Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri (University of Brawijaya)
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Solar Tunnel Drying System: A Literature Review
Full text linkAbstractProduction, productivity, and area under production from fruits and spices are gradually increasing. Improper processes of freshly harvested spice and fruit products will make them undergo qualitative deterioration with each passing hour. This deterioration is more pronounced in high humid areas. Drying process in one or the other form is essential. Freshly harvested spices and fruit products in average contain more than 80% moisture. The commodities need to be dried to have a moisture content below 10% in the shortest possible time for safe storage. Drying process in most cases are accomplished by the open sun. Meanwhile, the environmental condition in solar tunnel drying is enclosure type and the product is protected from rains, dust, insects, and rodents. Solar tunnel drying, a widely used bulk dryer, facilitates faster drying than open drying by virtue of the greenhouse effect. Commercial cultivators by and large choose faster drying methods using wood and fossil fuel-fired heating sources. This study attempts to review recent advances of various designs and working of the greenhouse drying system in totality, like auxiliary drying during off-sun hours, bulk drying feasibility, ease in loading and unloading along with an analysis of key features and economics involved.Keywords: auxiliary drying, greenhouse drying system, processing AbstrakProduksi, produktivitas dan luas areal produksi buah-buahan dan rempah-rempah meningkat secara bertahap. Produk rempah dan buah yang baru dipanen akan mengalami penurunan kualitas seiring waktu berjalan jika tidak diproses dengan benar. Kerusakan ini lebih terlihat di daerah dengan kelembaban tinggi. Pengeringan dalam satu atau bentuk lain penting dalam pemrosesan. Rempah-rempah dan produk buah yang baru dipanen rata-rata mengandung lebih dari 80% kelembaban dan perlu dikeringkan hingga kelembabannya di bawah 10% dalam waktu sesingkat mungkin untuk penyimpanan yang aman. Pengeringan ini dalam kebanyakan kasus dilakukan dengan sinar matahari terbuka, sedangkan kondisi lingkungan pengeringan terowongan surya adalah tipe tertutup dan produk terlindungi dari hujan, debu, serangga dan hewan pengerat. Pengeringan terowongan surya merupakan pengering kapasitas besar yang banyak digunaka. Pengeringan dengan alat ini lebih cepat daripada pengeringan terbuka berdasarkan efek rumah kaca. Pembudidaya komersial pada umumnya memilih metode pengeringan yang lebih cepat yang menggunakan kayu dan sumber pemanas berbahan bakar fosil. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kemajuan terkini dari berbagai desain dan cara kerja sistem pengeringan rumah kaca secara keseluruhan, seperti, pengeringan tambahan di malam hari, kelayakan pengeringan kapasitas besar, kemudahan dalam bongkar muat, serta analisis fitur utama dan ekonomi.Kata kunci: pengeringan bantu, pengolahan, sistem pengeringan rumah kaca
Penyusunan Strategi Rantai Pasok Komoditas Sayur Menggunakan Analisis Strukur Biaya Logistik
Full text linkAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk penggambaran struktur rantai pasok sayur, analisis struktur biaya logistik, dan menyusun alternatif strategi bagi tier rantai pasok sayur dalam rangka pemerataan distribusi pendapatan dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Total responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 197 orang. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisis biaya logistik adalah metode Activity-Based Costing. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem rantai pasok komoditas sayur terdiri dari lima tier, dengan tier utamanya adalah petani, kelompok tani, pengepul, pedagang besar, dan pedagang kecil. Hasil perhitungan biaya logistik menunjukkan bahwa total biaya logistik sebesar Rp7.705,88/kg dengan 65,8% merupakan biaya yang berasal dari aktivitas material handling dan 34,2% lainnya adalah biaya dari aktivitas procurement, transportasi, inventory, maintenance, dan informasi. Strategi yang ditetapkan adalah sebaiknya melakukan penambahan aktivitas pasca panen pada tier petani, penerapan strategi efisien dan responsif pada tier kelompok tani, penerapan strategi pull supply chain pada tier pengepul, penerapan strategi pull-push supply chain pada tier pedagang besar, serta penerapan konsep Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replensihment (CPFR) pada sistem rantai pasok sayur ini.Kata kunci: Activity-Based Costing, logistik, strategi rantai pasok sayur AbstractThis study aimed to a depiction of the vegetable supply chain structure, analysis of the logistics cost structure, and the development of alternative strategies for the vegetable supply chain tier to equalize income distribution and increase farmers' income. The total respondents in this study were 197 people. The method for analyzing logistics costs is Activity-Based Costing. The results of this study showed that vegetable commodity supply chain systems consisting of 5 tiers. The main actors were farmers, farmer groups, collectors, wholesalers, and small traders. The calculation of logistics costs showed that total logistic costs were IDR 7,705.88/kg, of which 65.8% from material handling activities and another 34.2% was costs of procurement, transportation, inventory, maintenance, and information. The recommendation strategies were adding post-harvest activities for farmers, applying efficient and responsive strategies for farmer groups, applying the pull supply chain strategy for collectors, applying pull-push supply chain strategies for wholesalers, and applying concept Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replensihment (CPFR) in the vegetable supply chain.Keywords: Activity-Based Costing, logistics, vegetable supply chain strategy
Desain Afektif Kemasan Produk Household Care Berbahan Baku Serat Selulosa pada PT XY
Full text linkAbstrak Kemasan produk saat ini harus dapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen dengan persepsi berbeda-beda. Desain afektif untuk kemasan produk diperlukan untuk mengetahui respon atau emosi konsumen tehadap produk tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi kebutuhan afektif konsumen untuk desain kemasan produk household care ramah lingkungan, mengidentifkasi elemen desain yang relevan dengan kemasan produk, dan mengembangkan desain afektif kemasan produk berdasarkan elemen desain dan kebutuhan afektif konsumen. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Algoritma Relief untuk menentukan elemen desain relevan berdasarkan tingkat kepentingan dan Association Rule Mining (ARM) untuk merumuskan desain kemasan yang efektif. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa sepuluh elemen kemasan terpenting menurut persepsi konsumen (bentuk badan, volume isi, letak brand, bahan kemasan, warna tulisan brand, fungsi kemasan, ukuran huruf, gambar tema, warna badan, serta rasio panjang dan lebar kemasan). Sampel kemasan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan sepuluh elemen desain tersebut dan tipenya pada setiap elemen. Metode ARM menghasilkan sepuluh aturan teratas dari hubungan antar elemen desain dengan persepsi konsumen. Sepuluh aturan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam mengem-bangkan desain kemasan produk.Kata kunci: Association Rules Mining, desain afektif, elemen desain, Relief AbstractProduct packaging nowadays must be able to fulfill the needs of consumers with different perceptions. Affective design for household care product packaging is required to determine consumer responses or emotions for the product. This research aims to identify the consumer needs for design product packaging, identify the relevant design elements to the product packaging, and develop the affective design of packaging based on design elements and consumer needs. The methods used were Relief Algorithm to extract the essential design elements and resulted in the most essential element and Association Rule Mining (ARM) to formulate an affective design of household care packaging in PT XY. These research results are the ten essential packaging elements according to consumer perceptions (body shape, content volume, brand position, packaging material, brand writing color, packaging function, font size, theme image, body-color, and width to length ratio). The packaging sample classified based on the ten design elements and the type for each element. ARM resulted in the top ten rules based on the relation between design elements and consumer perceptions. PT XY can use it for guidelines in developing effective product packaging design.Keywords: affective design, Association Rules Mining, design element, Relie
Erratum for: Halal Products Assurance Policy Model and Its Impact on Sustainability of Fish Ball SMI using System Dynamics Simulation Approach
Full text linkWe apologize for the error in the article "Halal Products Assurance Policy Model and Its Impact on Sustainability of Fish Ball SMI using System Dynamics Simulation Approach". The errors are:The title changed from “Halal Products Assurance Policy Model and Its Impact on Sustainability Fish Ball SMI with Dynamic System Simulation Approach” to “Halal Products Assurance Policy Model and Its Impact on Sustainability of Fish Ball SMI using System Dynamics Simulation Approach”.“dynamic system” changed to “system dynamics” on the entire page.Page 47. Table 1. No 8. “the higher the cost, the better” changed to “the higher, the better”.Original article has been corrected
The Use of Supply Chain Risk Management Process (SCRMP) in Third-Party Logistics Industry: A Case Study in Indonesia
Full text linkAbstractGlobalization brought new opportunities to logistics providers worldwide, especially in the Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkey (MIST) countries. However, this attractive opportunity also came with high risk due to the complexity of the global supply chain. Third-party logistics providers need to be prepared to minimize the risks by utilizing risk management to ensure a smooth supply chain operation. This case was conducted with a major Indonesian third-party logistics (3PL) provider, utilizing the Supply Chain Risk Management Process (SCRMP) to control and monitor all risks that can arise in the company. The structure of the method can be divided into four phases: risk identification, risk measurement/risk assessment, risk evaluation, and risk mitigation/contingency plans. The purpose of this research is to validate how the SCRMP concept performs in challenging contexts such as the Indonesian 3PL industry. The study also bridged the theoretical-practical gap by helping practitioners gain valuable insights to manage risks in the company and provided appropriate risk mitigation. The results showed that there are seven unacceptable risks requiring risk mitigation and control. Risk mitigation strategies were then recommended, based on the risks that were categorized as the most critical and unacceptable. The recommendation is expected to reduce the risks that occur in the Indonesian cold chain.Keywords: risk management, supply chain risk management process, third-party logistics provider
Analysis on Product Quality of Semi Refined Carrageenan using Six Sigma and Cost of Poor Quality
Full text linkAbstractThe study aimed to minimize defective products to improve the production process quality of PT BI by identifying the most types of defects, calculating Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value, suggesting the quality improvement of the Semi Refined Carrageenan (SRC) production process, and calculating Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) value. The methods used in this research were Six Sigma and the COPQ. The priority improvement based on the Pareto chart was moisture defects with the percentage of damage of 36.9%. The Sigma level of the production process of PT BI was 3.42 with a defect rate of 27,429 DPMO. The analysis on the cause and effect diagram showed that factors affected the occurrence of defective products were error in reading on moisture content, diverse raw material, the wrong method of mixing raw materials prior to production process, and the lack of inspectors of production process. The most influential-dominant factor was the obsolete machine which causes error in reading on moisture content. The company can take preventive and corrective actions to suppress defective products and improve product quality. Based on the calculation of the COPQ, the costs that must be incurred by the company due to defective products was IDR 1,007,690,694.Keywords: Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ), quality control, seaweed, Six Sigma AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan jumlah produk cacat sehingga meningkatkan kualitas proses produksi PT BI dengan mengidentifikasi jenis cacat terbanyak, menghitung nilai Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO), menyarankan perbaikan kualitas proses produksi Semi Refined Carragenan (SRC) serta menghitung nilai Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ). Metode yang digunakan adalah Six Sigma dan COPQ. Perbaikan yang diprioritaskan berdasarkan diagram Pareto adalah cacat moisture dengan persentase 36,9%. Tingkat Sigma dari proses produksi PT BI adalah 3,42 dengan tingkat kecacatan 27,429 DPMO. Analisis diagram sebab akibat menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya produk cacat adalah kesalahan pada pembacaan kadar air, keragaman bahan baku, metode pencampuran bahan baku yang salah sebelum proses produksi serta kurangnya pengawas proses produksi. Faktor dominan yang paling berpengaruh adalah mesin usang yang menyebabkan kesalahan pembacaan kadar air. Perusahaan dapat mengambil tindakan preventif dan korektif untuk menekan jumlah produk cacat dan meningkatkan kualitas produk. Berdasarkan perhitungan COPQ, biaya yang harus dikeluarkan perusahaan akibat produk cacat adalah sebesar Rp1.007.690.694.Kata kunci: Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ),, pengendalian kualitas, rumput laut, Six Sigma
The Encapsulation of Noni Fruit using Foam Mat Drying Method
Full text linkAbstractIndonesia is an agrarian country with its extensive production sectors. One of them is of biopharma commodities called noni (Morinda sp.). The production number of noni fruit in 2013 is 8,432,119 kg and 8,577,347 kg in 2014. The research aims to obtain an optimum temperature and concentration of maltodextrin of noni powder making, the optimum total of yield and antioxidant. The powdering process was carried out using Foam Mat Drying. The research employed the Response Surface Method (RSM) with central composite design factorial 22 for optimization. The factors studied were maltodextrin (10%, 15%, and 20%) and temperatures (80°C, 85°C, and 90°C). The results showed that the optimum formula composition specifically is at a temperature of 84.447°C, and 20% w/w (weight by weight) of maltodextrin. Based on the optimum formula, it was predicted that the value of the antioxidant activity was 60.473 mg/ml per 100 mg, and the yield was 22.417% w/w. Hence, it can be concluded that the optimum formula obtained can be used as a model for the making of noni fruit powder.Keywords: Foam Mat Drying, noni powder, response surface method AbstrakIndonesia adalah sebuah negara agraris dan hasil sektor produksi terbesar. Salah satunya dari komoditas Biofarmaka yaitu mengkudu (Morinda sp.). Tanaman mengkudu yang dihasilkan nilai produksinya pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 8.432.119 kg, tahun 2014 sebanyak 8.577.347 kg. Tujuan penelitian ini didapatkan suhu dan konsentrasi maltodekstrin yang tepat pada pembuatan serbuk mengkudu serta didapatkan total rendemen dan antioksidan yang optimal. Metode yang digunakan pada proses pembubukan adalah Foam Mat Drying. Metode yang digunakan untuk optimasi adalah Metode Permukaan Tanggap (RSM) dengan rancangan komposit terpusat faktorial 22. faktor yang digunakan adalah maltodekstrin yaitu 10%, 15% dan 20% serta suhu yaitu 80°C, 85°C dan 90°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi formula yang terbaik suhu sebesar 84,447°C, dan maltodekstrin sebesar 20% b/b (berat per berat). Dapat diprediksikan dari formula optimal tersebut mendapatkan nilai aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 60,473 mg/ml per 100 mg dan rendemen sebesar 22,417% b/b. Disimpulkan bahwa formula optimal yang telah didapatkan dapat digunakan sebagai model untuk pembuatan serbuk dari buah mengkudu.Kata kunci: Foam Mat Drying, Metode Permukaan Tanggap, serbuk mengkudu
Pengembangan Produk Minuman Herbal Berbasis Teh Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) Menggunakan Metode Value Engineering
Full text linkAbstrakMinuman herbal merupakan minuman berbahan dasar bagian tumbuhan yang berkhasiat bagi tubuh. Salah satu tumbuhan berkhasiat yang dapat diolah menjadi minuman herbal yaitu cabe jawa, namun selama ini cabe jawa hanya digunakan sebagai bahan pembantu dalam pembuatan jamu dan minuman herbal lainnya. Oleh karena itu, terdapat peluang pengembangan produk berbasis cabe jawa sebagai bahan baku utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alternatif pengembangan produk minuman herbal berbasis teh cabe jawa mengunakan metode Value Engineering dengan 5 tahapan, yaitu tahap informasi, kreatif, analisis, pengembangan, dan rekomendasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan 5 alternatif pengembangan produk minuman herbal berbasis cabe jawa dengan skor tertinggi. Masing-masing alternatif berbeda pada proporsi daun teh dan cabe jawa, berat per kantong, jenis kemasan dan penggunaan benang. Alternatif terbaik yang diperoleh yaitu alternatif 3 dengan kondisi proporsi daun teh dan cabe jawa (1:2) dengan berat < 2 (1-2) gr/ kantong, jenis kemasan box dengan menggunakan benang. Rasio nilai tambah minuman cabe jawa celup dengan metode Value Engineering sebesar 52,095% dengan persentase keuntungan 34,251% dari produk sebelumya dan nilai tambah sebesar Rp5.822,81.Kata Kunci: minuman herbal, teh cabe jawa, Value Engineering AbstractHerbal drinks are drinks based on plant parts that are beneficial for health. One of the beneficial plants that can be processed into herbal drinks is Java long pepper. So far, Java long pepper only used as a supporting ingredient in producing herbs and other herbal drinks. Therefore, there is an opportunity to develop Java long pepper-based products as the primary raw material. This study aims to determine the product development of herbal drink based on Java long pepper tea using the Value Engineering method with five stages (information, creative, analysis, development, and recommendation stages). This study resulted in 5 alternatives for herbal drink products based on Java long pepper tea with the highest score. Each alternative is different in the proportion of tea leaves and Java long pepper, weight per bag, type of packaging, and use of teabag yarn. The best alternative obtained is alternative 3 with the condition of the proportion of tea leaves and Java long pepper (1: 2) with a weight of <2 (1-2) gram per bag and type of box packaging using teabag yarn. The ratio of value-added to Java long pepper tea with the Value Engineering method is 52.095%, with a profit percentage of 34.251% from the previous product and an added value of Rp5,822.81.Keywords: herbal drinks, java long pepper tea, Value Engineerin