International Journal of Human Sciences / Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi (E-Journal
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Erosion risk analysis in Sapanca Lake Basin: Sapanca Gölü Havzası’nda erozyon risk analizi
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to determine the erosion susceptibility areas in the Sapanca Lake Basin. Sapanca Lake basin is located in the east of the Marmara Region. Due to its natural beauty, transportation opportunities and proximity to metropolitan areas, it is a preferred area for permanent and temporary living. Increasing population and growing settlement areas have created significant changes in the land cover, and depending on this situation, the erosion sensitivity of the research area has increased. In this study, Landsat 8 OLI satellite image dated 24.07.2022 was used to determine the land use status. RUSLE evaluates Precipitation Erosive (R), Soil Erosion Susceptibility (K), Slope Length and Slope Slope (LS), Ground Cover (C) and Erosion Control (P) Factors in Geographic Information Systems to determine the amount of soil loss. The Equation (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) method was applied. According to the RUSLE method, erosion susceptibility map of Sapanca Lake Basin was obtained and susceptibility classes were determined. These susceptibility classes are six categories: very light, mild, moderate, strong, severe and very severe. According to the map obtained, very light in 46.3% (13607.8 ha), mild in 7.5% (2211.5 ha), moderate in 15.3% (4493.8 ha), strong in 7.9% (2317.9 ha), Severe erosion susceptibility was detected in 9.8% (2864.1 ha) and very severe erosion sensitivity in 13.2% (3872.4 ha).The average annual soil loss is less than 5 tons/ha/year.The most sensitive areas in terms of the severity of erosion are the steep slopes of the Samanlı Mountains in the southand moderately sloping slopes in the north. The shores of Sapanca Lake and its surroundings are areas with slight erosion sensitivity. In addition to the effect of precipitation and soil characteristics on the land cover, the sloping areas opened to settlement due to human activities due to incorrect land use have increased the sensitivity of erosion. It is recommended to plan for a sustainable land use in the adaptation process to climate change, taking into account the areas susceptible to erosion.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı Sapanca Gölü Havzası’nda erozyon duyarlılık alanlarının belirlenmesidir. Sapanca Gölü Havzası, Marmara Bölgesi’nin doğusunda yer alır. Doğal güzelliği, ulaşım imkanları ve metropolitan alanlara yakınlığı nedeniyle devamlı ve geçici bir süre yaşam için tercih edilen bir alandır. Artan nüfus ve büyüyen yerleşim alanları arazi örtüsünde önemli değişimler oluşturmuş bu duruma bağlı olarak araştırma alanının erozyon duyarlılığı artmıştır. Bu çalışmada arazi kullanım durumunu belirlemek için 24.07.2022 tarihli Landsat 8 OLI uydu görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Toprak kaybı miktarını belirleyebilmek için Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinde, Yağış Erozif (R), Toprak Erozyon Duyarlılığı (K), Eğim Uzunluğu ve Eğim Dikliği (LS), Zemin Örtüsü (C) ve Erozyon Kontrol (P) faktörlerini değerlendiren RUSLE (Düzenlenmiş Evrensel Toprak Kaybı) metodu (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) metodu uygulanmıştır. RUSLE yöntemine göre; Sapanca Gölü Havzası’nın erozyon duyarlılığı haritası elde edilerek, duyarlılık sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Bu duyarlılık sınıfları; çok hafif, hafif, orta, güçlü, şiddetli ve çok şiddetli olmak üzere altı sınıftan oluşur. Elde edilen haritaya göre inceleme alanının %46,3’ünde (13607.8 ha) çok hafif, %7,5’inde (2211.5 ha) hafif, %15,3’ünde (4493.8 ha) orta, %7,9’unda (2317.9 ha) güçlü, %9,8’inde (2864.1 ha) şiddetli ve %13,2’sinde (3872.4 ha) çok şiddetli erozyon duyarlılığı tespit edilmiştir. Yıllık ortalama toprak kaybı 5 ton/ha/yıldan azdır. Erozyonun şiddeti bakımından en duyarlı bölgeler güneyde Samanlı Dağları’nın dik yamaçları ile kuzeyde hafif ve orta eğimli yamaçlardır. Sapanca Gölü kıyıları ve çevresi hafif derecede erozyon duyarlılığı taşıyan alanlardır. Arazi örtüsünde yağış ve toprak özelliklerinin etkisi yanında yanlış arazi kullanımı sebebiyle insan faaliyetleri sonucu özellikle turizm ile yerleşmeye açılan eğimli alanlar erozyon duyarlılığını arttırmıştır. İklim değişikliğine uyum sürecinde sürdürülebilir bir arazi kullanımı için erozyona duyarlı alanlar dikkate alınarak planlama yapılması önerilmektedir.
The effect of leisure benefits on happiness
Get PDFPurpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of leisure benefits on happiness.
Method: In the study, the “Leisure Benefit Scale” developed by Ho (2008) and adapted in Turkish by Akgül, Karakucuk and Ertüzün (2018) was used to measure the recreational benefit perceptions of the participants. In addition, the “Oxford Happiness Scale”, developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) and adapted into Turkish by Doğan and Akıncı Çötok (2011). Convenience sampling in the selection of the sample and face-to-face survey method was preferred in the collection of data. The analysis of the data was performed through the SPSS program, and descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and Regression analyzes were used.
Findings: The research group consisted of 1342 university students, 739 males (55.1%) and 603 females (44.9%), between the ages of 18-25 (21.07±2.24) studying in sports sciences faculties across Turkey. When the results of the analysis were examined, a positive relationship was determined between the leisure benefit perceptions of the participants and their happiness levels. Besides, it was observed that the perception of leisure benefits had a positive effect on happiness.
Conclusions: Accordingly, a positive change was detected in happiness levels as the level of benefit perceived by the participants from recreational activities increased
Opening the curtains: Adoption of transparency policy for eliminating in confidentiality of the faith groups
Get PDFTransparency policies, which have become increasingly important in recent years, have become one of the most important implementation tools of accountability, especially for public administrations. The main purpose of this study is to examine a public policy that can be planned to be implemented in Turkish public administration under the leadership of the Presidency of Religious Affairs (PRA). In the public policy literature, policy transfer and adoption processes are considered a quick solution for developing countries. Because developing countries have two important constraints, such as time and resources, to produce a solution. The adoption process of the policy that is planned to be implemented in Turkey, compared to the transparency policies in faith group services carried out by the UK public institutions, is the focus of this study. Although belief groups are important for the spread of civil society, they can cause certain social and political problems. It is not possible to produce qualified solutions to these problems by ignoring belief groups or making them illegal with a radical approach. The principle of transparency in public policies plays a key role in solving the problems encountered in civil society. This case study and content analysis will both provide the PRA with a theoretical assessment of its transparency policy and provide a roadmap for academics to work on different public policies
The relationship between leisure time management and leisure time benefit: A study on private sector employees
Get PDFResearch aim. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between leisure management and leisure benefits of individuals working in the private sector. Method. The sample of this study was formed by using the purposive sampling method. A total of 231 males and 118 females took part in the sample consisting of 349 participants. Free Time Management Scale and Leisure Benefit Scale were used to collect the data. To analyze the data MANOVA and Pearson-Correlation tests were performed. Findings. There are no significant differences between demographic variables and Free Time Management Scale total points. There is only a significant difference between work experience and Leisure Benefit Scale total points. Also, there is no significant correlation between the two scales’ dimensions. Conclusions. Briefly, it can be said that no significant relationship was found between the benefit of the participants from recreational activities and their perceptions of managing their leisure time
Testing The Green Culture Scale on Turkish population: The Green Culture Scale: Yeşil Kültür Ölçeğinin Türk popülasyonu üzerinde sınanması: Yeşil Kültür Ölçeği
Get PDFIn the study, the validity and reliability study of the Green Culture scale developed by Ermolaeva (2010) was conducted and it aimed to examine the green culture levels of university students with the measurement tool obtained. The language validity of the Green Culture Scale (GCS), which consists of 11 items and 2 sub-dimensions, was made within the framework of expert opinions. In order to test the structure with confirmatory factor analysis, 400 data were collected in the first stage, and it was determined that the CFA findings of the measurement tool consisting of environmental awareness and environmental behavior sub-dimensions confirmed the structure (x2/df=3.29; RMSEA=0.07, SRMR=0.05; CFI). =0.93). The total internal reliability coefficient for GCS was determined as .73. It was determined that the green culture scale was valid and reliable in the Turkish population, and then, in the second data collection stage, the Green Culture level of 402 university students and how certain variables differentiated this level were examined. The findings show that the sample group is in the Pure Environmentalist group and there are significant differences between certain variables and green culture. As a result, the Green Culture Scale, which was determined to be a valid and reliable measurement tool, shows that the green culture level of the participants in the current sample group is high. It is recommended to examine the green culture levels of different sample groups and to expand the analysis of environmental awareness and environmental behavior.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Çalışmada Ermolaeva’nın (2010) geliştirdiği Green Culture ölçeğinin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması yapılarak, elde edilen ölçüm aracıyla üniversite öğrencilerinin yeşil kültür düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 11 madde ve 2 alt boyuttan oluşan Yeşil Kültür Ölçeği’nin (YKÖ) dil geçerliliği uzman görüşleri çerçevesinde yapılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile yapının sınanması adına ilk aşamada 400 veri toplanmış, çevresel farkındalık ve çevresel davranış alt boyutlarından oluşan ölçüm aracının DFA bulgularının yapıyı doğruladığı belirlenmiştir (x2/df=3,29; RMSEA=0,07, SRMR=0,05; CFI=0,93). YKÖ için toplam iç güvenirlik katsayısı .73 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yeşil kültür ölçeğinin Türk popülasyonunda geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiş ardından ikinci veri toplama aşamasında 402 üniversite öğrencisinin Yeşil Kültür düzeyi ve belirli değişkenlerin bu düzeyi ne doğrultuda farklılaştırdığı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular örneklem grubunun Saf Çevreci grubunda olduğunu ve belirli değişkenler ile yeşil kültür arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak geçerli ve güvenilir ölçüm aracı olduğu belirlenen Yeşil Kültür Ölçeği mevcut örneklem grubundaki katılımcıların yeşil kültür düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Farklı örneklem gruplarının yeşil kültür düzeylerinin incelenmesi çevresel farkındalık ve çevresel davranış durumlarının analizlerinin genişletilmesi önerilmektedir
The effect of ecologically based playgrounds on the child's sensory and motor functions
Get PDFChildren actively learn themselves, their immediate environment and the world through play. It is observed that the environment plays a major role in increasing the physical activity levels of children and ensuring their functional development.
Being intertwined with nature is very important for children in environmental education. However, the importance of physical planning of ecological playgrounds for children is often overlooked. It is known that natural spaces designed within the framework of ecological principles and containing different habitat types (water, soil, plants, animals, etc.) are more suitable for environmental education than classical green spaces, especially for children living in cities. It is known that a flexible and changeable environment provides more opportunities for positive behavior in environmental education. In addition to the positive aspects that the natural elements in the environment contribute to the psychological, emotional and social integration of the child, there are also contributions in terms of motor and sensory development. In addition, the areas designed in this direction reveal the feeling of freedom of children and are effective in making them more sensitive to environmental issues
The historical evolution of military logistics and the analysis of Turkish Independence War in the scope of the Great Offensive (1922) stage: Askeri lojistiğin tarihsel gelişimi ve Türk İstiklal Savaşı’nın Büyük Taarruz (1922) safhası özelinde incelenmesi
Get PDFThe concept of logistics has been togetherly uttered with the art of military. Logistics is a military knowledge which has emerged because of the necessity of supplying subsistence weapons, health services, accommodation and transportation conditions forth earmy and it has been a vital factor for each wars of the man kind history. This term, which has been used with the armies that changed the path of the history, is used not only with the military but also with trade. Throughout the ages, supporting the armies has become more complicated as the size of them has been expanded. Naturally, the origin of word logistics, logistikos that means ‘‘calculating wisely’’ pinpoints the importance of this knowledge for the effective advances of the armies in wars. From the ancient times to the present day, the armies that have been specialized in logistics reached out the victories in an easier war. War strategy thinkers like SunTzu, Antoine-Henri Jominiand Carl von Clause witz have emphasized the importance of supporting the armies and explained logistics in their works. In our work, after explaining the importance and historical evolution of military logistics and its literature by giving examples from warfare history, the Great Offensive (1922) that was an one of the most important chapter sandcase of existence of the Turkish History will be evaluated by the analysis of military logistics of the event.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Lojistik kavramı antik çağlardan itibaren askerlik sanatı beraber ile anılmıştır. Savaş sırasında ve askeri harekatlarda ordunun ihtiyacı olan yiyecek içeceğin, silah, sağlık hizmetleri, ulaşım koşulları ve barınmanın temin edilmesi gereksiniminden doğan ve bir askerlik bilgisi olan lojistik insanlık tarihinin her savaşında etkin bir faktör olmuştur. Tarihin yönünü değiştiren savaşlar ve bunların parçası olan orduları zafere götüren en önemli olgulardan biri olan bu kavram, günümüzde askerlik kadar ticaret ile de beraber anılmaktadır. Çağlar boyunca hücum eden kuvvetlerin en iyi şekilde desteklenmesi özellikle büyüyen ordular ile daha da karmaşık bir hal almıştır. Doğal olarak lojistik kelimesinin Yunanca kökeni olan logistikos’un da taşıdığı mana olan ‘‘mantıklı hesaplama’’ orduların savaşlarda sağlıklı ilerlemelerinde önem arz etmeye başlamış, Antik çağlardan günümüze kadar lojistik konusunda uzmanlaşan ordular zafere daha kolay ulaşabilmişlerdir. Ünlü askeri stratejistler Sun Tzu, Antoine-Henri Jomini ve Carl von Clausewitz eserlerinde ordunun lojistik anlamda desteklenmesine atıfta bulunarak, bu kavramı eserlerinde açıklamışladır. Çalışmamızda lojistiğin askerlik sanatında ki önemini ve tarihsel evrimini izah edip, tarihi savaşlarda lojistiğin kullanılma biçimlerini hatırlattıktan sonra, Türk Tarihi’nin en önemli fasıllarından birini oluşturan ve bir ulusun varoluşunu simgeleyen Büyük Taarruz’un lojistik açısından değerlendirilmesine yer verilecektir
Menopause experiences of women according to transition theory: Geçiş teorisine göre kadınların menopoz deneyimleri
Get PDFAim: This research was aimed to investigate menopausal transition experiences of women according to Meleis’ transition theory.
Method: This research was carried out with 13 postmenopausal women who applied at one Educational and Research Hospital. The participants were chosen with purposive sampling. Person Description Form, SemiPerson description form, and semi structured interview form were used as data collection tools. The interviews conducted with face-to-face in-depth interview method were recorded on tape and transferred to the computer in the written transcript. Data were described and categorized under certain themes after being coded. The data were analyzed with content analysis.
Findings: The mean age of the women included in the study was 54.76±5.18 years, 84.6% of them were primary school graduates, and 76.9% of them were married.
The themes analyzed after the interviews were presented in four areas according to the components of the theory within the framework of Meleis' transition theory. These were Properties of Transitions, Transitions conditions; facilitators, inhibitors, Patterns of Response and Nursing therapeutics.
Conclusions: In light of the results, it was founded that women were aware of the menopause transition. In this period, they experienced physical, mental, and social changes and differences. Although they have negative perceptions about menopause, they have developed coping techniques. In this period, they needed the nursing support.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Amaç: Araştırma, kadınların menopoza geçiş deneyimlerini Meleis’in geçiş teorisine göre incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinin jinekoloji polikliniğine başvuran postmenopozal dönemdeki 13 kadınla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar amaçlı örneklem tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. Veriler birey tanılama formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşme tekniği ile gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiş ve bilgisayar ortamında yazılı döküm haline getirilmiştir. Veriler kodlanıp temalara göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya alınan kadınların yaş ortalaması 54.76±5.18 olup, %84.6’sı ilkokul mezunu ve % 76.9’u evlidir. Görüşmeler sonrası analiz edilen temalar Meleis’in geçiş teorisi çerçevesinde teorinin bileşenlerine göre dört alanda sunulmuştur. Bu alanlar; geçiş özellikleri, geçiş sürecini kolaylaştıran ya da önleyen koşullar, yanıt şekilleri ve terapötik hemşireliktir.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda kadınların menopoza geçiş deneyiminin farkında olduğu ve bu süreçte fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal değişim ve farklılıklar yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. Kadınlar menopoza yönelik olumsuz algılara sahip olmakla birlikte bu süreçte menopozla başetme teknikleri geliştirmişlerdir. Bu dönemde hemşirelik desteğine ihtiyaç duymuşlardır
Structure of Turkish leisure industry: Türk rekreasyon endüstrisinin yapısı
Get PDFThe potential of a society or the developed facilities can play a central role for improving the economy of a country. The leisure industry has been growing to be a giant industry that can contribute to Turkey’s economy which is placed in low ranks of the better life index between Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. However, one of the most significant elements that slow down the progress in Turkey is that the professional competence framework has not been drawn leading to problems in the employment of professional specialists. The guiding element for the determination of the professional competence framework is a model that can define the industrial dimensions related with the profession.
The models and literature knowledge for the leisure industry has been found limited when the international literature is examined. In the scope of this research, four leisure models that were stated within international literature were examined and a new model that would be suitable for the Turkish leisure industry was proposed in the light of previous models. In addition, the Turkish leisure industry was discussed in detail in order to fill the deficiency within international literature about Turkish leisure industry.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Bir toplumun sahip olduğu potansiyel ya da geliştirdiği olanaklar, ülke ekonomisinin daha iyi olması için merkezi bir rol üstlenebilir. Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) ülkelerinin daha iyi yaşama indeksi sıralamasında alt sıralarda olan Türkiye için rekreasyon endüstrisi gelecekte ülke ekonomisine önemli katkılar sağlayabilecek dev bir endüstri olma yolunda ilerlemektedir. Ancak Türkiye’deki bu ilerlemeyi yavaşlatan en önemli unsurlardan biri meslek uzmanlarının istihdamında sorun yaratan mesleki yeterlilik çerçevesinin henüz çizilememiş olmasıdır. Mesleki yeterlilik çerçevesinin belirlenmesinde kılavuz unsur ise meslekle ilişkili endüstriyel boyutları tanımlayabilen model olabilir.
Uluslararası literatür incelendiğinde rekreasyon endüstrisine yönelik model ya da literatür bilgisi sınırlı durumdadır. Araştırma kapsamında uluslararası literatürde ön plana çıkmış dört rekreasyon modeli incelenmiş ve bu modeller doğrultusunda Türk rekreasyon endüstrisinin yapısına uygun bir model önerilmiştir
Behavioral Patterns Inventory: A reliability and validity study
Get PDFAim: There are many studies concerning behavioral models, to the best of our knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the field of medical education. To fill this gap and contribute to education and academic literature, we aimed to develop a valid, reliable and easily accessible perceived behavior patterns inventory.
Methods: Data were collected from 851 medical students using an inventory form. The inventory developed consisted of a total of four scales reflecting the behavioral patterns. 109 items were created for the scales. The items in the inventory form were scored based on a five-point Likert-scale. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted separately for each scale. The construct validity of the scales was examined using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and their reliability was examined with the alpha reliability coefficient.
Findings: The calculated alpha reliability values of the scales ranged between 0.71 and 0.79, and the variance rates were between 44.638 and 55.374. These values are acceptable and appropriate to the previously determined standards.
Conclusions: Findings obtained from the reliability study and factor analysis show that the developed inventory is reliable and valid for behavioral structures