Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
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Impact of various moisture regime on selected growth-production characteristics of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L.
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2019-04-08 | Accepted: 2019-06-03 | Available online: 2019-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.02.52-57The aim of the experiment was to find out the impact of different moisture regime on selected indicators of the growth and production process of Medicago sativa L. cv. Zuzana and Trifolium pratense L. cv. Poľana. The pot experiment was carried out at the Department of Grassland Ecosystems and Forage Crops, FAFR SUA in Nitra in 2015. There were evaluated two variants of irrigation: 1st – irrigation once a week and 2nd – irrigation twice a week with a single dose of 300 ml of water per pot. The results of the experiment showed a positive effect on the height of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. plants (p = 0.006 and p = 0.316), the number of stems (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002), dry phytomass production (p = 0.001 and p = 0.044) and the quantity of harvest residues of evaluated legume forages (p = 0.100 and p = 0.146) with a general more visible effect under irrigation twice a week. By comparison of both species, irrigation twice a week was more effective for Medicago sativa L. on plant height, number of stems and weight of above-ground phytomass, whereas for Trifolium pratense L. only on the weight of harvest residues compared to irrigation once a week.ReferencesABBERTON, M. T. and MARSHALL, A. H. (2005) Progress in breeding perennial clovers for temperate agriculture: centenary review. In Journal of Agricultural Science. vol. 143, no. 2–3, pp. 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859605005101BÍRO, D., MICHÁLKOVÁ, J. and JURÁČEK, M. (2006) Changes in amino acid composition of Medicago sativa during the preservation process. Animal nutrition 2006: Proteins. Brno: MZLU, pp. 22–26 (in Slovak).BLÁHA, L. et al. (2003) Plant and stress. Praha: VÚRV, p. 156 (in Czech).BRESTIČ, M. and OLŠOVSKÁ, K. (2001) Water stress of plants: causes, consequences, perspectives. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak).FARISSI, M. et al. (2014) Water deficit effect on yield and forage quality of Medicago sativa populations under field conditions in Marrakesh area. In Annals of West University of Timisoara, ser. Biology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–8.GÁLIK, B. et al. (2011) Nutritional characteristics of feeds. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak).GEJGUŠ, J. et al. (1998) Impact of climatic factors on phenophases in Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense in the East Slovak lowlands. In: Proceedings of scientific works 14.Michalovce: OVÚA, pp. 179–185 (in Slovak).HOLÚBEK, R. et al. (2007) Fodder crops production – management of the cultivation and use of forage. Nitra: SUA (inSlovak).KRIVOSUDSKÁ, E. and FILOVÁ, A. (2016) Physiological responses of genotypes soybean to simulated drought stress. In Acta fytotechn zootechn, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 157–162. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.157-162LICHNER S. et al. (1990) Instructions for exercises from forage crops production. Bratislava: Príroda (in Slovak).LICHNER, S. et al. (1983) Fodder crops production. Nitra: VŠP (in Slovak).McKENNA, P. et al. (2018) The use of red clover (Trifolium pratense) in soil fertility-building: A Review. Field Crops Research. vol. 221, pp. 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.006MÍKA, V. et al. (1997) Fodders quality. Praha: Ústav zemědělských a potravinářských informací (in Czech).PORVAZ, P. (2001) The production potential of the Medicago sativa L. in the different systems of founding. Doctoral thesis.Michalovce: OVÚA (in Slovak).PROCHÁZKA, S. (2003) Botany. Morphology a physiology of plants. Brno: Mendel University (in Czech).RADOVIC, J. et al. (2009) Alfalfa-most important perennial forage legume in animal husbandry. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, vol. 25, no. 5–6, pp. 465–475. Retrieved 2019-01-25 from http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-9156/2009/1450-91560906465R.pdfŘÍHA, P. (2009) Recommended varieties of alfalfa, white clover and perennial ryegrass. Pícninářské listy, vol. 16, pp. 5–8(in Czech).SAFARNEJAD, A. (2008) Morphological and biochemical response to osmotic stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Pak. J. Bot., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 735–746. Retrieved 2019-02-12 from http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/40(2)/PJB40(2)735.pdfSKLÁDANKA, J. et al. (2014) Fodder crops production. Brno: Mendel University (in Czech).SLOVAK HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE (2015) Bulletin Meteorology and Climatology. Retrieved 2019-01-10from http://www.shmu.sk/sk/?page=1613 (in Slovak).Stat Soft, Inc. (2005). STATISTICA Cz [Software system for data analysis], version 7.1. www.StatSoft.C
Dragonflies (Odonata) of Botanical Garden‘s Pond of SUA in Nitra
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2019-09-09 | Accepted: 2019-11-12 | Available online: 2019-12-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.04.110-113The faunistic research of dragonflies was realized during 2016 and 2017. The research was carried out under the conditions of Botanical garden‘s pond of Slovak University of Agriculture (SUA) in Nitra. 229 dragonfly individuals (105♂, 124♀) were trapped during the monitored period. Trapped individuals represented 10 species and 3 families of dragonflies. The aim of the research was to determine the species composition of dragonflies of the selected locality. Based on the representation of individual species for the monitored locality, its dominance was also calculated.Keywords: dragonflies, Odonata, bioindicator, habitat, pond, dominance, climate change References ASKEW, R. R. (1988) The dragonflies of Europe. Colchester: Harley Books. 291 p.BERACKO, P. et al. (2017) Bentic invertebrates and its habitats. Bratislava: Faculty of Natural Sciences of Commenius university, 291 p. (in Slovak).BUTLER, R. G. and DE MAYNADIER, P. G. (2008) The significance of littoral and shoreline habitat integrity to the conservation of lacustrine damselflies (Odonata). In Journal of Insect Conservation, vol. 12, pp. 23–36.CORBET, P. S. (1999) Dragonflies: behavior and ecology of Odonata. New York: Cornell University Press, 829 p.DALECKÝ, V. (2011) Influence of landscape structure on bionomics of forest species of reophilic dragonflies. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University. 63 p. (in Czech).DAVID, S. (2013) Annotated Checklist of dragonflies (Odonata), Slovakia. In BRYJA, J. (eds.): Zoological days. Brno 2013: Abstracts from the conference. Brno: Mendel University, pp. 1–52.DAVID, S. and ÁBELOVÁ, M. (2015) Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Protected Area Mlyňany Arboretum. In Folia faunistica Slovaca, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 135–139.DIJKSTRA, K. D. B. and LEWINGTON, R. (2006) Field guide to the dragonflies of Britain and Europe including western Turkey and north-western Africa. London: British Wildlife Publishing, 320 p.FAŠKO, P. and ŠŤASTNÝ, P. (2002) Average annual rainfall. In Zaťko, M. (eds.) Initial landscape structure. Atlas of the Slovak Republic. Banská Bystrica: Ministry of the Environment of Slovak Republic, Slovak Agency of Environment, 344 p. (in Slovak).FOOTE, A. L. and HORNUNG, C. L. R. (2005) Odonates as biological indicators of grazing effects on Canadian prairie wetlands. In Ecological Entomology, vol. 30, pp. 273–283.HANEL, L. and ZELENÝ, J. (2000) Dragonflies (Odonata): research and protection. Vlašim: Czech Union for Nature Conservation, 240 p. (in Czech).HARABIŠ, F. and DOLNÝ, A. (2010) Ecological factors determining the density-distribution of Central European dragonflies (Odonata). In European Journal of Entomology, vol. 107, pp. 571–577.HEIDEMANN, H. and SEIDENBUSCH, R. (1993) Die Libellenlarven Deutschlands und Frankreichs. Handbuch für Exuviensammler. Keltern: Verlag Erna Bauer Keltern, 391 p.HOLUŠA, O. and VANĚK, J. (2008) Fauna of Dragonfies (Odonata) Krkonoš. In Opera Corcontica, vol. 45, pp. 81–98 (in Czech).HOLUŠA, O. (2013) Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of Cordulegaster dragonflies (Odonata: Corgulegastridae) in Central Europe. Dissertation thesis. Bratislava: Commenius University, 179 p. (in Slovak).HREŠKO, J. et al. (2006) Nitra and its surroundings – Initial phase of research. Scientific Monograph. Nitra: Constantine the Philosopher University, 182 p. (in Slovak).KOHL, S. (1998) Odonata. Anisoptera – Exuvien (Grosslibellen-Larvenhäute) Europas. Bestimmungsschlüssel. Berlin: Kohl. 27 p.LAMBECK, R. J. (1997) Focal species: A multispecies umbrella for nature conservation. In Conservation Biology. vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 849–856.LOSOS, B. (1992) Exercise of animal ecology. Brno: Masaryk University, 229 p.NOSS, R.F. (1990) Indicators of monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach. In Conservation Biology, vol. 4, pp. 355–364.OLBERG, R.M. et al. (2000) Prey Pursuit and Inception in Dragonflies. In Journal of Comparitive Physiology A: Sensory Neural and Behavioral physiology, vol. 186, pp. 155–162.SAHLÉN, G. and EKESTUBBE, K. (2001) Identification of dragonflies (Odonata) as indicators of general species richness in boreal forest lakes. In Biodiversity and Conservation, vol. 10, pp. 673–690.ŠÁCHA, D. et al. (2007) Dragonflies of Slovak Republic. [Online]. Retrieved 2019-03-20 from http://www.vazky.sk, 10/2008 (in Slovak).ŠÁCHA, D. et al. (2008) The key to identifying our species of dragonflies. [Online]. Retrieved 2019-05-12 from http://www. vazky.sk (in Slovak).ŠÁCHA, D. 2010. Dragonflies (Odonata) detected during „Monitoring of species of European importance“ in southern Slovakia. In Folia faunistica Slovaca, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 43–46 (in Slovak).SIMAIKA, P. and SAMWAYS, M. J. (2008) Valuing dragonflies as service providers. In Córdoba-Aguilar A. (eds.): Dragonflies: Model Organisms for Ecological and Evolutionary Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 23–55.TISCHLER, W. (1949) Basic features of terrestrial animal ecology. Wiesbaden: Springer trade media, 220 p. (in German).WASSCHER, M. T. and BOS, F. G. (2000) The European dragonflies: notes on the checklist and on species diversity. In Odonatologica, vol. 29, pp. 31–43.WILDERMUTH, H. (2001) The rotation model for the care of small bog waters. In Conservation and Landscape Planning, vol. 33, pp. 269–273 (in German).
Green fallow soil vs. intensive soil cultivation – a study of soil structure along the slope gradient affected by erosion process
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2019-09-19 | Accepted: 2019-10-01 | Available online: 2019-09-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.03.76-83 The type of slope and its interaction with soil management practices are one of the most important factors affecting soil structure along the slope gradient. In this study, the effects of fallow in greening and intensive soil cultivation both located on slopes on changes soil properties especially soil structure were evaluated. Soil samples were collected from two fields (neighbouring fields) between Trakovice and Bučany villages (Slovakia). The terrain of both fields was sloping with a WN – ES orientation and a slope of <8°. Field 1 is used as arable land with intensive cultivation of crops (IC). In field 2, the fallow in greening (G) was established in 2012 and in 2018 soil samples were taken in five zones of both slopes as follows: on the summit slope, shoulder, back slope, toe slope and flat. Results showed that structure coefficient (K) was strongly affected by both land use (p = 0.0000) and slope position (p = 0.0206)as well as by the interaction of land use and slope position (p = 0.0010). The statistically significantly highest structure coefficient of water-stable aggregates (Kwsa) and opposite the lowest macro-aggregate destruction (PAD) were found for G compared to IC. In G, the index of crusting (Ic) increased by 9% compared to IC. The critical level of soil organic matter (St) was strongly affected by both land use (p = 0.0114) and slope position (p = 0.0000). The values of St were statistically significantly influenced by interaction of land use and slope position. When land use and slope position were assessed together, positive significant correlations were observed between silt and carbonate contents and Ic. On the other hand, the St values were strong effected soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and quality. In IC, positive correlations between CL (r = 0.773, P <0.01) and K were observed. Ic correlated with silt (r = 0.650, P <0.05), carbonates (r = 0.704, P <0.05) and lower humus stability. A higher silt and carbonate contents as well as highercontent of SOM and better humus quality resulted in higher St values. In G, the K values positive correlated with silt and carbonate contents. Higher humus quality and stability improved soil structure evaluated on the base of Kwsa.Keywords: intensive cultvation, greening, fallow, slope gradient, soil structure ReferencesAMÉZKETA, E. (1999) Soil aggregate stability: a review. In J. of Sustain. Agric., vol. 14, no. 2–3, pp. 83–151. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J064v14n02_08BA, L.T. et al. (2016) Effect of cropping system on physical properties of clay soil under intensive rice cultivation. In Land Degrad. Dev., vol. 27, pp. 973–982. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2321BARTLOVÁ, J. et al. (2015) Water stability of soil aggregates in different systems of tillage. In Soil & Water Res., vol. 10, pp. 147–154.BORRELLI, P. et al. (2015) Modelling post-tree-harvesting soil erosion and sediment deposition potential in the Turano river basin (Italian central Apennine). In Land Degrad. Dev., vol. 26, pp. 356–366. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2214BRONICK, C.J. and LAL, R. (2005) Soil structure and management: a review. In Geoderma, vol. 124, pp. 3–22. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.03.005BURDUKOVSKII, M. et al. (2019) Impact of different fallow durations on soil aggregate structure and humus status parameters. In Soil and Water Research (in press).COUGHLAN, K.J. et al. (1991) Measurement of soil structure: Some practical initiatives. In Aust. J. Soil Res., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 869–889. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SR9910869CZACHOR, H. et al. (2015) Impact of long-term mineral and organic fertilizer application on the water stability, wettability and porosity of aggregates obtained from two loamy soils. In Eur. J. Soil Sci., vol. 66, pp. 1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12242DZIADOWIEC, H. and GONET, S. S. (1999) Methodical guidebook for soil organic matter studies. Prace Komisji Naukowych Polskiego Towarzystwa Gleboznawczego, N. 120, Komisja chemii gleb, Zespół Materii Organicznej Gleb, N II/16 (in Polish).EFTHIMIOU N. (2018) The importance of soil data availability on erosion modeling. In Catena, vol. 165, pp. 551–566. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.03.002FOTH, H.D. (1990) Fundamentals of soil science. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 360. ISBN 0-471-52279-1.FULAJTÁR, E. (2006) Physical properties of soil (in Slovak). Bratislava: VÚPOP, pp.142. ISBN 80-89128-20-3.FULAJTÁR, E. and SAKSA, M. (2018) Loess soils of the Trnava Hilly Land. In ŚWITONIAK, M. and CHARZYŃSKI, P. Soil Sequences Atlas IV. Toruń: Nicolaus Copernicus University, pp. 123–137. ISBN 978-83-951878-2-7.HRIVŇAKOVÁ, K. et al. (2011) Uniform methods of soil analyses (in Slovak) VUPOP: Bratislava.KOBZA, J. et al. (2017) Current state and development of land degradation processes based on soil monitoring in Slovakia. In Agriculture (Poľnohospodárstvo), vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 74–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/agri-2017-0007KÖRSCHNER M. et al. (1990) Heisswasserlőslicher C und N im Boden als Kriterium fűr das N-Nachliferungsvermőgen. In Mikrobiologie, vol. 145, pp. 305–311.LAL, R. and SHUKLA, M.K. (2004) Principles of soil physics. New York: Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-5324-0.LOGINOW, W. et al. (1987) Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation. In Pol. J. Soil Sci., vol. 20, pp. 47–52.MAÏGA-YALEU, S. et al. (2013) Soil crusting impact on soil organic carbon losses by water erosion. In Catena, vol. 107, pp. 26–34. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.03.006MONTGOMERY, D.R. (2007) Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. In PNAS, vol. 104, pp. 13268–13272. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611508104MORENO-RAMÓN, H. et al. (2014) Coffee husk mulch on soil erosion and runoff: experiences under rainfall simulation experiment. In Solid Earth, vol. 5, pp. 851–862. doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-851-2014MORGAN, R.P.C. (2005) Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd ed. London: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 299.NOVÁK, P. and VALLA, M. (2002) Other degradation forms of soil. In Pedologické dny, 2002, pp. 137–142.PANAGOS, P. et al. (2015) Rainfall erosivity in Europe. In Sci. Total Environ., vol. 511, pp. 801–814. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.008PARADELO, R. et al. (2013) Water-dispersible clay in bare fallow soils after 80 years of continuous fertilizer addition. In Geoderma, vol. 200–201, pp. 40–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.01.014PIERI, C. (1992) Fertility of Soils: A Future for Farming in the West African Savannah. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 347. ISBN 978-3-642-84322-8.PIRES, L.P. et al. (2017) Soil structure changes induced by tillage systems. In Soil Tilage Research, vol. 165, pp. 66–79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.07.010SHEIN, E. V. (2005) Course of Soil Physics. Moscow: MGU, pp. 432. ISBN 5-211-05021-5 (in Russian).SIX, J. et al. (2004) A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. In Soil Till Res., vol. 79, pp. 7–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.008ŠIMANSKÝ, V. (2011) Soil structure of Haplic Luvisol as influenced by tillage and crop residues ploughing. In Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 14, no 1, pp. 27–29.ŠIMANSKÝ, V. and JONCZAK, J. (2016) Water-stable aggregates as a key element in the stabilization of soil organic matter in the Chernozems. In Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, vol. 11(2), pp. 511–517.ŠIMANSKÝ, V. et al. (2008) Soil tillage and fertilization of Orthic Luvisol and their influence on chemical properties, soil structure stability and carbon distribution in water-stable macro-aggregates. In Soil Till. Res., vol. 100, no. 1–2, pp. 125–132. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.008ŠIMANSKÝ, V. et al. (2014) Soil crust in agricultural land. In Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 17, no 4, pp. 109–114. doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2014.17.04.109–114ŠIMANSKÝ V. (2018) Can soil properties of Fluvisols be influenced by river flow gradient? In Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 21, no 2, pp. 63–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.02.63-76ŠIMANSKÝ, V. et al. (2018). Soil Science. Nitra: SPU, pp. 399. ISNB 978-80-552-1878-6 (in Slovak).ŠIMANSKÝ, V. et al. (2019) How relationships between soil organic matter parameters and soil structure characteristics are affected by the long-term fertilization of a sandy soil. 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Differences in soil properties and crop yields after application of biochar blended with farmyard manure in sandy and loamy soils
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2018-07-07 | Accepted: 2018-01-18 | Available online: 2019-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.01.21-25In recent years, the importance of biochar application in world´s soils have increased tendency mainly due to its opposite effects. Therefore, the effort of many companies is based on the development of soil amendment which together improved properties and crop productivity in a lot of soils. In this short study, we have verified the effectiveness of biochar blended with farmyard manure named Effeco on soil properties and crop yields in different textural soils (1. sandy soil in Dolná Streda and 2. loamy soil in Veľké Uľany). Our results showed that the Effeco increased soil pH in both soils. In sandy soil, the Effeco more significantly affected sorptive parameters and soil organic carbon content than in loamy soil. Water retention in capillary pores after Effeco application in sandy and loamy soils was higher by 22% and 4%, respectively compared to control. On the other hand, more significant effect of Effeco application on soil structure was observed in loamy soil. The total crop productions in sandy and loamy soils due to the Effeco application were higher by 82% and 16%, respectively, compared to control plots. All in all, we concluded that the effects of biochar blended with farmyard manure differ mainly on soil texture.Keywords: Effeco, sorptive parameters, soil organic matter, water retention, soil structure, loamy soil, sandy soilReferences:Agegnehu, G. et al. (2016) Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar-compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil. Sci. Tot. Environ., 543, pp. 295–306.Ahmad , M. et al. (2014) Biochar as asorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere, 99, pp. 19–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071AJAYI, A.E. and HORN, R. (2016) Modification of chemical and hydrophysical properties of two texturally differentiated soils due to varying magnitudes of added biochar. Soil Tillage Res. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.01.011Brodowski , S. et al. (2006) Aggregate-occluded black carbon in soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci., no. 57, pp. 539–546.DONG, X. et al. (2019) Biochar increased field soil inorganic carbon content five years after application. Soil & Tillage Research, no. 186, pp. 36–41. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.09.013El-Naggara , A. et al. (2019) Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects. Geoderma, 337, pp. 536–557. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.034Fischer, D. and Glaser, B. (2012) Synergisms between Compost and Biochar for Sustainable Soil Amelioration. In Kumar, S. (ed.) Management of Organic Waste. Earthscan, Rijeka, pp. 167–198.Haider, G. et al. (2017) Biochar reduced nitrate leaching and improved soil moisture content without yield improvements in a four-year field study. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 237, pp. 80–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.019Hrivňákov á, K. et al. (2011) Uniform methods of soil analyses (in Slovak) VÚPOP: Bratislava.IBI (2013) Standarized product definition and product testing guidelines for biochar that i sused in soil, IBI-STD-0.1-1, International Biochar Initiative.Ibrahim , H.M. et al. (2013) Effect of Conocarpus biochar application on the hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil. Soil Sci., 178, pp.165–173.Jeffery , S. et al. (2011) A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using metaanalysis. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 144, pp. 175–187.Kotorov á, D. et al. (2018) The long-term different tillage and its effect on physical properties of heavy soils. Acta fytotechn zootechn, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 100–107. doi: https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.03.100-107Laghari , M. et al. (2015) Effects of biochar application rate on sandy desert soil properties and sorghum growth. Catena, 135, pp. 313–320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.08.013LEHMANN, J. and JOSEPH, S. (eds.). (2015) Biochar for environmental management. 2nd ed. London, New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group. 544 p.Lopez-Capel, E. et al. (2016) Biochar properties, In: Shackley, S. et al. (eds.): Biochar in European soils and agriculture, Routledge, London, New Your, pp. 41–72.Obia, A. et al. (2016) In situ effects of biochar on aggregation, water retention and porosity in light-textured tropical soils. Soil Tillage Res., 155, pp. 35–44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08Omondi, M.O. et al. (2016) Quantification of biochar effects on soil hydrological properties using meta-analysis of literature data. Geoderma, 274, pp. 28–34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.029Pollákov á, N. et al. (2018) The influence of soil organic matter fractions in aggregates stabilization in agricultural and forest soils of selected Slovak and Czech hilly lands. Journal of Soils and Sediment, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 2790–2800.ŠIMANSKÝ, V. et al. (2017) Carbon sequestration in waterstable aggregates under biochar and biochar with nitrogen fertilization. Bulgrian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 429–435.Szombathov á N. (2010) Chemical and physico-chemical properties of soil humic hubstances as an indicator of anthropogenic changes in ecosystems (localities Báb and Dolná Malanta). Nitra: Slovak Univ. of Agriculture (in Slovak).van Zwieten, L. et al. (2010) Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant Soil, 327, pp. 235–246.WANG, Y. et al. 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Replacement value of cassava vinasse meal for maize on growth performance, haematological parameters and organoleptic properties of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2018-10-01 | Accepted: 2018-10-22 | Available online: 2019-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.01.7-12Two hundred and twenty eight (228) one day old quails were used to assess the suitability of cassava vinasse meal (CVM) as a replacement for maize at varying inclusion levels of 0.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0%. The birds were fed an adequate starter diet for the first week before being randomly alloted into 4 dietary group of 3 replicate of 19 birds each. The feeding trial lasted for six weeks. The crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash, moisture, nitrogen free extract and metabolizable energy of the dehydrated cassava vinasse were 19.26%, 7.96%, 3.72%, 9.33%, 5.68% and 12.17 MJ kg-1 ME respectively. The results showed that final weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P <0.05) influenced as inclusion level of cassava vinasse meal increases. Significant differences were observed on the haematological parameters such as haematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (P <0.05). The analyzed panelist response on organoleptic parameters showed that tenderness, juiciness and texture were significantly different (P <0.05) with birds fed 10.0% CVM having the least values. In conclusion, 10.0% CVM (21% replacement for maize) in the diet of quails had no deleterious effect on the feed conversion ratio, haematological parameters and meat acceptability. Moreover, further research could be geared towards the use of exogenous enzymes and the performance of other poultry species including broiler chicken.Keywords: blood, cassava, quail, sensory properties, vinasseReferencesABU, O. A. et al. (2015) Carcass characteristics and meat quality of Broilers fed cassava peel and leaf meals as Replacement for maize and Soya bean meal. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), vol. 8, pp. 2319– 2327. doi: https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-08324146AGUGU, G. O and OKEKE, G. C. (2005) The effect of replacing maize with cassava root meal in the diets of pullet chicks. In: Proceeding of 30th Annual conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Nsukka,vol. 30, pp. 235–237.AHMED O. et al. (2013) Physicochemical, Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Vinasse, A By-product from Ethanol Industry. American Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 80–83. doi: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajb.20130303.03AINA, O. O. and AJIBADE, T. (2014) Age-related changes in haematologic parameters of cage-raised Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica). In Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 104–108. doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2013.0271AJIBOLA F.O. et al. (2012) Enzymatic Production of Ethanol from Cassava Starch Using Two Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 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(eds.), Practical haematology, 8th ed., London: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 287–296.DUNCAN, D. B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, vol. 11, pp. 1–42. EDACHE, J.A. et al. (2005) Replacement Value of Guinea Corn for Maize in Practical diet Fed to Quails Chicks. Animal Research International, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 29–31.ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) (2017) Guidelines for wineries and distilleries. Retrieved 2018-09-20 from http://www.epa.sa.gov.auFARRELL, A. E. et al. (2006) Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals. Science, vol. 311, no. 5760, pp. 506– 508. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121416GULUWA, L.Y. et al. (2014) Performance and Carcass Evaluation of Quails Fed Graded Levels of Water Soaked Sweet Orange Peel Meal. Advances in Life Science and Technology, vol. 20, pp. 1–6.HAHN-HÄGERDAL, B. et al. (2007) Towards industrial pentose-fermenting yeast strains. Applied Microb. 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Productive and physiological characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed cassava root sieviate-cassava leaf meal based diet
No full textArticle Details: Received: 2019-01-06 | Accepted: 2019-04-15 | Available online: 2019-09-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.03.64-70West African Dwarf (WAD) goat is an important livestock and its production is indispensable in the country’s food chain. The WAD goat is a trypanotolerant breed reared mainly for meat. This breed can be bred all year-round, attains sexual maturity early and prolific; thereby satisfying a part of the meat requirement. However, in Nigeria, scarcity, poor utilization of agro-waste and seasonality in feed availability undermines this goat breed in achieving better performance. Hence, the effect for feeding cassava root sievate – cassava leaf meal (CRSCLM) diets on the productive and physiological characteristics of WAD goats were investigated for 97 days. Thirty six (36) WAD goats of about 8–10 months of age and averaging 7.19kg in weight were selected from the College flock for this experiment. The goats were randomly divided into four groups of nine animals each with three goats constituting a replicate. Feed intake and body weight changes were recorded accordingly. Blood samples were drawn from each goat on the last day of the trial and evaluated for haematological, biochemical and electrolyte profiles. Daily feed intke, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not (P >0.05) influenced by the treatment diets. The haematological parameters indicated no significant difference (P >0.05) among the treatment groups. There was significant (P <0.05) difference for globulin (23.80–31.40), Creatinine (0.085–1.025) Cholesterol (97.125–120.46) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (13.96–18.22) across the treatment groups. Cholesterol and ALT were significantly (P <0.05) increased with increasing levels of CRSCLM. Globulin and creatinine however did not follow any specific trend with increasing or decreasing levels of CRSCLM. Sodium, potassium and chloride were significantly (P <0.05) different across the treatment groups with sodium being significantly (P <0.05) higher among the treatment groups than the control. The study revealed that CRSCLM in the diet of WAD goats had no deleterious effect on the growth performance and blood indices of WAD goats and could therefore be included in goat diets up to 60%.ReferencesADEWUSI S.R.A. and BRADBURY, J.H. (1993). Carotenoids in cassava: comparison of open- column and HPLC methods of analysis. In J Sci Food Agric, 62.AHAMEFULE, F. O., IBEAWUCHI, J. A. and OKOYE, F. C. (2005). Blood biochemistry and haematology of West African dwarf (WAD) bucks fed pigeon pea-cassava peel based diets. In Journal Anim Vet Adv., 4 (12): 1016–1020.AKINFALA, E.O., ADERIBIGBE, A.O. and MATANMI, O. (2002). Evaluation of the nutritive value of whole cassava plant as replacement for maize in the starter diets for broiler chicken. 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Identification and relative abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-seed crops and maize (Zea mays L.) in derived savannah of Nigeria
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2019-07-22 | Accepted: 2019-10-10 | Available online: 2019-09-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.03.84-89A field survey was conducted to assess root colonization, spore densities and relative abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) based on morphological aspects. Roots and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from established fields of selected oil seed crops [soybean (Glycine max L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus)] and maize (Zea mays L.) grown in derived savannah agro-ecology of Southwest Nigeria. The mean percentage of AMF colonization across all crops was 60.8%, ranging from 34% to 87.5%, with highest root colonization observed in soybean. The spore densities retrieved from the different rhizospheres were relatively high, varying from 124 to 298 spores per 50 g dry soil, with highest spore densities observed in maize rhizosphere soils. The spore densities in the soil significantly correlated (r = 0.52, and P <0.05) with the root colonization. A total of 4 morphologically classifiable genera (Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) of AMF within the phylum Glomeromycota were detected. The dominant genus was Glomus in all the crops with highest relative abundance of 60.9%, followed by Acaulospora (21.3%) and Scutellospora (12.8%), with lowest relative abundance of AM spores observed for Gigaspora (5%). This study could contribute significantly to a better understanding of AMF community structure in derivedsavannah agro-ecology of Nigeria.Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, community structure, oil-seed crops, root colonization, spore densityReferencesAZCÓN-AGUILAR, C. and BAREA, J.M. (1997) Arbuscular mycorrhizas and biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens – an overview of the mechanisms involved. In Mycorrhiza, vol. 6, pp. 457–464.BIERMANN, B. and LINDERMAN, R.G. 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(1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. In New Phytologist, vol. 84, pp. 489–500.HAZARD, C. et al. (2013) The role of local environment and geographical distance in determining community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the landscape scale. In The ISME Journal, vol. 7, pp. 498–508.LEKBERG, Y. et al. (2007) Role of niche restrictions and dispersal in the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. In Journal of Ecology, vol. 95, pp. 95–105.LIN, X. et al. (2012) Long-term balanced fertilization decreases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in an arable soil in north China revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. In Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 46, pp. 5764–5771.OEHL, F. et al. (2003) Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of Central Europe. In Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol. 69, pp. 2816–2824.OEHL, F. et al. 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(2007) Medicago species affect the community composition of arbuscular myccorhizal fungi associated with roots. In New Phytologist, no. 176, pp. 197–210.RILLIG, M. C. (2004) Arbuscular mycorrhizae, glomalin, and soil aggregation. In Canadian Journal of Soil Science, vol. 84, pp. 355–363.RILLIG, M.C. and Mummey, D.L. (2006) Mycorrhizas and soil structure. In New Phytologist, no.171, pp. 41–53SCHENCK, N.C. and PEREZ, Y. (eds.) (1990) Manual for identification of VA mycorrhizal fungi. Gainesville: INVAM, University of Florida. 241 p.SCHEUBLIN, T.R. et al.( 2004) Nonlegumes, legumes, and root nodules harbor different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. In Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol. 70, pp. 6240–6246.SCHÜΒLER, A, SCHWARZOTT, D. and WALKER, C. (2001) A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution. In Mycology Research, vol. 105, pp. 1413–1421.SMITH, S.E., and READ, D.J. (2008) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed. New York: Academic Press. 787 p.VERBRUGGEN, E., and TOBY KIERS, E. (2010) Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems. In Evolutionary Appl., no. 3, pp. 547–560.YAMATO, M., IKEDA, S., and IWASE, K. (2009) Community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in drought-resistant plants, Moringa spp., in semiarid regions in Madagascar and Uganda. In Mycoscience., vol. 50, pp. 100–105
Analysis of coat quality of Chinchilla rabbit breed
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2018-10-25 | Accepted: 2018-11-27 | Available online: 2019-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.01.17-20Between breeders, Chinchilla rabbit is very popular as it has standard body shape and high quality of typically coloured fur. The aim of this study was to analyse quality of Chinchilla rabbit fur. Coat samples were gathered at the National Animal Exhibition in Nitra. We collected samples from three different body areas – those being scapula, back and thigh. Altogether, we obtained 153 samples of different individual animals. We observed different parameters of the fur. Those were – thickness and length of coat, height and width of the undercolour, ticking and height of the guard hair. We found out that average thickness of coat in the examined population was 0.106 mm in the area of scapula; 0.104 mm in the thigh area and 0.113 mm from the back area. Length of the guard hair from area of scapula was 35.8 mm; 37.9 mm in the thigh area and 36.4 mm in the back area. Height of the undercolour was 26.9 mm in the back area, 26.4 mm in area of scapula and 27.6 mm in the area of thighs. Observed width of intermediate colour was 5.1 mm in thigh area; 4.3 mm in back area and 4.8 mm in scapula area. Measured height of terminal black line of hair was 4.7 mm in area of scapula; 5.3 mm in the back area and 5.3 mm in thigh area. The differences among the evaluated body areas were not significant.Keywords: fur, quality, hair, rabbit, ChinchillaReferencesBRUMWELL, W. (1928) The Chinchilla Rabbit – Its Breeding For Profit. Bradford: Wathmous.COVRIG, I. et al. (2013) The C locus: rabbit genetics for full color development, chinchilla, seal, sable, pointed black and red-eyed full white. Rabbit Genetics, vol. 3, no. 1.DAHIYA, M.S., YADAV, S.K. (2013) Scanning Electron Microscopic Characterization and Elemental Analysis of Hair: A Tool in Identification of Felidae Animals. J Forensic Res, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 178.DEEDRICK, D.W., KOCH, S. (2004) Microscopy of Hair Part II: A Practical Guide and Manual for Animal Hairs. Forensic science communications, vol. 6, no. 3.FIK, M. et al. (2011) Assessment of wire haired dachshund hair quality. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 14, pp. 81–84 (in Slovak).FRANCK, R.R. (2001) Silk, Mohair, Cashmere and Other Luxury Fibres. UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited in association with The Textile Institute, pp. 136–137.HUANG, D.W. et al. (2016) Location of genes associated with hair length of rabbit. In Proceedings 11th World Rabbit Congress. Qingdao – China 15–18. 6. 2016. WorldChina: Rabbit Science Association.KOPAŃSKI, R. (1965) Elementary of furriers. Warszawa: Państwowe wydawnictwo rolnicze i leśne (in Polish).MAMOJKOVÁ, E. (2012) Evaluation of the breeding level of Little Chinchilla in Slovakia: bachelor thesis. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak).MAMOJKOVÁ, E. (2014) Evaluation of quality of hairs and coat in Little Chinchilla rabbit breed: Diploma thesis. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak).MENGÜC, G. et al. (2014) Physical Properties of Angora Rabbit Fibers. American Journal of Materials Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 11–13.ROGERS, A.D. et al. (2006). Fiber Production and Properties in Genetically Furred and Furless Rabbits. Journal of Animal Science, vol. 84, pp. 2566–2574.VERHOEF-VERHALLENOVÁ, E. (2000) Encyclopedia of rabbits and rhodents. Čestlice: Rebo Productions (in Czech).ZHANG, Y. et al. (2011) Structure Structural Characteristics of Rabbit Hair. Trans Tech Publications, vol. 332–334, pp. 1073–1076
Cytotoxic effect of aluminium ions on unicellular eukaryotic organism
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2019-10-08 | Accepted: 2019-11-26 | Available online: 2019-12-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.04.130-137Aluminium is abundant in nature, food, or water and thus its exposition is part of everyday life. However, overexposure can result in cellular malfunctions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aluminium on eukaryotes, with the use of Schizosaccharomyces pombe as model organism. Spectrophotometry at OD600, inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and microscopy techniques were used to analyse aluminium responses on the living system. Our results revealed that exposition of increasing aluminium concentrations lead to cell growth inhibition in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, aluminium incorporation by the cell from media markedly increased with rising Al concentration. Our results indicate that the yeast self-protection system in the presence of lower Al(OH)3 concentration in the environment avoids to large extent dramatic uptake of aluminium by the cell while cells surrounded by higher aluminium concentrations lose this ability. Supplementation of the growth media with 100 μM Al(OH)3 doubled the amount of Al in the cell compared to untreated control (232 mg/kg vs. 459 mg/kg), whereas addition of 1 mM Al(OH)3 caused more than hundred fold increase of intracellular Al content (27,781 mg/kg). Here we also show that high concentrations of aluminium have an impact on cell morphology leading to cell integrity disruption. Findings presented in this study have the ambition to bring more light in an issue of how aluminium mediates impairments of the living organism.ReferencesANOOP, V.M. et al. (2003) Modulation of citrate metabolism alters aluminum tolerance in yeast and transgenic canola overexpressing a mitochondrial citrate synthase. In Plant Physiology, vol. 132, no. 4, pp. 2205–2217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.023903BRUNNER, I. and SPERISEN, C. (2013) Aluminum exclusion and aluminum tolerance in woody plants. In Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 4, 172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00172CHEN, Y. et al. (2018) Advances in dialysis encephalopathy research: a review. In Neurological Sciences, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 1151–1159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3426-yCLEMENS, S. and SIMM, C. (2003) Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model for metal homeostasis in plant cells: the phytochelatin‐dependent pathway is the main cadmium detoxification mechanism. In New Phytologist, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 323–330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00811.xCOLOMINA M.T. and PERIS-SAMPEDRO F. (2017) Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease. In Aschner M., Costa L. (eds.) Neurotoxicity of Metals. Advances in Neurobiology, vol. 18 Springer, Cham, pp. 183–197. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_9FRANTZIOS, G. et al. (2000) Aluminium effects on microtubule organization in dividing root-tip cells of Triticum turgidum. I. Mitotic cells. In New Phytologist, vol. 145, no. 2, pp. 211–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00580.xGUO, L. et al. (2016) Global fitness profiling identifies arsenic and cadmium tolerance mechanisms in fission yeast. In G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, vol. 6, no. 10, pp.3317–3333. DOI: https://doi.org./10.1534/g3.116.033829HEIMLICHER, M.B. et al. (2019) Reversible solidification of fission yeast cytoplasm after prolonged nutrient starvation. In Journal of Cell Science, vol.132, no. 21, pp. 1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.231688HOFFMAN, C.S. et al. (2015) An ancient yeast for young geneticists: a primer on the Schizosaccharomyces pombe model system. In Genetics, vol. 201, no. 2, pp. 403–423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.181503HUANG, W.-J. et al. (2014) Aluminum induces rapidly mitochondria-dependent programmed cell death in Alsensitive peanut root tips. In Botanical Studies, vol. 55, 67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-014-0067-1JASKOWIAK, J. et al. (2018) Analysis of aluminum toxicity in Hordeum vulgare roots with an emphasis on DNA integrity and cell cycle. In PLoS ONE, vol. 13, 2: e0193156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193156JONES, D. and RYAN, P. (2003) Aluminum toxicity. In: Thomas, B. et al. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Science. London: Elsevier Academic Press, pp. 656–664.KAIZER, R.R. et al. (2005) Acetylcholinesterase activation and enhanced lipid peroxidation after long-term exposure to low levels of aluminum on different mouse brain regions. In Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, vol. 99, no. 9, pp. 1865–1870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.06.015KAKIMOTO, M. et al. (2005) Genome-wide screening of aluminum tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Biometals: An International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 467–474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-005-4663-0KOVACIK, A. et al. (2019) Trace metals in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio: Effect to Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Status Markers. In Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 188, no. 2, pp. 494–507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12011-018-1415-xKUMAR, V. et al. (2009) Aluminium-induced oxidative DNA damage recognition and cellcycle disruption in different regions of rat brain. In Toxicology, vol. 264, no. 3, pp. 137–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.011LI, X. et al. (2011) Regulating cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis can reduce aluminum toxicity in yeast. In PLoS ONE, vol. 6, 6: e21148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021148LI, X. et al. (2012) Aluminum induces osteoblast apoptosis through the oxidative stress-mediated JNK signaling pathway. In Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 502–508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9523-5MACDIARMID, C.W. and Gardner, R.C. (1996) Al toxicity in yeast (A role for Mg?). In Plant Physiology, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 1101–1109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.3.1101MAYA, S. et al. (2016) Multifaceted effects of aluminium in neurodegenerative diseases: a review. In Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol. 83, pp. 746–754. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.035NEHRU, B. and ANAND, P. (2005) Oxidative damage following chronic aluminium exposure in adult and pup rat brains. In Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 203–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.09.004NIAN, H. et al. (2012) Physiological and transcriptional analysis of the effects of aluminum stress on Cryptococcus humicola. In World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2319–2329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11274-012-1039-9POZGAJOVA, M. et al. (2013) Prp4 kinase is required for proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In Acta Biochimica Polonica, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 871–873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18388/ abp.2013_2075POZGAJOVA, M. et al. (2019) Impact of cadmium and nickel on ion homeostasis in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, pp. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1673613PŘIBYL, P. et al. (2008) Cytoskeletal alterations in interphase cells of the green alga Spirogyra decimina in response to heavy metals exposure: II. The effect of aluminium, nickel and copper. In Toxicology in Vitro, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1160– 1168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2008.03.005QIN, R. et al. (2010) Effects of aluminum on nucleoli in root tip cells and selected physiological and biochemical characters in Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. In BMC Plant Biology, vol. 10, p. 225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-225SABATINOS, S.A. and FORSBURG, S.L. (2010) Molecular genetics of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 470, pp. 759–795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(10)70032-XSALGADO, A. et al. (2012) Response to arsenate treatment in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the role of its arsenate reductase activity. In PloS one, vol. 7, no. 8, pp.SHORT, A.I. et al. (1980) Reversible microcytic hypochromic anaemia in dialysis patients due to aluminium intoxication. In Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. In European Dialysis and Transplant Association, vol. 17, pp. 226–233.TUN, N.M. et al. (2013) Disulfide stress-induced aluminium toxicity: molecular insights through genome-wide screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Metallomics, vol. 5 no. 8, pp. 1068–1075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C3MT00083DVARDAR, F. et al. (2016) Determination of aluminum induced programmed cell death characterized by DNA fragmentation in Gramineae species. In Caryologia, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 111–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2015.1109954WANG, C. et al. (2013) Proteomic analysis of a high aluminum tolerant yeast Rhodotorula taiwanensis RS1 in response to aluminum stress. In Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Proteins and Proteomics, vol. 1834, no. 10, pp. 1969–1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.06.014WOOD, V. et al. (2002) The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In Nature, vol. 415, no. 6874, pp. 871–880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature724WU, M.J. et al. (2012) Delineation of the molecular mechanism for disulfide stress-induced aluminium toxicity. In Biometals: An International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 553–561. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-012-9534-xWYSOCKI, R., and TAMÁS, M. J. 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Influence of soil texture and compost on the early growth and nutrient uptake of Moringa oleifera Lam
Get PDFArticle Details: Received: 2019-01-15 | Accepted: 2019-06-03 | Available online: 2019-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.02.26-33Soil is the main reservoir of water and nutrients, and thus controls the availability of most essential plant nutrients for crop growth and establishment. Therefore, a study was conducted at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria to investigate the effects of soil texture and compost on early growth of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera). The experiment was a split plot laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main treatment comprises of three soil texture; sand, loamy sand, and clay while the sub-plot treatment was compost at four rates of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 tha-1 per 10 kg of soil and NPK 15:15:15 at the rate of 90 kg Nha-1. Data on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter were measured at 2 week interval for 10 weeks. Results showed that Moringa plant produced in loamy sand was superior in plant height, number of leaves and stem girth irrespective of compost applied. At 10 weeks after sowing, fresh shoot weights/pot was 73.3, 31.7, 30.3 g respectively for loamy sand, clay and sand. M. oleifera N uptake in loamy sand was significantly (p<0.05) greater by 57 and 50%, respectively, than sand and clay. P uptake was significantly higher at 5 ton ha-1 than the control and other treatments. The study concluded that, combination of loamy sand and 5 ton ha-1 of compost was suitable for the early growth of M. oleifera.ReferencesADEBAYO, A.G. et al. (2011) Assessment of organic amendments on vegetative development and nutrient uptake of Moringa oleifera Lam in the nursery. Asian J. Plant Sci., vol. 10, pp. 74–79. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2011.74ADUAYI, E.A. et al. (2002) Fertilizer use and management practices for crops in Nigeria. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.AGYENIM-BAOTENG, S. et al. (2006) Poultry manure Effect on growth and yield of maize. W. Afri. J. Appli. Ecol., no. 9, pp. 61–70.AKANBI, W.B. et al. (2005) Suitability of composted maize straw and mineral nitrogen fertilizer for tomato production. J. Veg. Sci., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 57–65.AMANUALLAH, M.M et al. (2010) Prospects and potential of poultry manure. Asian Journal of Plant Science, vol. 9, pp. 172–182.ASANTE, W. J. et al. (2012) Initial growth response of Moringa oleifera seedlings to different soil amendments. African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 7, no. 45, pp. 6082–6086.BECKER, K. and SIDDHURAJU, P. (2003) Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of Total Phenolic Constituents from Three Different Agro Climatic Origins of Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera). Agric. Food Chem., vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 2144–2155.BENNETT, R. N. et al. (2003) Profiling glucosinolates and phenolics in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the multi-purpose trees Moringa oleifera L. (horseradish tree) and Moringa stenopetala L. J. Agric. Food Chem., no. 51, pp. 3546–3553.BRAY, R. H. and KURTZ, I. T. (1945) Determination of total and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, no. 59, pp. 45–49.BREMNER, J. N. and MULVARY, C.S. (1965) Total nitrogen. In: SPARKS (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, pp. 599–622.CHUKWUKA, K.S. and OMOTAYO, O.E. (2009) Soil fertility restoration potentials of tithonia green manure and water hyacinth compost on a nutrient depleted soil in Southwestern Nigeria. Res. J. Soil Biol., no. 1, pp. 20–30.DOERR, B. and CAMERON, L. (2005) Moringa Leaf Powder. Echo Technical Note.ERIN H. (2007) “Organic Farming“ Microsoft Student 200 (DVD). WA: Microsoft Corporation.ESU, Z.E. (1991) Detailed Soil Survey of NIHORT Farm at Bunkure, Kano State, Nigeria. Zaria: Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University.FOIDL, N. et al. (2001) The Potential of Moringa oleifera for Agricultural and Industrial uses. In: FUGLIE (Ed.). The Miracle Tree/The Multiple Attributes of Moringa CTA, pp. 45–76.FRANZLUEBBERS, A.J. (2002) Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth. Soil Till. Res., vol. 66, pp. 197–205.FUGLIE, L.J. (2001) The Miracle Tree, Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. Training Manual. Dakar: Church World Service.GEE, G.W. and OR, D. (2002) Particle size analysis. In: DANE AND TOPP (Eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Methods of Soil Analysis. Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, pp. 255–293.IMORO, A.W.M. et al. (2012) Preliminary study on effects of two different sources of organic manure on the growth performance of Moringa oleifera seedlings. J. Bio. Agric. Health Care, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 147–158.MURWIRA, H.K. and MUGWIRA, L.M. (1997) Use of cattle manure to improve soil fertility in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe: Department of Research and Specialist Services, Chemistry and Soil Research Institute.NELSON, D.W. and SOMMERS, L.E. (1996) Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: SPARKS (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, pp. 961–1010.OSHUNSANYA, S.O. et al. (2015) Growth and mineral composition of Moringa oleifera as affected by soil texture under water stress conditions. Journal of Applied research, vol. 7, pp. 151–160.OYEDEJI, S. et al. (2014) Effects of NPK and poultry manure on growth, yield, and proximate composition of three Amaranths. J. Bot., Article ID 828750.PAHLA, I. et al. (2013) Effects of soil type and manure level on the establishment and growth of Moringa oleifera. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 226–230.PALADA, M.C. and CHANG, L.C. (2003) Suggested Cultural practices For Moringa AVRDC international cooperators. Guid Online]. Retrieved 2018-11-28 from http://www.avrdc.org/Lc/indigenous/moringa.pdfPALM, A.C. et al. (2001) Organic input for soil fertility management in tropical agroecosystems: Application of organic resource database. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 83, pp. 27–42.PARR, J. F. and COLACICCO, D. (1987) Energy in Plant Nutrition and Pest Control In: Energy in World Agriculture. London: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 81–129.SAS institute, 2002. SAS/STAT User’s Guide. In: Version 8.2. SAS Institute Cary, NC.SWAIDER, M.J. et al. (1992) Producing Vegetables. 4th ed., Vero Media Platform.TEL, D. and RAO, F. (1982) Automated and semi-automated methods for soil and plant analysis. Ibadan: IITA, pp. 201– 270.ZEBARTH, B. J. et al. (1999) Influence of organic waste amendments on selected soil physical and chemical properties. Can. J. Soil Sci., vol. 79, pp. 501–504