Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri (University of Brawijaya)
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The Agroindustry Development Strategy for Java Ijen-Raung Arabica Coffee, in Bondowoso Regency, East Java
Full text linkAbstractThe potential of Java Ijen-Raung Arabica Coffee in the Bondowoso Regency, East Java needs to be increased by developing the downstream agroindustry. This study aims to determine the location of the downstream coffee agroindustry development area and its potential products, determine the added value of downstream coffee products, analyze its financial feasibility, and formulate a development strategy. Research methods used in this study include factor weighting, exponential comparison method, interpretive structural modeling, Hayami method, and financial feasibility analysis. The results showed that the development of the Java Ijen-Raung Arabica Coffee agroindustry was prioritized in Sumberwringin District as a development center. Downstream coffee products that have the potential to be developed are ground coffee. The added value generated from the processing of ground coffee is IDR 9,320/kg, with a value-added ratio of 48.09%. The results of the financial feasibility analysis show that the downstream coffee agroindustry is financially feasible to be developed by business actors. The downstream agroindustry development strategy formulation for Java Ijen-Raung Arabica Coffee refers to the key development sub-elements, i.e. increasing market area, monitoring product quality, and involving stakeholders in its implementation.Keywords: Bondowoso Regency, downstream agroindustry, Java Ijen-Raung Arabica Coffee, strategy AbstrakPotensi Kopi Arabika Java Ijen-Raung di Kabupaten Bondowoso, Jawa Timur perlu ditingkatkan melalui pengembangan agroindustri hilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi wilayah pengembangan agroindustri hilir kopi dan produk potensialnya, menentukan nilai tambah produk hilir kopi, dan menganalisis kelayakannya secara finansial, serta merumuskan strategi pengembangannya. Metode penelitian mencakup pembobotan faktor, metode perbandingan eksponensial, pemodelan struktural interpretatif, metode Hayami, dan analisis kelayakan finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan agroindustri Kopi Arabika Java Ijen-Raung diprioritaskan di Kecamatan Sumberwringin sebagai sentra pengembangan. Produk hilir kopi yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan adalah kopi bubuk. Nilai tambah yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan kopi bubuk sebesar Rp9.320/kg dengan rasio pertambahan nilai sebesar 48,09%. Hasil analisis kelayakan finansial menunjukkan bahwa agroindustri produk hilir kopi secara finansial layak dikembangkan oleh pelaku usaha. Rumusan strategi pengembangan agroindustri hilir Kopi Arabika Java Ijen-Raung mengacu pada sub elemen kunci pengembangan, yaitu peningkatkan jangkauan pasar, pengawasan kualitas produk, dan melibatkan pemangku kepentingan dalam pelaksanaannya.Kata kunci: agroindustri hilir, Kabupaten Bondowoso, Kopi Arabika Java Ijen-Raung, strateg
Healthy Food Consumer Segmentation for Targeting and Positioning New Product Slimming Jelly
Full text linkAbstractThis study aims to determine market segments, market targets, and market positioning of slimming jelly using the segmentation analysis on healthy food consumer. The respondents used in this study were the consumers who regularly consume healthy food at least once per week within the last two months. The number of samples is 204 respondents. The consumer segmentation is done based on several variables including demographic aspects, motivation, consumption consistency, social tendencies, and attitudes towards new products. The segmentation analysis is carried out using the K-means non-hierarchical clustering method. The method splits the customers into three significantly different clusters at the 0.05 level, namely the adolescent age segment, which has attention to body shape, the adult segment which focus on body weight control, and the adults' segment which are not interested on body weight control. Based on the principle of selective specialization, the target market for slimming jelly is in clusters 1 and 2, with slimming jelly is positioned as a hunger delaying food that claimed to be high in fiber and low in calories so that it is suitable for health and can be used in diet programs.Keywords: healthy food, positioning, segmentation, slimming food, targeting Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan segmen pasar, target pasar, dan positioning produk slimming jelly melalui segmentasi konsumen healthy food. Sampel yang digunakan adalah pengkonsumsi healthy food secara rutin minimal 1 kali per minggu dan terakhir melakukan konsumsi dua bulan yang lalu. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 204 responden. Segmentasi berdasarkan pada variabel dari aspek demografis, motivasi, konsistensi konsumsi, kecenderungan sosial, dan sikap terhadap produk baru. Analisis segmentasi menggunakan metode K-means non hierarchical clustering menghasilkan tiga klaster pasar yang berbeda secara siginifikan pada taraf 0,05, yaitu segmen usia remaja yang memiliki perhatian terhadap bentuk badan, segmen dewasa yang memiliki tujuan manajemen berat badan, dan segmen dewasa yang kurang memiliki motivasi manajemen berat badan. Target pasar slimming jelly berdasarkan prinsip selective specialization adalah pada klaster 1 dan 2 dengan positioning slimming jelly sebagai makanan selingan penunda lapar yang memiliki klaim tinggi serat dan rendah kalori sehingga baik untuk kesehatan dan dapat digunakan untuk membantu program diet.Kata kunci: healthy food, positioning, segmentasi, slimming food, targeting
Optimization of Vanillin Extraction from Biodegradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Serpula lacrymans
Full text linkAbstract This research aims to determine the combination of the ethyl acetate solvent volume and the extraction time that resulted in the optimum response of vanillin content and vanillin yield from the degradation of lignocellulose components from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). First, OPEFB degraded using Serpula lacrymans to break down lignocellulosic components. The research design used a centralized composite design with two factors, the volume of ethyl acetate solvent (ml) and the extraction time (minutes). The responses of the experiment are vanillin content and vanillin yields. The optimization analysis results showed that the volume of ethyl acetate solvent and extraction time have a quadratic effect on the vanillin content and vanillin yields. The optimal solution was obtained by treatment with ethyl acetate volume 101.1 ml and extraction time 123.5 minutes. The optimal solution prediction results obtained vanillin content 0.014% and vanillin yield 7.302 μg/g with desirability of 92.8%. Validation based on the optimal solution’s prediction brought response vanillin content 0.013% and vanillin yield 6.950 μg/g. The vanillin content and yield validation results differed respectively by 4.081% and 4.826% lower when compared to predictions on the optimal solution.Keywords: ethyl acetate, vanillin content, vanillin yield AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi dari volume pelarut etil asetat dan lama waktu ektraksi yang menghasilkan respon kadar vanillin dan yield vanillin optimum dari hasil degradasi komponen lignoselulosa tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit terlebih dahulu didegradasi menggunakan jamur pelapuk Serpula lacrymans untuk memecah komponen lignoselulosa. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan komposit terpusat dengan dua faktor, yaitu volume pelarut etil asetat (ml) dan lama waktu ekstraksi (menit). Respon dari percobaan tersebut adalah kadar vanillin dan yield vanillin. Hasil penelitian untuk analisis optimasi menunjukkan bahwa faktor volume pelarut etil asetat dan lama waktu ekstraksi berpengaruh secara kuadratik terhadap respon kadar vanillin dan yield vanillin. Hasil solusi optimal diperoleh pada perlakuan dengan volume pelarut etil asetat sebesar 101,1 ml dan lama ekstraksi selama 123,5 menit. Hasil prediksi solusi optimal diperoleh kadar vanillin 0,014% dan yield vanillin 7,302 μg/g dengan ketepatan 92,8%. Validasi yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada prediksi solusi optimal diperoleh respon kadar vanillin 0,013% dan yield vanillin 6,950 μg/g. Hasil validasi kadar dan yield vanillin tersebut memiliki perbedaan masing-masing 4,081% dan 4,826% lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan prediksi pada solusi optimal.Kata kunci: etil asetat, kadar vanillin, yield vanillin
Shelf-life Estimation of Instant Pempek Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) Rancidity with the Arrhenius Acceleration Method
Full text linkAbstractRancidity is one of the potential damages to the instant pempek rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) during storage. The purpose of this study was to estimate the shelf life of instant pempek rajungan packed with polypropylene plastic (PP) based on the relationship between storage temperatures and free fatty acids produced. Estimation of shelf life using the acceleration method based on the Arrhenius model. Samples were stored for 30 days at three different temperatures, 25 ± 2 °C, 35 ± 2 °C, and 45 ± 2 °C. The parameter observed during the storage process was an assessment of the rancidity level based on the free fatty acids formed in the sample. Data were analyzed using linear regression and the equation obtained was used to calculate the shelf life of pempek rajungan at room temperature (27 °C). The results showed that the storage time for instant pempek rajungan products at temperatures of 25 ± 2 °C, 35 ± 2 °C, and 45 ± 2 °C could be estimated to be 78, 86, and 70 days respectively with an increase in the number of free fatty acids of 85.2018%, 265.3478%, and 253.1427%.Keywords: Arrhenius, free fatty acid, instant, pempek rajungan, shelf life Abstrak Ketengikan menjadi salah satu potensi kerusakan pempek rajungan instan selama penyimpanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menduga umur simpan pempek rajungan instan yang dikemas dengan plastik polypropylene (PP) berdasarkan hubungan antara suhu penyimpanan terhadap asam lemak bebas yang dihasilkan. Pendugaan umur simpan menggunakan metode akselerasi berdasarkan model Arrhenius. Sampel disimpan selama 30 hari pada tiga suhu yang berbeda, yaitu 25 ± 2 °C, 35 ± 2 °C, dan 45 ± 2 °C. Parameter yang diamati selama proses penyimpanan adalah penilaian tingkat ketengikan berdasarkan asam lemak bebas yang terbentuk pada sampel. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier dan persamaan yang diperoleh digunakan untuk menghitung umur simpan pempek pada suhu ruang (27 °C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, waktu penyimpanan produk pempek instan pada suhu 25 ± 2 °C, 35 ± 2 °C, dan 45 ± 2 °C dapat diduga berturut-turut sampai 78, 86, dan 70 hari dengan peningkatan jumlah asam lemak bebas berturut-turut sebesar 85,2018%, 265,3478%, dan 253,1427%.Kata kunci: Arrhenius, asam lemak bebas, instan, pempek rajungan, umur simpan
Product Development Model for Tempe Chocolate Chips Based on Costumer Preferences in Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia
Full text linkAbstractThis study aims to determine the attributes and categories that are important in product development and its model to obtain appropriate design recommendations based on consumer preferences using Quantification Theory Type 1 (QTT1). The number of respondents involved was 250 respondents in Banjarnegara Regency who were selected on purposive sampling. Respondents were asked to rate the level of preference for 14 samples of chocolate tempe chips. The results of the identification of attributes and categories that affect preferences obtained seven attributes and 19 categories, namely shape attributes (round, square, triangle, and oval), thickness (thin and thick), size (large and medium), distinctive aroma (tempe, chocolate, and fruits), flavors (chocolate and variants), surface layers (glossy, sprinkles, sprinkles & chocolate, visible tempe surface & sprinkles), as well as coatings (chocolate compound coating and chocolate coating & sprinkles). Based on the data analysis, some recommendations for product development of chocolate tempe chips are: round, 0.15 mm thick, 8 cm wide, flavored and chocolatey, glossy coating with chocolate coating and sprinkles.Keywords: costumer’s preferences, product development model, tempe chocolate chips AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan atribut hingga kategori yang penting dalam pengembangan produk dan memodelkannya untuk memperoleh rekomendasi desain yang sesuai berdasarkan preferensi konsumen dengan menggunakan Quantification Theory Type 1 (QTT1). Jumlah respoden yang terlibat sebanyak 250 responden di Kabupaten Banjarnegara yang dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Responden diminta untuk menilai tingkat preferensi terhadap 14 sampel produk keripik tempe cokelat. Hasil identifikasi atribut dan kategori yang memengaruhi preferensi diperoleh 7 atribut dan 19 kategori, yaitu atribut bentuk (bulat, kotak, segitiga, dan oval), ketebalan (tipis dan tebal), lebar (besar dan sedang), aroma khas (tempe, cokelat, dan buah-buahan), rasa (cokelat dan varian), lapisan permukaan (mengkilap, taburan, taburan & cokelat, serta tempe terlihat & ada taburan), serta pelapis (coating compound cokelat dan coating cokelat & taburan). Analisis data menghasilkan rekomendasi pengembangan produk keripik tempe cokelat adalah berbentuk bulat, tebal 0,15 mm, lebar 8 cm, beraroma dan berasa cokelat, lapisannya mengkilap dengan bahan pelapis coating cokelat dan taburan.Kata kunci: keripik tempe cokelat, model pengembangan produk, preferensi konsume
Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Characteristics of Chicken Sausage with Analog Meat Substitution
Full text linkAbstractThis research was conducted to make chicken sausage substitution using analog meat from gluten, soy protein isolate, wheat flour, Anjasmoro soybean, and gembili tuber flour to reduce chicken meat used and produce sausages with the same quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the sausage’s physical, chemical, and sensory properties. The formulation of chicken sausage with analog meat substitution used a completely randomized design method with a single factor (chicken meat and analog meat ratio), with five treatments and each treatment was repeated three times. The five treatments are P1 = 90% chicken meat : 10% analog meat, P2 = 80% chicken meat : 20% analog meat, P3 = 70% chicken meat : 30% analog meat, P4 = 60% chicken meat : 40% analog meat and P5 = 50% chicken : 50% analog meat. The results showed that the substitution of chicken meat with analog meat had a significant effect on the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of chicken sausage. The results show that 70% chicken meat and 30% analog meat is the best treatment.Keywords: analog meat, chicken sausage, substitution AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat substitusi sosis daging ayam menggunakan daging analog dari gluten, isolat protein kedelai, tepung terigu, kedelai Anjasmoro dan tepung umbi gembili. Sehingga dapat mengurangi penggunaan daging ayam dan dapat menghasilkan sosis dengan kualitas yang sama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sifat fisik, kimia dan sensorik sosis. Formulasi pembuatan sosis daging ayam dengan substitusi daging analog, menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan faktor tunggal (rasio penambahan daging ayam dan daging analog) dengan lima perlakuan serta masing - masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali ulangan. Lima perlakuan tersebut ialah P1 = 90% daging ayam : 10% daging analog, P2 = 80% daging ayam : 20% daging analog, P3 = 70% daging ayam : 30% daging analog, P4 = 60% daging ayam : 40% daging analog dan P5 = 50% daging ayam : 50% daging analog. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susbtitusi daging ayam dengan daging analog berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan sensorik sosis ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan70% daging ayam dan 30% daging analog adalah perlakuan terbaik.Kata Kunci: daging analog, sosis daging ayam, substitus
The Effect of Heat Treatment on Specific Gravity and Organoleptic Properties of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Milk
Full text linkAbstractMost of the dairy products sold in the market in Indonesia are animal milk but those products cannot be consumed by people with lactose intolerance and allergies. Plant-based milk is an alternative substitute for animal milk, and the most widely known is soy milk, but the production of soybeans in Indonesia is low. Jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) are an alternative raw material substitute for plant-based milk. Meanwhile, the protein content of jack beans is similar to soybeans, but it is not popular as a food ingredient. This study aims to obtain the acceptable combination factors in processing jack bean milk. A full factorial design experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of temperature and heating duration on the specific gravity of jack bean milk and its organoleptic properties such as color, aroma, taste, and texture. The results showed that the temperature and heating time influenced the specific gravity and organoleptic properties of jack bean milk. In addition, the best combination of factors and levels is at a heating temperature of 100 °C for 20 minutes, which results in the specific gravity of jack bean milk, which is 1.0758.Keywords: design of experiments, jack beans, plant-based milk AbstrakSebagian besar produk susu yang dijual di pasaran di Indonesia adalah susu hewani, tetapi produk tersebut tidak dapat dikonsumsi oleh penderita intoleransi laktosa dan alergi. Susu nabati dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti susu hewani. Susu nabati yang paling dikenal adalah susu kedelai, tetapi produksi kedelai di Indonesia masih rendah. Kacang koro pedang (Canavalia ensiformis) dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti dalam pembuatan susu nabati. Kacang koro pedang belum dikenal sebagai bahan makanan meskipun kandungan protein dalam kacang koro pedang mirip dengan kacang kedelai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan kombinasi faktor dalam mengolah kacang koro pedang yang dapat diterima masyarakat. Percobaan faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh suhu dan lama waktu pemanasan terhadap berat jenis dan karakteristik organoleptik susu koro pedang, seperti warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan lama waktu pemanasan mempengaruhi berat jenis dan karakteristik organoleptik susu koro pedang. Kombinasi faktor dan level terbaik diperoleh pada pemanasan dengan suhu 100 °C selama 20 menit yang menghasilkan berat jenis 1,0758.Kata kunci: kacang koro, rancangan percobaan, susu nabat
The Functionality of Probiotic Bacteria Microencapsulation by Spray Drying: A Literature Review
Full text linkAbstractProbiotic-based products are associated with many health benefits. The viability of probiotics is necessary to provide health benefits, but it is lost during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal tract. The viability of probiotics can be maintained by applying the spray drying encapsulation technique. This review article discusses probiotic bacteria, encapsulant ingredients, the principle of spray drying in microencapsulation, and the functional properties of spray drying probiotic microcapsules. This article uses a non-research method with a literature review of various sources such as research journals and related books. Based on existing studies, the viability of probiotic spray drying results is influenced by the bacterial culture used, the type and concentration of the encapsulated material, and the spray drying conditions (feed temperature, inlet temperature, and outlet temperature). Probiotic microcapsules spray drying has excellent potential in functional food formulations, and its commercial applications will benefit both the industry and consumers.Keywords: functionality, microencapsulation, probiotics, spray drying, viability AbstrakProduk berbasis probiotik sering dikaitkan dengan banyak manfaat kesehatan. Viabilitas probiotik diperlukan untuk memberi manfaat kesehatan, tetapi hal tersebut hilang selama pemrosesan, penyimpanan, dan melewati saluran pencernaan. Viabilitas probiotik dapat dipertahankan dengan penerapan teknik enkapsulasi pengeringan semprot. Review artikel ini membahas mengenai bakteri probiotik, bahan enkapsulasi, prinsip pengeringan semprot dalam mikroenkapsulasi, dan sifat fungsional mikrokapsul probiotik pengeringan semprot. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode non-research dengan literature review berbagai sumber, seperti jurnal penelitian dan buku yang terkait. Hasil review artikel memberikan informasi bahwa viabilitas probiotik hasil pengeringan semprot dipengaruhi oleh spesies dan strain bakteri yang digunakan, jenis dan konsentrasi bahan enkapsulasi, serta kondisi pengeringan semprot (suhu umpan, suhu masuk, dan suhu keluar). Mikrokapsul probiotik pengeringan semprot memiliki potensi besar dalam formulasi pangan fungsional sehingga aplikasi komersialnya akan menguntungkan industri dan konsumen.Kata kunci: fungsionalitas, mikroenkapsulasi, pengeringan semprot, probiotik, viabilita
Application of Cleaner Production in a Fruit Chips Industry
Full text linkAbstract Cleaner production (CP) is one of the sustainable implementations of a comprehensive preventive environmental strategy involving company processes, products, and services. CP plan implementation still faces obstacles, such as the lack of detailed information, tools, and techniques. This study aimed to determine the variables and to select alternative solutions for cleaner production at a fruit chip industry using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The research was carried out at PT Agrijaya Indotirta in Malang, East Java. The production process at this company generates waste from the consumption of energy, water, materials, and raw materials. Energy and water consumption are disposed directly without preliminary recycling process. Used oil is sold, and the remaining fruit seeds are sold for seeds. Checklists are used for problem identification, while fishbone diagrams and the 5W1H method are used to solve the problem of getting the best solution from the available alternatives. The weighting results of the alternative solutions using the AHP method show that the application of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) (with a weight of 0.287080) on the human resource criteria (with a weight of 0.63699) is a suitable alternative solution for the CP application of fruit chips production at PT Agrijaya Indotirta. Cleaner production can be performed by improving the capacity of human resources as production actors and regulators of proper waste management.Keywords: Analitycal Hierarchy Process, cleaner production, fruit chips, waste handling AbstrakSalah satu implementasi berkelanjutan dari strategi lingkungan preventif komprehensif yang melibatkan proses, produk, dan layanan perusahaan adalah penerapan cleaner production (CP). Implementasi rencana CP masih menghadapi kendala, seperti informasi yang kurang rinci, alat, dan teknik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan variabel dan pemilihan alternatif solusi cleaner production pada produksi keripik di sebuah industri keripik buah dengan menggunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian dilakukan di PT Agrijaya Indotirta, Malang, Jawa Timur. Proses produksi pada perusahaan tersebut menghasilkan limbah dari konsumsi energi, air, material, dan bahan baku. Konsumsi energi dan air dibuang langsung tanpa daur ulang. Material berupa minyak dijual dan sisa bahan baku berupa biji buah dijual untuk bibit. Identifikasi masalah dilakukan menggunakan daftar periksa, sedangkan pemecahan masalah dilakukan menggunakan diagram fishbone dan metode 5W1H untuk memperoleh alternatif solusi. Hasil penilaian bobot alternatif solusi dengan metode AHP menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) (dengan bobot 0,287080) pada kriteria sumber daya manusia (dengan bobot 0,63699) merupakan alternatif solusi yang sesuai untuk aplikasi CP produksi keripik buah di PT Agrijaya Indotirta. Cleaner Production dapat dilakukan dengan cara peningkatan peran sumber daya manusia sebagai pelaku produksi dan sebagai pengatur penanganan limbah yang tepat.Kata kunci: Analitycal Hierarchy Process, cleaner production, keripik buah, penanganan limba