Coccidiosis in poultry: anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies, 31 (3), 143-161. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2011.605247Pourmahmoud, B., Aghazadeh, A. M., Sis, N. M. (2013) The effect of thyme extract on growth performance, digestive organ weights and serum lipoproteins of broilers fed wheat- based diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 12 (3), 337-341. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2013.e53Ramiah, S. K., Zulkifli, I., Rahim, N. A. A., Ebrahimi, M., Meng, G. Y. (2014) Effects of Two Herbal Extracts and Virginiamycin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microflora Population and Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27 (3), 375-382. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13030Samanthi, K.A.M., Nayananjalie, W.A.D., Adikari, A.M.J.B., Liyanag, R. (2015) Dietary Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Supplementation on Performance, Meat Quality and Lipid Profile in Broilers. Rajarata University Journal, 3, 17-24SAS. User’s Guide 2005. Version 9.1(TS1M3). 2005. SAS Institute Inc., Carry.Seddiek, S.A., Ali, M. M., Khater, H. F., El-Shorbagy, M. M. (2011) Anthelmintic activity of the white wormwood, Artemisia herba-alba against Heterakis gallinarum infecting turkey poults. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5 (16), 3946-3957.Slyranda Baltini Aji, Kennedy Ignatius, Asha´Adatu Y. Ado, Joel Bakari Nuhu, Auwal Abdulkarim, Usman Aliyu, Muhammad Bello Gambo, Mohammed Adamu Ibrahim, Haruna Akubakar, Mohammed M. Bukar, Hama´Adama M., Imam and Patrik T. Numan. (2011) Effect of feeding Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum) on some Performance Characteristic of Broiler Chickens. Research Journal of Poultry Science, 4 (2), 22-27. Stanaćev, V., Glamočić, D., Milošević, N., Puvača, N., Stanaćev, V., Plavša, N. (2011) Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in fattening chick’s nutrition. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (4), 943-948.Šamudovská, A., Demeterová, M. (2010) Effect of Diet Supplemented with Natural Humic Compounds and Sodium Humate on Performance and Selected Metabolic Variables in Broiler Chickens. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 79 (3), 385-393. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079030385Taklimi, S.M.S.M., Ghahri, H., Isakan, M.A. (2012) Influence of different levels of humic acid and esterified glucomannan on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Agricultural Sciences, 3 (5), 663-668. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.35080Toghyani, M., Tohidi, M., Gheisari, A. A, Tabeidian, S. A. (2010) Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter. African Journal Biotechnology, 9 (40), 6819-6825.Wunderlich, F., Al-Quraishy, S., Steinbrenner, H., Sies, H., Dkhil, M. A. (2014)Towards identifying novel anti-Eimeria agents: trace elements, vitamins, and plant-based natural products. Parasitology Research, 113 (10), 3547-3556. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4101-8Zamora, G., M., Melendez, L. A. D., Hume, M.E., Vazquez, R. S. (2017) Performance, blood parameters, and carcass yield of broiler chickens supplemented with Mexican oregano oil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia-Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 46 (6), 515-520. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-9290201700060000
Comparative assessment of insect pests population densities of three selected cucurbit crops
Get PDFReceived: 2016-09-05 | Accepted: 2016-12-21 | Available online: 2017-12-31http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.04.78-83The study on the relative abundance of insect pests is a critical factor for a successful implementation of insect pest management program. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to compare the intensity of insect infestations among the selected three cucurbit crops (Cucumber, Egusi melon and Watermelon). The experiment was set up at Teaching and Research Farm Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Significant difference was observed in the tested crops in respect to insect population density on leaf, flower and fruit. Among the tested crops, watermelon was observed to be the most susceptible to the observed insects meanwhile the cucumber had the least insect infestation rate 0.00 at P < 0.05. Also the insect infestation was low as the maturity of the leaves increased. The population density of flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferea) and spotted beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) were observed to be relatively higher at vegetative stage and decreased at flowering stages while Dacus cucubitae caused significant economic damage during the fruiting stage to watermelon, melon and cucumber fruits (33.3, 20.0 and 1.0) respectively. This research work demonstrated that control of insect pests should be initiated at each growing stage of the selected crops.Keywords: Cucumber, Dacus cucubitae, Pyllotreta cruciferae, watermelon, melonReferencesAFZAL, M. and BASHIR, M.H. (2007) Influence of certain leaf characters of some summervegetables with incidence of predatory mites of the family cunaxidae. Pak. J. Bot., vol. 39, pp. 205–209.ALLWOOD, A. J. et al. (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, vol. 47, pp. 1–92; 26.ALAO, F. O. and ADEBAYO, T. A. 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Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04188.x SHARMA, H. C. et al. (2009) Morphological and chemical components of resistance to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in wild relatives of pigeonpea. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, vol. 3, pp. 151–161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-009-9068-5 SIMMONS, A. T. and GURR, G. M. (2004) Trichome-based host plant resistance of Lycopersicon species and the biocontrol agent Mallada signata: Are they compatible?. Entomol Exp Appl, vol. 113, pp. 95–101. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00210.x SMITH, C. M. and Clement, S. L. (2012) Molecular bases of plant resistance to arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology, vol. 57, pp. 309–328.STOTZ, H. U. et al. (2000) Induced plant defense responses against chewing insects. Ethylene signaling reduces resistance of Arabidopsis against Egyptian cotton worm but not diamondback moth. Plant Physiology, vol. 124, pp. 1007–1018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.124.3.100
Consumers’ sensory analysis of beef hamburger and tartare
Get PDFReceived: 2018-05-07 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.145-148In the last years, consumers preferences are more likely to purchase processed-meat products instead of single meat cuts. To adapt to the new demand, beef industry needs to study consumers’ sensory perception of the newly developed products to ensure their acceptability. This study aimed to examine consumers’ perception on sensory characteristics of two commercial processed-meat products (hamburger and tartare) from three different types of meat (Holstein-Italian bull, Charolaise bull, and Charolaise heifer). Sensory consumer test was conducted on a non-trained panel of 64 participants for each product to assess color, texture, odor, tenderness, juiciness, salty taste, flavor and overall satisfaction using a 1 (very low) to 7 (very high) intensity scale. Sensory data of each product was analyzed through a linear mixed model including meat type and order of presentation as fixed effects, and participant and residual as random effects. Chemical composition was determined by standard methods in 9 samples of each product (3 samples/type of meat). For hamburgers, protein ranged from 15.9 to 17.0% and fat from 9.1 to 12.9%. For tartare, protein ranged from 20.1 to 20.3%, and for fat from 3.2 to 5.2%. For hamburger, participants perceived differences (P<0.05) in color, tenderness and juiciness between meat types, being the Charolaise bull the most appreciated (P<0.05). For tartare, panelists reported differences (P<0.05) in color, texture and tenderness, being the Charolaise heifer the most appreciated (P<0.05). Our results suggested that the type of meat used related to the fat content can modify consumers’ sensory perception of processed-meat products.Keywords: bull, heifer, meat quality, processed-meatReferencesAOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Arlington: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Bureš, D. and Bartoň, L. (2012) Growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of bulls and heifers slaughtered at different ages. Czech J. Anim Sci., 57 (1), 34-43.Campo, M.M., Sanudo, C., Panea, B., Alberti, P., Santolaia P. (1999) Breed type and ageing time effects on sensory characteristics of beef strip loin steaks. Meat Science, 51 (4), 383-390.Chambaz, A., Scheeder, M.R., Kreuzer M., Dufey, P.A. (2003) Meat quality of Angus, Simmental, Charolais and Limousin steers compared at the same intramuscular fat content. Meat Science, 63 (4), 491-500.De Marchi, M., Berzaghi, P., Boukha, A., Mirisola, M., Galol, L. (2009) Use of near infrared spectroscopy for assessment of beef quality traits. c 6(SUPPL. 1), 421-423.Gallo, L., De Marchi, m., Bittante, G. (2014) A survey on feedlot performance of purebred and crossbred European young bulls and heifers managed under intensive conditions in Veneto, Northeast Italy. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 13 (4), 3285.Grunert, K.G. (2006) Future trends and consumer lifestyles with regard to meat consumption. Meat Science, 74, 149-160.Monsón, F., Sanudo, C. (2005) Influence of breed and ageing time on the sensory meat quality and consumer acceptability in intensively reared beef. Meat Science, 71, 471-479. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.026Resurreccion, A.V.A. (2004) Sensory aspects of consumer choices for meat and meat products. Meat Science, 66 (1), 11-20. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00021-4Venkata, R.B., Sivakumar AS, Jeong DW, Woo YB, Park SJ, Lee SY, Byun JY, Kim CH, Cho SH, Hwang I. (2015) Beef quality traits of heifer in comparision with steer, bull and cow at various feeding environments. Journal of Animal Science, 86 (1), 1-16. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.1226
Comparative study of productive performance and carcass parameters of Oravka, Amrock and their reciprocal crossbred chickens
Get PDFReceived: 2018-06-06 | Accepted: 2018-06-08 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.183-185The objective of this study was to compare the pure chicken breeds Oravka (OR; n = 50), Amrock (AM; n = 50) and their cross Oravka×Amrock (ORAM; n = 50) and Amrock×Oravka (AMOR; n = 50) for productive and carcass parameters. The birds were maintained on a deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. We recorded that crossbred ORAM and AMOR chickens performed better than the average of parental genotypes for body weight and body weight gain in brooding and growing period. The poor (P0.05) difference among pure and crossbred chickens. The highest carcass yield was observed in ORAM (62.53%) followed by AMOR (62.48%), AM (62.41%) and OR (62.39%) chickens.Keywords: body conformation, body weight, chicken, crossbreding, feed utilityReferencesAdebambo, A.O. (2011) Combining abilities among four breeds of chicken for feed efficiency variation: a preliminary assessment for chicken improvement in Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43, 1465-1466. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9844-yAlmasi, A., Suto, Z., Budai, Z., Donko, T., Milisits, G., Horn, P. (2012) Effect of age, sex and strain on growth, body composition and carcass characteristics of dual purpose type chicken. World´s Poultry Science Journal, Supplement 1, 47-50.Besbes, B. (2009) Genotype evaluation and breeding of poultry for performance under sub-optimal village conditions. World´s Poultry Science Journal, 65, 260-271. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.10.17/50043933909000221Brickett, K.E., Dahiya, J.P., Classen, H.L., Gomis, S. (2007) Influence of dietary nutrient density, feed form, and lighting on growth and meat yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 86, 2172-2181.Duncan, D.B. (1955). The Multiple Range and Multiple F-test. Biometrics, 11, 1-42. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3001478Havenstein, G.B., Ferket, P.R., Qureshi, M.A. (2003) Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poultry Science, 82, 1509-1518.Hoffmann, I. (2005) Research and investment in poultry genetic resources-challengs and options for sustainable use. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 61, 57-69. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1079/WPS200449Iraqi, M.M., Afifi, E.A., Abdel-Ghany, A.M., Afram, M. (2005) Diallel crossing analysis for livability data involving two standard and two native Egyptian chicken breeds. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 17 (7).Janocha, A., Osek, M., Klocek, B., Wasilowska, Z., Turyk, Z. (2003) Quality evaluation of broiler chickens of various genetic groups. Appl. Sci. Rep. Anim. Prod. Rev., 68, 141-148.JASP 0.8.6 software (2018).Khawaja, T., Khan, S. H., Mukhtar, N., Parveen, A. (2012) Comparative study of growth performance, meat quality and haematological parameters of Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red and their reciprocal crossbred chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 11, e39. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e39Khawaja, T., Khan, S. H., Parveen, A., Iqbal, J. (2016) Growth performance, meat composition and haematological parameters of first generation of newly evolved hybridized pure chicken and their crossbred parents. Veterinarski Arhiv, 86 (1), 135-148.Nawar, M.E., Aly, O.M., Abd El-Hamid, A.E. (2004) The effect of crossing on some economic traits in chickens. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 24, 163-176.Sengül, T., Cetin, M., Konca, Y., Yildiz, A. (2003) Comparison of growth performance and carcass yield of some commercial broilers. Journal of Poultry Research, 3 (1), 12-16.Sharaf, M.M., Mandour, M.A., Taha, A.E. (2006) Effect of diallel crossing on same growth performance, carcass traits and immune response against new castle disease virus vaccine of Japanese quails. Egyptian Poultry Science, 3, 1451-1470
The long-term different tillage and its effect on physical properties of heavy soils
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2018-05-31 | Accepted: 2018-07-09 | Available online: 2018-09-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.03.100-107Between 2006 and 2015 years the effect of different tillage of heavy clay loamy soils on their physical properties were studied. Field treatments were carried on Experimental workplace in Milhostov, in central part of the East Slovak Lowland. Conventional tillage, reduce tillage and no-tillage practises were examined. Soil samples were taken from topsoil in natural conditions without irrigation in spring time by Kopecky's rollers. From basic physical soil properties, the bulk density, total porosity and maximum capillary water capacity were analysed by known methods. The linear trend analysis was used for testing of long-term application of different soil tillage in relation to soil properties. Bulk density was in range 1331 – 1623 kg m-3, the lowest average values (in average 1466 kg m-3) was found for reduce tillage. Total porosity answered to bulk density and its values was from 38.12 % to 49.26 %, higher values were at conventional and reduce tillage and lower at no-tillage practise. Maximum capillary water capacity values in range 31.65 – 42.03 % reached level of values typical for heavy soils of the East Slovak Lowland. The trend analysis of 10-years-time series indicate decreasing of bulk density at conventional and reduce tillage variants, but its increasing for no-tillage variant. The time course of the total porosity had the opposite course than bulk density. Mainly for no-tillage variant, trend of decreasing of total porosity influence the possibility of air and water regimes changes for clay-loamy soil, which may result in a reduction of the transport function of soil. During observed period the changes of maximum capillary water capacity wasn’t significant. Application of soil protective technologies for heavy soils as integrated system, in long-time horizon doesn't have to mean deterioration of basic soil physical parameters.Key words: heavy soils, soil tillage, physical soil properties, long-term treatments, trend analyseReferences ALVAREZ, R., STEINBACH, H. S. 2009. A review of the effects of tillage systems on some physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. In: Soil Tillage Res., vol. 104, 2009, p. 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.005BÜCHI, L., WENDLING, M., AMOSSÉ, C., JEANGROS, B., SINAJ, S., CHARLES, R. 2017. Long and short term changes in crop yield and soil properties induced by the reduction of soil tillage in a long experiment in Switzerland. In: Soil Tillage Res., vol. 174, 2017, p. 120-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.07.002DAM, R. F., MEHDI, B. B., BURGESS, M. E. E., MADRAMOOTOO, C. A., MEHUYS, G. R. CALLUM, I. R. 2006. Soil bulk density and crop yield under eleven consecutive years of corn with different tillage and residue practices in a sandy loam soil in central Canada. In: Soil Tillage Res., vol. 84, 2006, N. 1, p. 41-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006ELDER, J. W., LAL, R. 2008. Tillage effect on physical properties of agricultural organic soils of north central Ohio. In: Soil Tillage Res., vol. 98, 2008, N. 2, pp. 208-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.12.002GŁĄB, T., KULIG, B. 2008. Effect of mulch and tillage system on soil porosity under wheat (Triticum aestivum). In: Soil Tillage Res., vol. 99, 2008, p. 169-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.02.004HRIVŇÁKOVÁ, K., MAKOVNÍKOVÁ, J. et al. 2011. Jednotné pracovné postupy rozborov pôd. (in Slovak) 1. vyd. Bratislava : VÚPOP, 2011. 136 s. ISBN 978-80-89128-89-1CHAJDIAK, J. 2005. Štatistické úlohy a ich riešenie v Exceli. (In Slovak) Bratislava : Statis, 2005. 268 s. ISBN 80-85659-39-5KOTOROVÁ, D. 2007. Zmeny vlastností ílovito-hlinitej pôdy pri jej rozdielnom obrábaní. (in Slovak) In: Agriculture (Poľnohospodárstvo), roč. 53, 2007, č. 4, s. 183-190.KOTOROVÁ, D., MATI, R. 2008. Properties and moisture regime of heavy soils in relation to their cultivation. In: VII. Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop, Cereal Research Communications, vol. 36, 2008, Suppl., p. 1751-1754.KOTOROVÁ, D., ŠOLTYSOVÁ, B. 2011. Fyzikálno-chemické vlastnosti ťažkých pôd. (in Slovak) 1. vyd. Piešťany : CVRV – Výskumný ústav agroekológie Michalovce, 2011. 95 s. ISBN 978-80-89417-34-6KOTOROVÁ, D., ŠOLTYSOVÁ, B. 2015. Vplyv pôdnych pomocných látok na fyzikálne a chemické vlastnosti pôd. (in Slovak) 1. vyd. Lužianky : NPPC – Výskumný ústav agroekológie Michalovce, 2015. 95 s. ISBN 978-80-971644-4-7KOTOROVÁ, D., ŠOLTYSOVÁ, B., MATI, R. 2010. Vlastnosti fluvizemí na Východoslovenskej nížine pri ich rozdielnom obrábaní. (in Slovak) 1. vyd. Michalovce : CVRV – Výskumný ústav agroekológie, 2010. 160 s. ISBN 978-80-89417-25-4LAL, R., REICOSKY, D. C., HANSON, J. D. 2007. Evolution of the plow over 10.000 years and the rationale for no-till farming. Soil Tillage Res, 93, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.11.004LEDVINA, R. et al. 2004. Půdoochranné technologie pro pěstování polních plodin. (In Czech) In: Collection of Scientific Papers. Series for Crop Sciences. České Budějovice : Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 21, 2004, N. 2, p. 61-66. ISBN 1212-0731LINKEŠ, V., PESTÚN, V., DŽATKO, M. 1996. Príručka pre používanie máp bonitovaných pôdno-ekologických jednotiek. (In Slovak) 3. vyd. Bratislava : VÚPÚ, 1996. 103 s. ISBN 80-85361-19-1MATI R., KOTOROVÁ D. 2007. The effect of soil tillage system on soil bulk density and other physical and hydrophysical characteristics of Gleyic Fluvisol. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 55: 4. 246-252.MOREIRA, W. H., TORMENA, C. A., KARLEN, D. L., PIRES da SILVA, A., KELLER, T., BETIOLI Jr., E. 2016. Seasonal changes in soil physical properties under no-tillage. Soil Tillage Res., 160, 53-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.007PALM, C., BLANCO-CANQUI, H., DECLERCK, F., GATERE, L., GRACE, P. 2014. Conservation agriculture and ecosystem services. Overview. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 187, 87-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.010SOANE, B. D., BALL, B. C., ARVIDSSON, J., BASCH, G., MORENO, F., ROGERESTRADE, J. 2012. No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: a review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil Tillage Res. 118, 66-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.015ŠIMANSKÝ, V., TOBIAŠOVÁ, E., CHLPÍK, J. 2008. Soil tillage and fertilization of Orthic Luvisol and their influence on chemical properties, soil structure stability and carbon distribution in water-stable macro-aggregates, Soil & Tillage Research, 100 (1-2), 125-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.008ŠIMANSKÝ, V., POLLÁKOVÁ, N., JONCZAK, J. 2016. Is better minimum than standard mouldboard ploughing tillage from viewpoint of the pore-size distribution and soil water retention characteristic changes? Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 3(167), 17-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2016-0022ŠIMANSKÝ, V. 2017. Is the period of 18 years sufficient for an evaluation of changes in soil organic carbon under a variety of different soil management practices? Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48(1), 37-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1253717ŠÚTOR, J., GOMBOŠ, M., MATI, R., TALL, A., IVANČO, J. 2007. Voda v zóne aerácie pôd Východoslovenskej nížiny. (In Slovak) Bratislava : ÚH SAV, Michalovce : SCPV – ÚAe, 2007, 280 s. ISBN 80-89139-10-8TÓTH, Z., DUNAI, A., JOLÁNKAI, P., 2012. Effect of soil tillage on soil water content. Növénytermelés, 61: 3. 235-238.VOGELER, I., ROGASIK, J., FUNDER, U., PANTEN, K., SCHNUG, E. 2009. Effect of tillage system and P-fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties: crop yield and nutrient uptake. Soil Tillage Res. 103, 137-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.00
Effect of biochar on soil structure – review
Get PDFReceived: 2018-02-08 | Accepted: 2018-02-21 | Available online: 2018-03-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.11-19Soil structure and organic matter are important indicators of soil quality. In the literature it states that there is a linear relation between soil structure and the organic matter. Mechanisms of formation and stabilization of aggregates have also been described in the literature, but it is evident that not every mechanism is applicable to various soil-climatic conditions. Recently, the modern but not the new term has become a biochar. It is anticipated that biochar is a significant source of C, and its application to the soil will improve the aggregation process in the soil. Lately we have been working in this area and we wanted to provide an overview of this issue through this review. The aim of this review was to collate and synthesize available information on soil structure and SOM. The emphasis of this review is on biochar and its combination with other organic and mineral fertilizers in relation to soil structure.Keywords: biochar, soil organic matter, aggregation, aggregate stabilityReferencesABEL, S. et al. (2013) Impact of biochar and hydrochar addition on water retention and water repellency of sandy soil. In Geoderma., vol. 202–203, pp. 183–191. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.03.003 ABROL, V. et al. (2016) Biochar effects on soil water infiltration and erosion under seal formation conditions: rainfall simulation experiment. In Journal of Soil and Sediments, vol. 16, pp. 2709– 2719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1448-8 AGEGNEHU, G. et al. (2016) Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar-compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emission in a tropical agricultural soil. In Science on The Total Environment, vol. 543, pp. 295–306. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitoenv.2015.11.054 AHMAD, M. et al. (2014) Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review. In Chemosphere, vol. 99, pp. 19–33. DOI: https://doi.org/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071AJAYI, A. E. and HORN, R. (2016) Modification of chemical and hydrophysical properties of two texturally differentiated soils due to varying magnitudes of added biochar. In Soil and Tillage Research, vol. 164, pp. 34–44. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.still.2016.01.011 ANNABI, M et al. (2007) Soil aggregate stability improvement with urban compost of different maturities. In American Society of Agronomy, vol. 71, pp. 413–423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/ sssaj2006.0161 ASAI, H. et al. (2009) Biochar amendment techniques for umpand rice production in Northern Leos: 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. In Field Crop Research, vol. 111., pp. 81–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.for.2008.10.008 BALL, B. C. and MUKHOLM, L. J. (2015) Visual soil evaluation: Releasing potential crop production with minimum environmental impact. In USA: CABI, Walingford, 2015. 172 p. ISBN 978780644707 BIEDERMAN, L. A. and HARPOLE, W. S. (2013) Biochar and its effect on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: A Metaanalysis. In Bioenergy, vol. 5, pp. 202–214. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.1111/gcbb.12037 BOIX-FAYOS, C. et al. (2001) Influence soil properties on the aggregation of some Mediterranean soils and the use of aggregate size and stability as land degradation indicators. In Catena, vol. 44, pp. 47–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0341-8162(00)00176-4 BRODOWSKI, S. et al. (2006) Aggregate – occluded black carbon in soil. In European Journal of Soil Science, vol. 57, pp. 539– 546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00807.x BRONICK, C. J. and LAL, R. (2005) Soil structure and management: a review. In Geoderma., vol. 124, pp. 3–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10,1016/j. geoderma.2004.03.005BUTMAN, D. E. et al. (2015) Increased mobilization of aged carbon to rivers by human disturbance. In Nature Geoscience, vol. 8, pp. 112–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hgeo2322 CONTE, P. (2014) Biochar, soil fertility, and environment. In Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 50, pp. 1175–1175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S00374 CORNELISSEN, G. et al. (2013) Biochar effect on maize yeld and soil characteristics in five conservation farming sites in Zambia. In Agronomy, vol. 3, pp. 256–274. DOI: https://doi. org/10.3390/agronomy3020256 DEAL, CH. et al. (2012) Comparison of klin-derived and gasiefier-derived biochars as soil amendmets in the humid tropics. In Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 37, pp. 161–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j biombie. 2011.12.017 DEXTER, A. R. (1988) Advances in characterization of soil structure. In Soil and Tillage Research, vol. 11, pp. 199–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(88)90002-5 EDWARDS, A. P. and BREMNER, J. M. (1967) Microaggregates in soils. 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Influence of tillage on soil physical properties and three varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2018-05-20 | Accepted: 2018-07-09 | Available online: 2018-09-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.03.93-99A two year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different tillage practices on soil physical properties and agronomic properties of three varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons. The study was a split plot in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Tillage was the main treatment having three types; manual clearing (MC), ploughed twice (PT) followed by ridged (RT) while the sub plot was sesame varieties; 03L+ Tithonia, Ex-Sudan and E8. The result showed that soil physical properties and sesame varieties were not generally affected by tillage practices during the two years of the experiment. However, there was significant interaction of tillage and sesame varieties on soil microporosity and available water content (AWC) in 2013. RT increased AWC in 2013 and 2014 compared to MC and PT although, the treatments were statistically similar. RT significantly increased stem girth, number of leaves, and number of branches of sesame in 2013. Ex- Sudan variety produced significantly higher number of leaves and branches in 2013. However, E8 produced higher number of capsules per plant and seed yield. In 2013, interaction between tillage practices and sesame variety were significant on microporosity, available water content and plant height. Ridge tillage and E8 variety gave the best result in terms of improved soil physical properties and yield, therefore it is recommended in this study area.Keywords: tillage, soil physical properties, sesame variety, yieldReferencesADEKIYA, A. O. and OJENIYI, S. O. (2002) Evaluation of tomato growth and soil properties under methods of seedling bed preparation in an Alfisol in the rainforest zone of southwest Nigeria. Soil Till. Res., vol. 64 pp. 275-279. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas2016.01.006ALEGBEJO, M. D. et al.(2003).Sesame production Pamphlet: A Potential Industrial and Export Oil Seeds Crop in Nigeria; p 59-76.ANIKWE, et al. (2007) Tillage and plastic mulch effects on soil properties and growth and yield of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) on an ultisol in southeastern Nigeria. Soil Till. Res., vol. 93, pp. 264-272. doi: https://doi;10.1016/j.still.2006.04.007BRAYR.H. and KURTZ, L.T. (1945) Determination of total organic carbon and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, vol. 59 pp. 39-45. BENNETT, M. et al. (1998) Sesame Research Report1996-97. Wet season: Katherine Northern Territory, Australian Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Technical Bulletin, No. 274.BREMNER, J. and MULVANEY, C. (1982) Nitrogen – Total: Chemical and Microbiological properties. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 595-624.CHUDE, V.O. et al.(2011) Fertilizer use and management practices for crops in Nigeria. Fourth edition. Federal Fertilizer Department, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria, pp. 1-59.EL- HABBASHA, S. F. et al. (2007) Response of two Sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum L.) to partial replacement of chemical fertilizers. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, vol. 3 no.6, pp. 563-571.ELDER, J.W. and LAL, R. (2008) Tillage effect on physical properties of agricultural organic soils of North Central Ohio. Soil Till. Res., vol. 98 no. 2, pp. 208-210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.12.002ESU, I.E. (1991) Detailed soil survey of NIHORT Farmat Bunkure, Kano State, Nigeria. Institute for Agricultural Research, Amadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 72pp.FLINT, L.A. E. and FLINT, A. L.(2002) Porosity In: Dane, J. H, Topp, G. C. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4 Physical Methods. SSSA, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 241-254.GEE, G. W. and OR, D., 2002. Partide size distribution In: Dane, J. H, Topp, G. C. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4. Physical Methods SSSA, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 255-293.GOMEZ, E. et al. (2001) Changes in some soil properties in a Vertic Argiudoll under short term conservation tillage. Soil Till. Res., 6, no.3-4, pp. 179-186.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987601/00193-3GROSSMAN, R. B. and REINSCH, T.G. (2002) Bulk density and extensibility: Core method. In: Dane, J.H, Topp, G.C. (Eds.).Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4.Physical Methods. SSSA, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 208-228.IITA, (International Institute for Tropical agriculture). (1982) Selected Methods for Soil and Plant Analysis. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. IITA Manual Series, No.7, Pp 53-56.KATSVAVAIRO, T. et al. (2002) Tillage and rotation effects on soil physical characteristics. Agronomy Journal, vol. 94, pp. 299-304. doi: https://doi:10:2134/agronKHURSHID, K. et al. (2006) Effects of tillage and mulch on soil physical properties and growth of maize. Int. J. Agri. Biol., vol.5, pp. 593-596.LAL, R. (1993). Tillage effects on soil degradation. Soil resilience: soil quality and sustainability. Soil Till. Res., vol.51, pp. 61-70. doi: https://doi.org//10.1016/0167-1987(93)90059-xNELSON, D.W. and SOMMER, L.E. (1996) Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Chemical Methods. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 961-1010.OPARA-NADI, O. A. (1990) Tillage practices and their effects on soil productivity. Pp.87-111. In: Organic-Matter management and Tillage in Humid and Sub-humid Africa. IBSRAM Proceedings, No.10, Bangkok.OSUNBITAN, J.A. (2005) Tillage effects on bulk density, hydraulic and strength of a loamy sand soil in southwestern Nigeria. Soil Till. Res., vol. 82, no.1, pp.57-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.007.RASHIDI, M. and KESHAVARZPOUR, F. (2007) Effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties and crop yield of melon (Cucumis melo). ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, vol. 3, no.2, pp.41-46.REYNOLDS, W. D. et al.(2002) Soil water content: In: Dane, J.H, Topp, G.C. (Eds.).Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4.Physical Methods. SSSA, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 802-817.SAS Institute, (2002) SAS/STAT User’s Guide. In: Version 8.2., SAS Institute Cary, NC.SHARMA, P. B. (2005) Fertilizer Management in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) based inter-system in Tawab Command area: Journal of Oil Seeds Research, 22:63- 65.SMYTH, A. J. and MONTGOMERY, R.F. (1962) Soils and Land Use in Central Western Nigeria. Government Printer, Ibadan, 265 pp.SOIL SURVEY STAFF,(2006) Key to soil taxonomy. Tenth Edition, United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. 332 p
Characteristics and possible utilisation of Busha population in different Balkan countries
Get PDFReceived: 2018-05-07 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.155-158Busha cattle are indigenous breed in many Balkan countries. Because of the economic, cultural and scientific reasons it is very important to protect biological diversity of autochthonous breeds like Busha. In the past several decades, as a result of uncontrolled crossing of this cattle with some more productive breeds, the number of purebred Busha animals is permanently being reduced which imposes an urgent need for setting up in situ and ex situ conservation program for this breed. Since Busha is bred in many Balkan countries, the aim of this study was to define main productive, reproductive and exterior traits of Busha cattle in the following countries: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia. Also, number of animals and possibility of future production system was analysed. Analysed data indicate that highest milk production potential and lowest age at first mating has Serbian Busha (till 2000 kg in lactation, at 18 months). Regarding the exterior traits, smallest frame was observed in Bosnian and Macedonian Busha. The population decrease in the past several decades was determined in all analysed countries. The conservation programs in Croatia and Serbia resulted in certain increase of Busha population, but aiming successful preservation of the breed, economically effective production systems should be put in practice. The branding of Busha’s products could result in necessary added value. Taking into account similarity between all Busha breeds as well as population sizes, branding should be organized on regional level.Keywords: Busha breed, Balkan region, characteristics, preservationReferencesAdilović, S., Andrijanić, M. (2005) Indigenous Breeds of Domestic Animals of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo.Agency of Food and Veterinary (AFV) of RM (2014) Cattle breed structure in Macedonia. [Online] Skopje: Agency of Food and Veterinary. Available at: http://www.fva.gov.mk/index.php?lang=mk [Accessed 1 March 2018].Brka, M., Zečević, E., Dokso, A., Rahmanović, A. (2007) Identifikacija i evidencija brojnog stanja autohtonih pasmina goveda i konja Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo: Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Brka, M., Omanović, H., Zečević, E., Dokso, A. (2011) Model the preservation of indigenous breeds. In: Sustainable conservation of livestock breeds diversity for the future: impact of globalisation of animal breeding and the loss of farm animal genetic diversity – a conflict? 8th Global Conference on the Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources. Tekirdag: Namik Kemal University, 455-458.Bunevski G., Saltamarski Z. (2017) Genetic erosion of genetic resources of cattle in the R. of Macedonia. In: 3rd International Symposium for Agriculture and Food – ISAF 2017. 18th to 20th of October 2017, Ohrid, Macedonia.Croatian Agricultural Agency (2017) Annual report for 2016 – Cattle Breeding. [Online] Križevci: Croatian Agricultural Agency. Available at: http://www.hpa.hr/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Govedarstvo.pdf [Accessed 1 May 2018].Institute for Animal Husbandry (2018) Main breeding program for autochthonous breeds of Serbia. Annual reports 2018. Belgrade: Institute for Animal Husbandry.Škrtić, Z., Levart, A., Jovanovac, S., Gantner, V., Kompan, D. (2008) Fatty Acid Profile in Milk of Busha, Cika and Simmental Breed. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Suplement 2, 213-217